scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS FOR MANAGING ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS WASTE MATERIALS: REAPPLICATION OF FLY ASH

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zagorka Aćimović Pavlović ◽  
Anja Terzić ◽  
Ljiljana Miličic ◽  
Zagorka Radojević ◽  
Ljubica Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Hazardous Pollutants

The disposal of the fly ash may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants. The only sustainable economic solution for the pollution-prevention of theenvironment is the reuse of fly ash in building materials. Some of building composites, in which fly ash iscombined with refractory components can withstand high temperatures. In this investigation testing composites were based on fly ash mixed with high-aluminate cement. Investigated fly ashes were previously subjected to mechano-activation. The leaching behavior and potential environmental impact of hazardous elements were analyzed. Mineral phase analysis by means of XRD was accented due to the fly ash high dependence on its origin. Crystalline phases were investigated by means of DTA. Scanning electron microscopy was used in microstructure analysis. The leachability of toxic elements was within allowedrange, thus investigated fly ashes can be replicated in building materials. Investigated fly ash-cement composites proved to have high physico-mechanical performances, but also good thermo-insulationcharacteristics. The overall results showed that application of the fly ash in building composites unsustainable solution for managing this environmentally hazardous waste material. Key words:fly ash, thermo-insulation, toxic elements, reapplication, building composites.

scholarly journals Use of fly ash from fluidized bed boilers in clinker-slag-ash based binders

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Janowska-Renkas ◽  
Jolanta Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Blast Furnace ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Blast Furnace Slag ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Corrosive Environment ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Fluidized Bed Boilers ◽  
Furnace Slag ◽  
Fbc Fly Ash

The study presents the state of knowledge regarding physical and chemical properties, as well as trends for application of fly ashes from combustion in fluidized bed boilers in building materials. Clinker - slag - ash based binders were tested that contained up to 40 mass % of fly ashes from combustion in fluidized bed boilers. It was demonstrated that fluidized bed combustion fly ashes (FBC fly ash), apart from granular blast furnace slag, could be the ingredient of low clinker Portland cements (ca. 20% by mass). These cements, compared to CEM I Portland cement, have higher water demand and durability in the corrosive environment, and a lower compressive strength value. Based on test results of binders with various content of blast furnace slag and fly ash, the clinker - slag - ash based binder was singled out, which demonstrated the higher durability in the corrosive environment. It was found that production of clinker - slag - ash based binders was possible in the strength class 32.5 even with 30% by mass of FBC fly ash content.

scholarly journals The composition of the organic and inorganic matter of the Siliceous fly ashes as part of their usefulness in technologies of building materials

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Ewa Strzałkowska
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Porous Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Pozzolanic Properties

Abstract Nowadays in Poland around 18 mln tons of energy wastes are produced every year. The utilization method of wastes depends principally on their physicochemical properties. Siliceous fly ashes which have pozzolanic properties which advantageously influence on cement properties, are mainly used in production of cement. The results of studies of the phase composition of the different grain classes of the siliceous fly ash were presented in this article. The minerals: mullite and quartz as well as magnetite, hematite and calcite were identified on the base of thermal analysis, mikroscopic observation and X-ray diffractometry examination. Significant participation in the composition of investigated fly ashes have also fragments of unburned coal. They present different morphological forms depend on the porosity degree. The following forms were distinguished: cenospheres, networks, inertynite massive and porous, detritus. Porous particles accumulate mainly in the coarser grain class and are represented primarily by cenospheres and networks. Their content may have an adverse effect on any further applications of fly ash, so as it is necessary to separation of this class. This will reduce water demand and increase the freeze-thaw resistance of mortar and concrete containing fly ash.

The comparison of regulations on fly ash as a hazardous waste in Indonesia and several countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-162
Author(s):  
Januarti Jaya Ekaputri ◽  
M. Shahib Al Bari
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Hazardous Waste ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
The Status

This paper aims to encourage the Indonesian government to review the 2014 Government Regulation (PP) number 101 related to coal-ash. Fly ashes at power plants overload the landfills and requires complete handling solution. The utilization of fly ash in Indonesia are facing the issues, one of these is the categorization of fly ash as a hazardous waste. As a result, its utilization requires permissions from the ministry of environment and forestry. In this paper, a comparative study of fly ash classification as hazardous waste in India, United States of America, China and Vietnam was conducted. India and China are the coal importer from Indonesia. US regulation was once referred when drafting PP number 101. Vietnam is chosen as comparison in Southeast Asia. The Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) results of fly ashes from 16 Indonesian power plants proved that their toxic content was lower than the TCLP parameters in the regulation. Acute Oral Toxicity Test (LD50) results showed that fly ash and bottom ash with dosage up to 7000 mg/kg did not cause fatalities. This study is a reference for the Indonesian government to verify the status of fly ash to be utilized as much as possible in various fields.

scholarly journals Leaching of the potentially toxic pollutants from composites based on waste raw material

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Terzic ◽  
Zagorka Radojevic ◽  
Ljiljana Milicic ◽  
Ljubica Pavlovic ◽  
Zagorka Acimovic
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Physico Chemical

The disposal of the fly ash generated in coal based power-plants may pose a significant risk to the environment due to the possible leaching of hazardous pollutants, such as toxic metals. Also, there is a risk of leaching even when fly ash is built-in the construction composites. Fly ashes from various landfills were applied in several composite samples (mortar, concrete and brick) without any physical or thermal pre-treatment. The leachability of the potentially toxic pollutants from the fly ash based products was investigated. The leaching behavior and potential environmental impact of the 11 potentially hazardous elements was tracked: Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Hg, As, Ba, Sb and Se. A detailed study of physico-chemical characteristics of the fly ash, with accent on trace elements and the chemical composition investigation is included. Physico/chemical properties of fly ash were investigated by means of X-ray fluorescence, differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction methods. Scanning electron microscope was used in microstructural analysis. The results show that most of the elements are more easily leachable from the fly ash in comparison with the fly ash based composites. The leaching of investigated pollutants is within allowed range thus investigated fly ashes can be reused in construction materials production.

Influence of the Fly Ash Character on Quality of Artificial Aggregate

2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 170-176
Author(s):  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Temperature Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
High Temperature Combustion

In a world is of ever-increasing pressure on the use of fly ash in building materials. Despite these efforts the majority of produced energy by-products end up as reclamation material and only small part as high-quality materials. Technology of sintered artificial aggregate is fully based on the fly ashes and allows processing a high percentage of this raw material. The work is devoted to assessing the impact of fly ash character on the quality artificial aggregate. There were selected three fly ashes from high-temperature combustion technology and two from the FBC combustion. The results clearly show that the FBC ashes are not too useful for sintered aggregate technology. For fly ashes is determined primarily by their fineness and the amount of amorphous silica phase.

Residual Strength of Thermally Loaded Mortars with Treated Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash Used as Supplementary Cementitious Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 982 ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Keppert ◽  
Kirill Polozhiy
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Air Pollution Control ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Mswi Fly Ash ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Material

Fly ashes collected in Air Pollution Control lines of Municipal Solid Waste Incinerators (MSWI) differ highly from fly ashes generated during coal burning what complicates their utilization in building materials production. Nevertheless after a treatment such ashes can have properties relatively comparable with coal fly ashes and thus can be used as Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM). The water extracted MSWI fly ash was used as partial Portland cement replacement in mortars. The mortars strength evolution in time was monitored; behavior typical for pozzolans – slower increase of strength – was observed. Influence of thermal load on strength of mortars was studied as well. It can be concluded that water extracted MSWI fly ash can be used as 10 % Portland cement substitute without loss of mechanical properties.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

scholarly journals Self-Cleaning Concrete for Landscaping Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 289 ◽  
pp. 05004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Mircea
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Architecture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Natural Process ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Catalytic Material ◽  
Self Cleaning ◽  
Agriculture Water

Negative effects of environmental pollution pose a significant risk to agriculture, water resources and human health. This can however be reduced by selecting appropriate materials in construction and landscape architecture. It is well-known that strong sunlight or ultraviolet light decomposes many organic materials in a slow natural process. Photocatalytic substances accelerate this process and when used in concrete (which is one of the most widely used construction materials), permit the treatment of pollutants close to their source by applying a self-cleaning principle: decomposing organic materials, biological materials and pollutants into molecules like oxygen, water, carbon dioxide, nitrates, and sulphates. Catalytic material activation will start due to energy that is received from sunlight (it also can be activated using artificial lights), and self-cleaning begins when this material is activated. Beside other properties, this innovative self-cleaning concrete also keeps its colour for far longer than other traditional building materials, making it a desirable solution for landscaping applications.

scholarly journals An Alternative to Clay in Building Materials: Red Mud Sintering Using Fly Ash via Taguchi’s Methodology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita Rai ◽  
Dilip H. Lataye ◽  
M. J. Chaddha ◽  
R. S. Mishra ◽  
P. Mahendiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Bauxite Residue ◽  
Significant Parameter ◽  
Alkaline Waste ◽  
Free Caustic Soda

“Red mud” or “bauxite residue” is a highly alkaline waste generated from alumina refinery with a pH of 10.5–12.5 which poses serious environmental problems. Neutralization or its treatment by sintering in presence of additives is one of the methods for overcoming the caustic problem as it fixes nearly all the leachable free caustic soda present in red mud. In the present study, feasibility of reducing the alkaline nature of red mud by sintering using fly ash as an additive via Taguchi methodology and its use for brick production, as an alternative to clay, is investigated. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that sintering temperature is the most significant parameter in the process. A pH of 8.9 was obtained at 25–50% of red mud and 50–75% fly ash with water and temperature of . Alternatively 50% of red mud can be mixed with 50% of fly ash with water at temperature of to get a pH of about 8.4. The mechanism of this process has been explained with also emphasis on chemical, mineralogical, and morphological analysis of the sintered red mud. The results would be extremely useful in utilization of red mud in building and construction industry.

scholarly journals LiNbO3Coating on Concrete Surface: A New and Environmentally Friendly Route for Artificial Photosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit K. Nath ◽  
M. F. M. Zain ◽  
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Work Done

The addition of a photocatalyst to ordinary building materials such as concrete creates environmentally friendly materials by which air pollution or pollution of the surface can be diminished. The use of LiNbO3photocatalyst in concrete material would be more beneficial since it can produce artificial photosynthesis in concrete. In these research photoassisted solid-gas phases reduction of carbon dioxide (artificial photosynthesis) was performed using a photocatalyst, LiNbO3, coated on concrete surface under illumination of UV-visible or sunlight and showed that LiNbO3achieved high conversion of CO2into products despite the low levels of band-gap light available. The high reaction efficiency of LiNbO3is explained by its strong remnant polarization (70 µC/cm2), allowing a longer lifetime of photoinduced carriers as well as an alternative reaction pathway. Due to the ease of usage and good photocatalytic efficiency, the research work done showed its potential application in pollution prevention.

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