Surface water flooding in rural areas: observations, monitoring and methods for peak flow estimation

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Rodda ◽  
Jane Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Peak Flow ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Flow Estimation

scholarly journals Estimation of Peak Flow in Ungauged Catchments Using the Relationship between Runoff Coefficient and Curve Number

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nam Kim ◽  
Mun-Ju Shin
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Rational Method ◽  
Runoff Coefficient ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Ungauged Catchments ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flow Estimation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff Model ◽  
The Relationship

Hourly flood flow estimation for gauged and ungauged catchments is a prerequisite for planning and water management. Various methods have been applied in a multitude of studies to calculate the peak flow for ungauged catchments. However, it is not simple for engineers to use the existing methods in practical applications. An easier method is suggested for this purpose in this study. The authors estimated the relationship between the runoff coefficient, intensity of rainfall, and curve number, and then utilized the relationship to calculated the peak flow using the rational method for ungauged catchments. Rainfall and flood time series for ungauged study catchments were generated by a simple data generation method and a distributed rainfall–runoff model. Results showed that the runoff coefficients simulated using the estimated relationship reasonably agree with the runoff coefficients in the studied ungauged catchments. In addition, the peak flow simulated using the rational method and the relationship highly agree with the peak flow in the ungauged catchments. Therefore, the peak flow in ungauged catchments can be easily calculated by this method, which is more pragmatic for engineers.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fluoride in Groundwater and Surface Water in Gorakhpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 2028-2036
Author(s):  
Aseem Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Groundwater Source

Fluorine is the most electronegative and most reactive halogen. Fluorine is 13th most common element on earth crust found in the form of fluoride. Concentration of fluoride below 1 mg/l are believed beneficial in the prevention of dental carries or tooth decay, but above 1.5mg/l, it increases the severity of the deadly diseases fluorosis, which is incurable in India. The whole study was conducted in Gorakhpur region to know about the concentration of fluoride, mainly in rural areas of the district. We have collected 64 drinking water samples from 9 blocks of the district in which we took 6 number of ground water samples from each block so total 54 number of samples were collected from the groundwater source and 8 number of samples were taken from surface water source. Out of 54 ground water samples, 36 numbers of samples were taken from India Mark-II hand pumps and rest 18 number of samples were taken from shallow depth hand pumps and tested to determine the concentration of fluoride. From our assessment we came to know that in this region the concentration of fluoride in groundwater ranges between 0.004 to 1.42mg/l, minimum value is found in the surface water source and the maximum value is found from the ground water source.The samples collected from both ground water and as well as surface water were taken from potable sources i.e. they are used for drinking purposes in daily routine. After the testing and analyzing the samples it is come to know that surface water has quite lower levels fluoride compare to ground water. The conclusion of this work is to give information about the concentration of fluoride in groundwater and surface water of the district.

scholarly journals Is green infrastructure a viable strategy for managing urban surface water flooding?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 598-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Webber ◽  
T. D. Fletcher ◽  
L. Cunningham ◽  
G. Fu ◽  
D. Butler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Urban Surface

scholarly journals Impacts of the Sanmenxia Dam on the Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Lower Weihe River of Yellow River Watershed

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Xianfang Song
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Dam Operation ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
The Impact

Sanmenxia Dam, one of the most controversial water conservancy projects in China, has seriously impacted the lower Weihe River of the Yellow River Watershed since its operation. At the Huaxian Station, the dam operation controls the surface water level and leads to the variation of the surface water–groundwater interaction relationship. The river channel switched from a losing reach during the early stage (1959) to a gaining reach in 2010 eventually. The comparison of tracer (Cl−, δ18O and δ2H) characteristics of surface water in successive reaches with that of ambient groundwater shows that the general interaction condition is obviously affected by the dam operation and the impact area can be tracked back to Weinan City, around 65 km upstream of the estuary of the Weihe River. The anthropogenic inputs (i.e., agricultural fertilizer application, wastewater discharge, and rural industrial sewage) could be responsible for the deterioration of hydro-environment during the investigation periods of 2015 and 2016, as the population and fertilizer consumption escalated in the last 60 years. The use of contaminated river water for irrigation, along with the dissolved fertilizer inputs, can affect the groundwater quality, in particular resulting in the NO3− concentrations ranging from 139.4 to 374.1 mg/L. The unregulated industrial inputs in some rural areas may increase the Cl− contents in groundwater ranging from 298.4 to 472.9 mg/L. The findings are helpful for the improved comprehensive understanding of impacts of the Sanmenxia Dam on the interaction between surface water and groundwater, and for improving local water resources management.

scholarly journals MOGREPS-UK Convection-Permitting Ensemble Products for Surface Water Flood Forecasting: Rationale and First Results

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1383-1406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Golding ◽  
Nigel Roberts ◽  
Giovanni Leoncini ◽  
Ken Mylne ◽  
Richard Swinbank
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Ensemble Prediction ◽  
Intense Rainfall ◽  
Flood Prediction ◽  
Ensemble Prediction System ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
First Results

ABSTRACT Flooding is one of the costliest hazards in the United Kingdom. A large part of the annual flood damage is caused by surface water flooding that is a direct result of intense rainfall. Traditional catchment-based approaches to flood prediction are not applicable for surface water floods. However, given sufficiently accurate forecasts of rainfall intensity, with sufficient lead time, actions can be taken to reduce their impact. These actions require reliable information about severity and areas at risk that is clear and easily interpreted. The accuracy requirements, in particular, are very challenging, as they relate to prediction of intensities that occur only infrequently and that typically affect only small areas. In this paper, forecasts of intense rainfall from a new convection-permitting ensemble prediction system are evaluated using radar observations of intense rain and surface water flooding reports. An urban flooding case that occurred in Edinburgh in 2011 is first investigated and then a broader look is taken at performance through a 3-month period during the London Olympic and Paralympic Games in 2012. Conclusions are drawn about the value of the ensemble and the particular means of presenting the forecasts, and areas requiring further work are highlighted.

Perfluorinated compounds in soil, surface water, and groundwater from rural areas in eastern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Xing-Chun Jiao ◽  
Nan Gai ◽  
Xiao-Jie Li ◽  
Xiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater
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