Perfluorinated compounds in soil, surface water, and groundwater from rural areas in eastern China

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Chen ◽  
Xing-Chun Jiao ◽  
Nan Gai ◽  
Xiao-Jie Li ◽  
Xiao-Chun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater

scholarly journals Impacts of the Sanmenxia Dam on the Interaction between Surface Water and Groundwater in the Lower Weihe River of Yellow River Watershed

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Dongmei Han ◽  
Xianfang Song
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Dam Operation ◽  
Weihe River ◽  
The Impact

Sanmenxia Dam, one of the most controversial water conservancy projects in China, has seriously impacted the lower Weihe River of the Yellow River Watershed since its operation. At the Huaxian Station, the dam operation controls the surface water level and leads to the variation of the surface water–groundwater interaction relationship. The river channel switched from a losing reach during the early stage (1959) to a gaining reach in 2010 eventually. The comparison of tracer (Cl−, δ18O and δ2H) characteristics of surface water in successive reaches with that of ambient groundwater shows that the general interaction condition is obviously affected by the dam operation and the impact area can be tracked back to Weinan City, around 65 km upstream of the estuary of the Weihe River. The anthropogenic inputs (i.e., agricultural fertilizer application, wastewater discharge, and rural industrial sewage) could be responsible for the deterioration of hydro-environment during the investigation periods of 2015 and 2016, as the population and fertilizer consumption escalated in the last 60 years. The use of contaminated river water for irrigation, along with the dissolved fertilizer inputs, can affect the groundwater quality, in particular resulting in the NO3− concentrations ranging from 139.4 to 374.1 mg/L. The unregulated industrial inputs in some rural areas may increase the Cl− contents in groundwater ranging from 298.4 to 472.9 mg/L. The findings are helpful for the improved comprehensive understanding of impacts of the Sanmenxia Dam on the interaction between surface water and groundwater, and for improving local water resources management.

Assessment of hydrological and biogeochemical effects on N2O emission factors in river networks of eastern China based on long-term study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minpeng Hu ◽  
Randy Dahlgren ◽  
Dingjiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
River Networks ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater

<p>The N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors (EF) in river networks remains a major source of uncertainty due to limited data availability. This study integrated three years of multiple stable isotope (<sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/<sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and <sup>2</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O/<sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O) and hydrochemistry measurements for river water and groundwater to evaluate the effects of hydrological and biogeochemical processes on riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors in the Yongan watershed (2474 km<sup>2</sup>) of subtropical eastern China. The EF in groundwater (0.00195 ± 0.00146) was about one magnitude higher than that in surface water (0.00038 ± 0.00020). The N<sub>2</sub>O EF displayed seasonal and spatial variability in surface water and groundwater. The emission factors in surface water showed negative relationship with N levels and positive relationship with dissolved organic carbon: DIN (C:N) ratio. In contrast, N<sub>2</sub>O EF in groundwater showed positive relationship with N level and negative relationship with DO concentration, implying quite different processes undergoing in surface water and groundwater. The <sup>2</sup>H-H<sub>2</sub>O/<sup>18</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O information suggested high base flow contribution (~70%) to rivers, implying the potential N<sub>2</sub>O contribution from groundwater to riverine N<sub>2</sub>O. Information from <sup>15</sup>N-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and <sup>18</sup>O-NO<sub>3</sub><sup>- </sup>indicated that N<sub>2</sub>O in groundwater were regulated by nitrification and denitrification, while N<sub>2</sub>O in river networks was mainly derived from nitrification and may be also regulated by hydrological processes. The strong positive relationship between riverine N<sub>2</sub>O concentrations and that in groundwater may indicate the potential high contribution of groundwater N<sub>2</sub>O to surface water. This study highlights the importance of combining multiple isotope tracers and hydrochemistry to assess the riverine N<sub>2</sub>O dynamics, as well as the necessity to consider the potential impact from groundwater N<sub>2</sub>O contribution during the determination of riverine N<sub>2</sub>O emission factors in rivers with high groundwater recharge.</p>

scholarly journals Surface Water and Groundwater Quality in South Africa and Mozambique—Analysis of the Most Critical Pollutants for Drinking Purposes and Challenges in Water Treatment Selection

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Verlicchi ◽  
Vittoria Grillini
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
World Health ◽  
Critical Parameters ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Health Organization

According to a recent report by the World Health Organization (WHO), the countries which still have limited access to water for drinking purposes are mainly those in the Sub-Saharan region. In this context, the current study provides an overview of the quality of surface water and groundwater in rural and peri-urban areas of the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and Mozambique (MZ) in terms of concentrations of conventional pollutants, inorganic chemicals, microorganisms, and micropollutants. Their values were compared with the drinking water standards available for the two countries. Regarding surface water, it was found that microorganisms occur at high concentrations; nickel (RSA) and boron (MZ) are other critical parameters. Regarding groundwater, arsenic and lead (RSA) and boron, sodium, and chloride (MZ) are the main critical substances. With regard to micropollutants, their surface water concentrations are much higher than those in European rivers. The highest values were for ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, clozapine, and estriol. Suitable treatment is necessary to produce safe water depending on the main critical pollutants but, at the same time, action should be taken to improve wastewater treatment in rural areas to improve and safeguard surface water bodies and groundwater which are sources for drinking needs.

scholarly journals Surface and Groundwater Quality in South African Area—Analysis of the Most Critical Pollutants for Drinking Purposes

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Paola Verlicchi ◽  
Vittoria Grillini
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Health Organization

According to a recent report by World Health Organization, the countries which still have limited access to water for drinking purposes are mainly those in the Sub-Saharan region. (Potential) water sources for drinking needs may contain different contaminants. In this context, the current study consists in an overview of the quality of surface water and groundwater in the Republic of South Africa (RSA) and Mozambique (MZ) and provides the variability ranges of the concentrations of the main pollutants in the two countries. Chemical and physical characteristics and concentrations of macropollutants, inorganic compounds (metals) and selected microorganisms were collected for surface water and groundwater and compared with the standards for drinking water set in the two countries. It was found that in surface water, microorganisms were always at very high concentrations. In addition, nickel (in RSA) and boron and chlorine (in MZ) were the most critical compounds. It emerged that in groundwater, arsenic, lead and chlorine (in RSA) and boron, sodium and chlorine (in MZ) were the main critical pollutants. Adequate treatments in the construction of new drinking water plants in rural areas should be selected on the basis of these most critical compounds and their observed variability over time.

scholarly journals Effect of Digestate and Straw Combined Application on Maintaining Rice Production and Paddy Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Xue Hu ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Chengyu Xu ◽  
Xiaomin Huang ◽  
Min Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Straw Decomposition ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Combined Application

Few studies have focused on the combined application of digestate and straw and its feasibility in rice production. Therefore, we conducted a two-year field experiment, including six treatments: without nutrients and straw (Control), digestate (D), digestate + fertilizer (DF), digestate + straw (DS), digestate + fertilizer + straw (DFS) and conventional fertilizer + straw (CS), to clarify the responses of rice growth and paddy soil nutrients to different straw and fertilizer combinations. Our results showed that digestate and straw combined application (i.e., treatment DFS) increased rice yield by 2.71 t ha−1 compared with the Control, and digestate combined with straw addition could distribute more nitrogen (N) to rice grains. Our results also showed that the straw decomposition rate at 0 cm depth under DS was 5% to 102% higher than that under CS. Activities of catalase, urease, sucrase and phosphatase at maturity under DS were all higher than that under both Control and CS. In addition, soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) under DS and DFS were 20~26% and 11~12% higher than that under B and DF respectively, suggesting straw addition could benefit paddy soil quality. Moreover, coupling straw and digestate would contribute to decrease the N content in soil surface water. Overall, our results demonstrated that digestate and straw combined application could maintain rice production and have potential positive paddy environmental effects.

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