scholarly journals Histochemical and enzymatic differences in skeletal muscle from Svalbard reindeer during the summer and winter

Rangifer ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-H. Kiessling ◽  
A. Kiessling ◽  
K. Nilssen ◽  
I.-L. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Svalbard Reindeer

<p>Enzyme activities and fibre properties in four muscles from Svalbard reindeer, collected during the summer, have been compared with corresponding muscles during the winter. In two muscles, gluteobiceps and semimembranosus, oxidative capacity is higher in winter than in summer; in the other two muscles, semitendinosus and longissimus dorsi, there is no difference with time of the year. The capacity to oxidize fatty acids is low in winter compared with summer, especially in semitendinosus and longissimus. These changes are similar in both sexes. Histochemical studies of the three main fibre types, I (BetaR), HA (&deg;cR) and IIB (aW), from the four muscles show that in male reindeers the muscle fibres are narrower at the end of the winter season than during the summer. The decrease of muscle tissue amounts to about one third of the total volume (33%), of which I accounts for 5%, IIA for 2% and IIB for 26%. The results indicate that the Svalbard reindeer use lean tissue in general, and IIB fibres in particular, in order to survive the hostile arctic winter period at Svalbard.</p><p>Histokemiska och enzymatiska skillnader i skelettmuskel fr&aring;n Svalbardren mellan sommar och vinter.</p><p>Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag: Enzymaktiviteter och fiberegenskaper i fyra av Svalbardrenens muskler, insamlade under sommaren, har j&aring;mforts med motsvarande muskler insamlade under vintern. I tv&aring; muskler, gluteobiceps och semimembranosus, &aring;r oxidativa kapaciteten hogre under vintern an under sommaren; i de andra tv&aring; musklerna, semitendinosus och longissimus dorsi, foreligger ingen skillnad i detta avseende. Kapaciteten att oxidera fettsyror &aring;r l&aring;g under vintern j&aring;mfort med sommaren, speciellt i semitendinosus och longissimus. Inga konsskillnader foreligger i dessa avseenden. Histokemiska studier av de tre huvudtyperna av muskelfibrer, fiR (I), ocR (IIA) och (IIB), fr&aring;n de fyra musklerna visar att hos handjuren &aring;r fibrerna tunnare vid slutet av vinters&aring;songen j&aring;mfort med sommaren. Denna minskning i muskelv&aring;vnad uppg&aring;r till en tredjedel av totala volymen (33%). Harav svarar ftR for 5%, ^R tor 2% och for 26%. Resultaten antyder att Svalbardrenen anv&aring;nder muskelv&aring;vnad, speciellt QcW fibrer, for att overleva undri den h&aring;rda arktiska vinterperioden p&aring; Svalbard.</p>

scholarly journals Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Delta: A Conserved Director of Lipid Homeostasis through Regulation of the Oxidative Capacity of Muscle

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieter de Lange ◽  
Assunta Lombardi ◽  
Elena Silvestri ◽  
Fernando Goglia ◽  
Antonia Lanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Transcriptional Program ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Metabolic Action

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), which are ligand-inducible transcription factors expressed in a variety of tissues, have been shown to perform key roles in lipid homeostasis. In physiological situations such as fasting and physical exercise, one PPAR subtype, PPARδ, triggers a transcriptional program in skeletal muscle leading to a switch in fuel usage from glucose/fatty acids to solely fatty acids, thereby drastically increasing its oxidative capacity. The metabolic action of PPARδ has also been verified in humans. In addition, it has become clear that the action of PPARδ is not restricted to skeletal muscle. Indeed, PPARδ has been shown to play a crucial role in whole-body lipid homeostasis as well as in insulin sensitivity, and it is active not only in skeletal muscle (as an activator of fat burning) but also in the liver (where it can activate glycolysis/lipogenesis, with the produced fat being oxidized in muscle) and in the adipose tissue (by incrementing lipolysis). The main aim of this review is to highlight the central role for activated PPARδ in the reversal of any tendency toward the development of insulin resistance.

Oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle fibres in racehorses: histochemical versus biochemical analysis

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHANIE VALBERG ◽  
BIRGITTA ESSÉN GUSTAVSSON ◽  
HELENA SKOGLUND WALLBERG
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres

Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Tissues of the Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1191-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. V. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dungeness Crab ◽  
Cancer Magister ◽  
Storage Organs ◽  
Protein Amino Acids ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids

Tissues of the Dungeness crab (Cancer magister Dana) were analyzed for content of total lipid, protein, amino acids, fatty acids, and glucosamine. Ovaries and hepatopancreas were the major lipid storage organs. Gonads (ovaries and testes) and skeletal muscle contained substantially more protein than the other tissues. All tissues except the exoskeleton had balanced amino acid compositions. The exoskeletal protein was deficient in arginine and lysine. Glucosamine was a prominent constituent of the exoskeleton and of the gills and the gastric apparatus. Palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids were the major fatty acids found in all tissues.

scholarly journals On the supposed pluri-segmented innervation of muscle fibres

1925 ◽  
Vol 99 (694) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Wallerian Degeneration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Spinal Segment ◽  
Mammalian Muscle ◽  
Motor End Plate ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Segmental Innervation

Cattell and Stiles (1) have recently claimed to show that the majority of skeletal muscle fibres, at least in frogs, have a pluri-segmental innervation. The existence of a similar innervation in mammalian muscle fibres has also been asserted by Agdulhr (2). The evidence supporting this theory falls into two categories. The first is based on the histological findings after Wallerian degeneration has occurred in the axons rising from one spinal segment. In such cases muscle fibres were found in which one axon and motor end-plate showed signs of degeneration, and the other, when two were present, did not. Agduhr, who made the observation, concluded that the degenerated axon came from the segment whose motor roots he had cut 56 to 144 hours previously, and the undegenerated axon from another spinal segment. He was careful, however, to point out in his last paper that the total number of such doubly (or trebly) innervated fibres could not be adduced from his experiments.

scholarly journals Enhanced exercise and regenerative capacity in a mouse model that violates size constraints of oxidative muscle fibres

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Omairi ◽  
Antonios Matsakas ◽  
Hans Degens ◽  
Oliver Kretz ◽  
Kenth-Arne Hansson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Fibre Size ◽  
Resident Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Biology

A central tenet of skeletal muscle biology is the existence of an inverse relationship between the oxidative fibre capacity and its size. However, robustness of this relationship is unknown. We show that superimposition of Estrogen-related receptor gamma (Errγ) on the myostatin (Mtn) mouse null background (Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+) results in hypertrophic muscle with a high oxidative capacity thus violating the inverse relationship between fibre size and oxidative capacity. We also examined the canonical view that oxidative muscle phenotype positively correlate with Satellite cell number, the resident stem cells of skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, hypertrophic fibres from Mtn-/-/ErrγTg/+ mouse showed satellite cell deficit which unexpectedly did not affect muscle regeneration. These observations 1) challenge the concept of a constraint between fibre size and oxidative capacity and 2) indicate the important role of the microcirculation in the regenerative capacity of a muscle even when satellite cell numbers are reduced.

scholarly journals Effects of severe energy and protein deficiencies on the fibres and nuclei in skeletal muscle of pigs

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. C. Stickland ◽  
Elsie M. Widdowson ◽  
G. Goldspink
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Dietary History ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Measurements have been made of the size and number of muscle fibres and number of nuclei in a small indicator muscle (m. flexor digiti V brevis) in the fore-foot of the pig. Wellnourished, 10-d-old and 1-year-old animals were studied, as well as 1- and 2-year-old animals that were severely energy-deficient and protein-deficient.2. The normal 1-year-old animals had much larger muscle fibres, with more nuclei, than the pigs in any of the other groups.3. There were no significant differences between the numbers of fibres in the muscles of pigs in any of the four groups.4. There was a significant difference between the number of fibres in the muscles of pigs coming from different litters, irrespective of their dietary history after birth. This suggests that the number of fibres is determined genetically before birth, and all that can take place after birth is an alteration in size.

Determination of myoglobin concentration and oxidative capacity in cryostat sections of human and rat skeletal muscle fibres and rat cardiomyocytes

2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brechje J. van Beek-Harmsen ◽  
Martijn A. Bekedam ◽  
H. Maria Feenstra ◽  
Frans C. Visser ◽  
Willem J. van der Laarse
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibres ◽  
Cryostat Sections

Neuromuscular properties of the quintuply innervated flexor muscle in lobster limbs

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Wiens ◽  
Joanne Pearce ◽  
C. K. Govind
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Flexor Muscle ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Synaptic Interactions ◽  
The Common ◽  
To Receive

The flexor muscle of the lobster's walking leg was shown by enzyme histochemistry and electrophysiology to display a regional segregation of fibre types: medial fibres have a higher ATPase activity, lower oxidative capacity, and shorter membrane time constant than peripheral fibres lying near the cuticle. The muscle was confirmed to receive one inhibitory and four excitatory motor axons. As judged by the properties of their output excitatory junctional potentials (ejp's), the four excitors lie along the fast-to-slow gradient defined by the two specialized excitors of dually excited muscles. The Fα axon produces initially large ejp's which facilitate weakly or antifacilitate; they are similar to those of fast axons in other muscles. The Fρ axon at the other end of the spectrum produces strongly facilitating ejp's which are initially small, resembling those of known slow axons. The Fβ and Fγ axons show intermediate properties. The inhibitor, which is the common inhibitor of all leg muscles, innervates preferentially the more tonic muscle fibres, as does Fρ. Muscle fibres were observed to receive anywhere from one to five efferents, most receiving two to four. Serial electron microscopic observations in several regions revealed a rich supply of synaptic terminals, usually comprising a single inhibitory terminal and two or three excitatory ones. The inhibitory terminal typically has a few large synapses, each with more than one active site. Excitatory terminals, on the other hand, have many more smaller synapses, each with at least one active site. Although excitatory and inhibitory terminals were often closely juxtaposed, no synaptic interactions were observed between them.

162 PGC-1alpha correlates with cardiac and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in heart failure

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
A GARNIER ◽  
D FORTIN ◽  
C DELOMENIE ◽  
I MOMKEN ◽  
V VEKSLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity
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