scholarly journals Feeding soy or fish meal to Alaskan reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) – effects on animal performance and meat quality

Rangifer ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Finstad ◽  
Eva Wiklund ◽  
Kristy Long ◽  
Phillip J. Rincker ◽  
Alexandra C. M. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Seward Peninsula

Fourteen reindeer (8 steers and 6 females) were used to compare the effects of two different reindeer diets (a feed mix based on barley, brome hay and soybean meal (SBM) or fishmeal (WFM) as protein source) on animal growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and ultimate meat quality. Samples from free-ranging reindeer (n=4; 2 steers and 2 females) on the Seward Peninsula were included to provide comparisons with the traditional reindeer meat produced in Alaska. No significant difference was observed in overall weight gain between the WFM and SBM animals or between females and steers; however, the feed conversion efficiency was significantly higher for the reindeer fed the WFM mix. Carcass dressing percentage from the SBM group was higher compared with the WFM animals. No differences were found in live weight, carcass characteristics, meat pH, temperature decline, shear force, meat color or cooking loss when comparing the treatment groups. The meat samples (M. longissimus) from the free-range group had the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids and also the highest amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Meat from the animals fed SBM was significantly higher in triglyceride content and lower in phospholipid content compared with the two other groups. No significant differences were found when the trained panel compared the sensory attributes of the meat. Off-flavor attributes related to “wild’ or “gamey” flavor was reported by consumers for samples from the WFM and free-range reindeer (15 and 24 per cent of the consumers, respectively). No “fish-related” flavor was reported. In conclusion, no negative effects in either animal performance or meat quality characteristics by using fish meal as opposed to soybean meal as a protein supplement in a milled reindeer diet were found.Abstract in Swedish / Sammandrag:Utfordring av ren med soja- eller fiskmjøl – effekter på tillväxt, foderutnyttjande och köttkvalitet I vår undersökning ingick 14 renar (8 kastrerade sarvar (härkar)och 6 vajor) för att jämföra effekter av två olika renfoder (baserade på korn, hö och soja- (SBM) eller fiskmjöl (WFM) som proteintillskott) med avseende på tillväxt, foderutnyttjande och köttkvalitet. Köttprover från naturbetande renar (n=4; 2 härkar och 2 vajor) från Seward Peninsula inkluderades i studien för att representera kvaliteten på traditionellt producerat renkött från Alaska. Inga signifikanta skillnader i tillväxt observerades, varken mellan SBM- och WFM-grupperna eller mellan härkar och vajor. Foderutnyttjandet var dock signifikant bättre hos WFM-renarna. Slaktutbytet var högst för renarna i SBM-gruppen, däremot rapporterades inga skillnader i levandevikt, slaktkroppsegenskaper, pH-värde och temperatur i ytterfilén, skärmotstånd, färg eller vattenhållande förmåga i köttet när de tre grupperna av renar jämfördes (SBM, WFM och naturbetande djur). Köttet från de naturbetande renarna hade det signifikant högsta innehållet av både omega-3-fettsyror och av fleromättade fettsyror. Kött från SBM-renarna hade det högsta innehållet av triglycerider och det lägsta innehållet av fosfolipider jämfört med de andra två grupperna. Den tränade smakpanelen kunde inte hitta några skillnader i sensoriska egenskaper hos köttet från renarna i de tre olika grupperna. I en konsumentundersökning rapporterades kommentarer om olika ”vilt-relaterade” bismaker i kött från naturbetande renar (24% av konsumenterna) och från WFM-gruppen (15% av konsumenterna), men inga ”fisk-liknande” bismaker i köttet kunde påvisas. Att byta ut sojamjöl mot fiskmjöl som proteintillskott i renfoder hade inga negativa effekter på renarnas tillväxt, foderutnyttjande eller på renköttets kvalitet.

Effect of hypothyroidism on growth performance, carcass composition and meat quality of fat-tailed Lori-Bakhtiari lambs

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousef Baghcheghi ◽  
Ahmad Zare Shahneh ◽  
Mahdi Ganjkhanlou ◽  
Mahdi Khodaei Motlagh ◽  
Ali Reza Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Mild Hypothyroidism ◽  
Plasma Triiodothyronine

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of induction hypothyroidism by propylthiouracil (PTU) on the growth performance and meat quality of fat-tailed Lori-Bakhtiari lambs. Eighteen Lori-Bakhtiari male lambs were randomly assigned to one of three groups (n = 6) and received daily treatments (gavage) consisting of 0 (Control: C), 10 (Low: L) or 20 (High: H) mg PTU/kg bodyweight/day for 60 days. PTU decreased plasma triiodothyronine and thyroxine concentration in both L and H (P < 0.0001). Lambs treated with PTU (L and H) had lower feed intake (P < 0.004), feed conversion efficiency (P < 0.003), and greater intramuscular fat than C lambs (P < 0.035). Meat from the L and H lambs had lower cooking loss and shear force, and also higher L* (lightness) than C lambs (P < 0.004, P < 0.015 and P < 0.025, respectively). The meat of H and L lambs was more tender than C lambs (P < 0.032). However, the meat of H lambs required fewer chews before swallowing than C lambs (P < 0.041). Generally, induction of mild hypothyroidism appeared to improve feed conversion efficiency and meat quality of lambs.

scholarly journals Performance and Meat Quality of Dual-Purpose Cockerels of Dominant Genotype Reared on Pasture

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Englmaierová ◽  
Miloš Skřivan ◽  
Tomáš Taubner ◽  
Věra Skřivanová
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Ethical Problem ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Herbage Intake

The culling of layer cockerels due to economic inefficiency is an ethical problem. Organic or free-range fattening of these cockerels or dual-purpose genotypes breeding is a possible solution to this problem. The aim of the study was to assess the differences in performance and meat quality characteristics in dual-purpose cockerels Dominant of three genotypes (Dominant Sussex D 104, Dominant Brown D 102 and Dominant Tinted D 723, 100 cockerels per genotype) with access to pasture. The cockerels were housed in mobile boxes on the pasture herbage from the 50th to 77th day of age (stocking density: 0.108 m2/bird). The highest body weight on the 77th day of age (p < 0.001) and the nonsignificantly lowest feed conversion was achieved by Dominant Brown D 102 cockerels (1842 g and 2.79, respectively). Non-significantly higher pasture herbage intake on the 70th day of age was recorded in genotype Dominant Brown D 102 (7.41 g dry matter (DM)/bird/day) and Dominant Tinted D 723 (7.52 g DM/bird/day). The pasture herbage contained 56.9 mg/kg DM α-tocopherol, 170.3 mg/kg DM zeaxanthin and 175.0 mg/kg DM lutein and had a favourable n6/n3 ratio (0.26). The boiled meat of cockerels Dominant Tinted D723 showed the highest tenderness based on both the sensory evaluation (p = 0.022) and the value of shear force (p = 0.049). This corresponds with a higher (p < 0.001) cross-sectional area and muscle fibre diameter in these chickens. The highest content of n3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic, clupanodonic and docosahexaenoic acids) in breast meat were found in Dominant Sussex D104 chickens (p < 0.001). In contrast, a significantly higher α-tocopherol content (p < 0.001) and higher oxidative stability (p = 0.012) were found in Dominant Brown D102 (4.52 mg/kg and 0.282 mg/kg) and Dominant Tinted D 723 chickens (4.64 mg/kg and 0.273 mg/kg) in comparison with the Dominant Sussex D104 genotype (3.44 mg/kg and 0.313 mg/kg). The values of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes were the lowest (p < 0.001) in meat from Dominant Brown D102 chickens. Moreover, a lower cholesterol content (p < 0.001) was recorded from the genotypes Dominant Brown D102 (396 mg/kg) and Dominant Tinted D723 (306 mg/kg) chickens, contrary to the Dominant Sussex D104 cockerels (441 mg/kg). It can be concluded that cockerels Dominant Brown D102 are a suitable genotype for free-range rearing due to higher performance and higher pasture herbage intake, which positively influences meat quality, whereas the meat of Dominant Sussex D104 cockerels shows higher amounts of n3 fatty acids and lower n6/n3 ratios.

Effects of selection for lower backfat, and increased levels of dietary amino acids to digestible energy on growth performance, carcass merit and meat quality in boars, gilts, and barrows

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Grandhi ◽  
R. L. Cliplef
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Line ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Merit ◽  
Feeding Diets

Two experiments were conducted, using a total of 288 crossbred boars, gilts and barrows from the progeny of two Yorkshire sow lines, one kept as control, and the other selected for lower backfat thickness and increased growth rate for six generations. The lysine to DE (g MJ−1) levels used during grower (20 to 60 kg) and finisher (60 to 105 kg) periods, respectively, in the three diets (14.2 MJ DE kg−1) were: 1) 0.53 and 0.42 with no other supplemental amino acids except lysine, 2) 0.69 and 0.57 with supplemental threonine and methionine at a ratio of 0.65 and 0.30 to dietary lysine and 3) 0.85 and 0.72 with supplemental threonine and methionine at similar ratios as in diet 2. Feeding diets 2 and 3 increased (P < 0.05) the ADG and feed conversion efficiency of all pigs in both experiments, and this response was mainly during the grower period. Feeding diet 3 improved the growth rate more than diet 2 only in boars and gilts but not barrows. It also increased the feed conversion efficiency in exp. 2. The increased feed conversion efficiency response was higher in select than control line pigs, and in boars. Feeding diets 2 and 3 also improved the carcass merit but reduced the meat quality with an increased firmness and reduced marbling, juiciness, and flavour. The overall results indicated that an average daily intake of approximately 17 g of lysine (0.74 g MJ−1 DE), 11 g of threonine and 5 g of methionine during the grower period and 25 g lysine (0.62 g MJ−1 DE), 18 g threonine and 8 g methionine during finisher period optimized the growth performance, lean growth rate and carcass merit. This response tended to be higher in select than control line, and in boars and gilts than barrows. Key words: Lysine, amino acids, energy, growth, carcass, pigs

Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. M. Lucas ◽  
R. M. Livingstone ◽  
A. W. Boyne
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on fattening performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Atay ◽  
Ö. Gökdal ◽  
V. Eren ◽  
Ş. Çetiner ◽  
H. Yikilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

Abstract. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E supplementation on performance, slaughter-carcass characteristics and meat quality traits of Karya male lambs. Lambs weaned approximately at 10 weeks of age were divided into two groups. After the 10 days adaptation period, control group (CG, n7) and vitamin E group (VEG, n=6) lambs were fed on with concentrates ad libitum and 100 g hay/lamb/day for 70 days. In addition the VEG received a supplement on concentrates of 45 mg/lamb/day vitamin E during the fattening period. The meat quality traits were determined using m. longissimus dorsi (LD) obtained from split between 12th and 13th ribs on both groups lambs. Daily gain and feed conversion efficiency were 259 g and 5.3 for CG and 266 g and 4.7 for VEG, respectively. There was no vitamin E supplementation effect on the average daily weight gain and feed conversion efficiency (P>0.05). However, VEG had 10.5 % higher feed conversion efficiency than control lambs. Slaughter and carcass characteristics of lambs were not significantly affected from vitamin E supplementation (P>0.05). There were no effects of vitamin E supplementation on lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and pH during 12-day aerobic storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values at day 2 were not affected by the vitamin E treatment. However, TBARS values on day 4 and 8 (P<0.05), and day 12 (P<0.01) were higher in the CG than in the VEG. Although not significant, 10 % higher feed conversion efficiency in VEG animals might suggest that vitamin E supplementation is useful to improve fattening performance.

scholarly journals Dietary Green Seaweed Compromises Overall Feed Conversion Efficiency but not Blood Parameters and Meat Quality and Stability in Broiler Chickens

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Tumisang Ben Matshogo ◽  
Caven Mguvane Mnisi ◽  
Victor Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Green Seaweed

Using seaweeds as sources of nutrients and beneficial bioactive compounds can promote sustainable production of functional poultry products. This study investigated the physiological and meat quality responses of Cobb 500 broiler chickens to graded levels of green seaweed (Ulva sp.) meal (SWM). Three hundred, two-week-old male chicks (159.3 ± 11.76 g live-weight) were randomly assigned to five diets formulated by diluting a standard broiler diet with SWM at 0 (SW0), 20 (SW20), 25 (SW25), 30 (SW30) and 35 g/kg (SW35). There were neither linear nor quadratic trends (p > 0.05) for overall feed intake, overall growth performance and carcass and meat quality traits. Overall feed conversion efficiency (R2 = 0.192, p = 0.018) and spleen weights (R2 = 0.182; p = 0.020) linearly declined as SWM levels increased. Linear and quadratic responses (p > 0.05) were observed for lymphocytes. There were linear effects for meat pH except on day 7 of storage. Meat lightness (L*) linearly increased whereas meat redness (a*) quadratically responded to SWM levels (day 3 of storage). While an optimum inclusion level could not be established for seaweed based on growth performance, improvements in some meat shelf life indicators were observed in the broilers reared on seaweed-containing diets.

Effect of age, sex and slaughter weight on productive performance,carcass characteristics and meat quality of crossbred (Hampshire x Assam local) pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Borah ◽  
J. R. Bora ◽  
R. N. Borpuzari ◽  
A. Haque ◽  
R. Bhuyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Age And Sex

The effect of age of slaughter and sex on productive performance, carcass and meat quality characteristics was studied in 4 different age groups viz., T1 (7–8 months), T2 (9–10 months), T3 (11-12 months) and T4 (13-14 months). Each group consisted of 15 barrows and 15 gilts. With the advancement of age, feed conversion efficiency decreased significantly; however, sex did not seem to influence the feed conversion efficiency of crossbred pigs. Hot carcass weight increased linearly with the advancement of age. Carcass length increased with age but was not influenced by sex. The dressing percentage, back fat thickness, loin eye area were not affected by age and sex of the animal. Proximate composition and colour of pork Longissimus dorsi was not affected by the age and sex of the animal. Pork tenderness decreased with age.

Sewage-grown algae as a protein supplement for swine

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. F. Hintz ◽  
H. Heitman
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Algal Diets ◽  
Algal Diet

In two trials with 48 pigs it was found that when algae supplemented with certain B-vitamins replaced fish meal on an equal-nitrogen basis in a diet based on barley and fish meal there was no decrease in rate of gain or feed conversion efficiency. When vitamin B12 was omitted from the algal diet, there was a decrease in rate of gain. There were no consistent differences in carcass characteristics between pigs fed on the algal diets and those fed ondiets containing fish meal. Digestibility studies indicated that algae are low in digestible energy, but their protein is 70% digestible.

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