scholarly journals The occurrence and prevalence of potentially zoonotic enteropathogens in

Rangifer ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Kemper ◽  
Ansgar Aschfalk ◽  
Christiane Höller
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The information about pathogens excreted by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) that might represent a health risk to humans and animals is insufficient. The objectives of this study are to find the occurrence and prevalence of important potentially enteropathogenic, zoonotic bacteria and parasites in reindeer. Faecal samples from clinically healthy, semi-domesticated reindeer (n=2243) from northern regions of Finland and Norway were examined for important potentially enteropathogenic bacteria (Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Yersinia spp.) and parasites (Cryptosporidium spp.) following standard procedures. Escherichia coli were isolated in 2123 (94.7%), Enterococcus spp. in 2084 (92.9%), Yersinia spp. in 108 (4.8%) samples and Campylobacter sp., identified as C. hyointestinalis, in one sample only (0.04%). Neither Salmonella spp. nor Cryptosporidium-oocysts were detected. This study clearly shows that E. coli and Enterococcus spp. belong to the normal intestinal flora of healthy reindeer. However, only few of the isolated E. coli-strains possess genes encoding stx1 (0.14%), stx2 (0%), eae (0.52%) and hlyEHEC (0.99%), detected by PCR, that have the ability to cause health problems in humans and also animals. The isolated Yersinia spp. were further analysed for virulence factors, but examinations revealed no pathogenic strains. The public health risk due to excretion of important enteropathogenic microorganisms from reindeer has to be considered very low at present but a putative epidemiological threat to human health might arise when herding conditions are changed towards intensification and crowding. This study was performed as part of the EU-project RENMAN (www.urova.fi/home/renman/). Abstract in Norwegian / Sammendrag: Det er mangelfull kunnskap om hvorvidt det i reinmøkk kan finnes mikroorganismer som kan representere en helserisiko for dyr og mennesker. Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke forekomsten av mulige sykdomsfremkallende mikroorganismer i reinmøkk. Prøver av reinmøkk ble samlet fra 2243 klinisk friske tamrein i nordre deler av Finland og Norge. Prøvene ble undersøkt for bakteriene Campylobacter spp., Enterococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. og parasitten Cryptosporidium spp. ved bruk av standardiserte laboratoriemetoder. E. coli ble funnet i 2123 prøver (94,7%), Enterococcus spp. i 2084 prøver (92,9%) og Yersinia spp. i 108 prøver (4,8%). Campylobacter spp., identifisert som Campylobacter hyointestinalis, ble bare funnet i én prøve (0,04%). Salmonella spp. og Cryptosporidium spp. ble ikke påvist. Videre undersøkelser av E. coli viste at bare svært få (<1%) av isolatene hadde gener som kodet for mulige sykdomsfremkallende toksiner. Videre undersøkelser av Yersinia spp. viste at ingen av disse isolatene var sykdomsfremkallende. Studien viser at helserisikoen knyttet til de undersøkte mikroorganismene i reinmøkk må betraktes som svært liten.

scholarly journals Etiology of acute diarrhea among children in Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Inês Cazentini MEDEIROS ◽  
Suzel Nogueira NEME ◽  
Paulo da SILVA ◽  
Divani Maria CAPUANO ◽  
Maria Clarice ERRERA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Diarrhea ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

To study the main enteropathogens causing diarrhea in the region of Ribeirão Preto regarding serogroups and serotypes, the feces of 1836 children under 10 years old, from both sexes, attack of acute gastroenteritis, were analysed during a period of 4 years in Adolfo Lutz Institute - Ribeirão Preto, SP. The pathogens identified by standard methods were the following: Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp. Positive samples were 22.8% (419) with 1.7% association of pathogens. Larger isolates were mainly from children 0 to 11 months old. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) was most frequent (8.7%) with predominance of serogroup O119 (40.2%), followed by Shigella (6.2%), 63.6% of which S. sonnei.

Mexican unpasteurised fresh cheeses are contaminated with Salmonella spp., non-O157 Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli and potential uropathogenic E. coli strains: A public health risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 237 ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Guzman-Hernandez ◽  
Araceli Contreras-Rodriguez ◽  
Rosa Hernandez-Velez ◽  
Iza Perez-Martinez ◽  
Ahide Lopez-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Public Health Risk ◽  
E Coli

Potential for the Spread of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in the Lairage Environment at Abattoirs

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 931-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SMALL ◽  
C.-A. REID ◽  
S. M. AVERY ◽  
N. KARABASIL ◽  
C. CROWLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Movement ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Meat Safety ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Prevalences of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. were examined in 270 swabs taken from selected sites along the unloading-to-slaughter routes of animal movement in lairages of six commercial abattoirs, three for cattle and three for sheep. The overall prevalences of the pathogens in the respective lairage environments were compared with those for 270 swabs from the pelts of 90 lambs examined in the present study and 270 swabs from the hides of 90 cattle examined in a previous study that were slaughtered at the same abattoirs on the same days. Also, the results obtained were analyzed with the aim of identifying critical points at which animal-environment-animal transfer of the pathogens in lairages occurs. The results showed that (i) the overall prevalences of E. coli O157, Salmonella spp., and Campylobacter spp. were 27.2, 6.1, and 1.1%, respectively, in cattle lairages and 2.2, 1.1, and 5.6%, respectively, in sheep lairages; (ii) the overall prevalences of the three pathogens on cow hides (28.8, 17.7, and 0%, respectively) and sheep pelts (5.5, 7.8, and 0%, respectively) were higher than the overall prevalences in the respective lairage environments; (iii) the most frequently contaminated sites in cattle lairages were holding pen floors (50% of swabs positive for one or more pathogens), entrance gates of stun boxes (27.8% of swabs positive for one or more pathogens), and stun box floors (22.2% of swabs positive for one or more pathogens); (iv) the most frequently contaminated sites in sheep lairages were unloading ramp floors, holding pen floors, and water troughs (33.3, 22.2, and 22.2%, respectively); and (v) overall, cattle lairages and cow hides were more frequently contaminated with the pathogens than were lamb lairages and lamb pelts. Further research is needed to develop strategies for the incorporation of pathogen control in lairages into integrated microbial meat safety systems.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Enteropathogenic Bacteria in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Larus michahellis) in Southern Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Tamara Pasqualina Russo ◽  
Antonino Pace ◽  
Lorena Varriale ◽  
Luca Borrelli ◽  
Antonio Gargiulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Enteric Diseases ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Larus Michahellis ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Wild birds may host and spread pathogens, integrating the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Particularly, Larus spp. have been described as responsible for the spread of many enteric diseases, primarily because of their large populations at landfill sites. The aim of this study was to examine the role of yellow-legged gulls as a source of enteropathogenic bacteria such as Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Yersinia spp., with particular attention to antibiotic-resistant strains. Enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 93/225 yellow-legged gulls examined from April to July, during a four-year period (2016–2019). Specifically, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 60/225 samples (26.7%), and identified as C. coli (36/60) and as C. jejuni (24/60). Salmonella spp. was isolated from 3/225 samples (1.3%), and identified as Salmonella arizonae. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were isolated from 30/225 samples (13.3%) samples, and serotyped as E. coli O128 (12/30) O26 (9/30), O157 (6/30) and O11 (3/30); Yersinia spp. was never detected. Isolated strains exhibited multidrug resistance, including vitally important antibiotics for human medicine (i.e., fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines). Our study emphasizes the importance of yellow-legged gulls as potential reservoirs of pathogenic and resistant strains and their involvement in the dissemination of these bacteria across different environments, with resulting public health concerns.

scholarly journals Diarréia em bezerros da raça Nelore criados extensivamente: estudo clínico e etiológico

2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Oliveira Filho ◽  
Daniel P.G. Silva ◽  
Marcelo D. Pacheco ◽  
Luciene M. Mascarini ◽  
Marcio G. Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp

A diarréia é considerada uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade de bezerros neonatos. Foram colhidas 100 amostras fecais diarréicas e 30 amostras não diarréicas (grupo controle), de bezerros Nelore com até nove semanas de idade com o objetivo de detectar os enteropatógenos Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, rotavírus, coronavírus, Cryptosporidium spp. e ovos de helmintos. Enteropatógenos foram detectados em 79,0% das amostras diarréicas e em 70,0% das amostras não-diarréicas. No grupo de bezerros com diarréia, E. coli (69,0%) foi o agente mais freqüentemente isolado, seguido de Cryptosporidium spp. (30,0%), coronavírus (16,0%) e rotavírus (11,0%). No grupo controle, E. coli, Cryptosporidium spp. e coronavírus foram detectados, respectivamente, em 66,7%, 10,0% e 3,3% das amostras. Salmonella spp. e ovos de estrongilídeos não foram encontrados nos dois grupos avaliados. A fímbria K99 foi identificada exclusivamente nas linhagens de E. coli isoladas de bezerros com diarréia (5,8%). Entre os antimicrobianos avaliados "in vitro" a enrofloxacina, a norfloxacina e a gentamicina foram os mais efetivos. O peso dos bezerros aos 210 dias de idade não apresentou diferença significativa entre os animais com e sem diarréia.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study on enteropathogenic infections of livestock in Trinidad

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Adesiyun ◽  
J.S. Kaminjolo ◽  
M. Ngeleka ◽  
A. Mutani ◽  
G. Borde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Yersinia Enterocolitica ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A longitudinal study was conducted on selected livestock farms to determine the prevalence of enteropathogens in diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic animals. The enteropathogens assayed from faecal samples and rectal swabs were bacteria (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp. Salmonella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica), parasites (coccidia, gastrointestinal nematodes and Cryptosporidium spp.) and viruses (group A rotavirus and parvovirus). The prevalence of the enteropathogens in various animal species was related to age and month of the year. Generally, younger animals presented a higher prevalence of infection by enteropathogens than older animals while most infections occurred between the months of January and April.

Bacteriologic Quality of Some Trinidadian Ready-to-Consume Foods and Drinks and Possible Health Risks to Consumers

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

The bacteriologic quality of 10 ready-to-consume Trinidadian foods and drinks was determined by culturing for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and thermophilic Campylobacter spp. The toxigenicity of S. aureus and E. coli strains was determined and the susceptibility of S. aureus isolates to bacteriophages was also investigated. Of a total of 293 food samples tested, 58 (19.8%), 30 (10.2%), and 10 (3.4%) were positive for S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella spp., respectively. All samples were negative for Campylobacter but only two food types, chutney and preserved fruits, were negative in all pathogen assays. The sausage known as black pudding (boudin noir) was significantly (P ≤ 0.001; χ2 more contaminated with S. aureus (73.0%) than other foods and was also significantly (P ≤ 0.0l; χ2) more contaminated (43.2%) than all other foods except seamoss (33.3%) and roti (20.0%), where the difference was not significant (P ≥ 0.05; χ2). Black pudding also yielded all 10 strains of Salmonella isolated; the prevalent serotypes were S. agona (4 isolates) and S. derby (3 isolates). All 30 isolates of E. coli were negative for heat-labile enterotoxins (LT) and verotoxins (VT). Of the 58 S. aureus isolates, 33 (56.9%) were susceptible to bacteriophages with 19 (70.4%) of 20 black-pudding and 12 (66.7%) of 18 ice-cream isolates typeable. None of the isolates recovered from local sweets, snow cones, and roti was typeable. Regardless of the food source, strains of S. aureus were most susceptible to phages in various groups (mixed) constituting 21 (63.6%) of 33 strains typeable, followed by phages in groups III (18.2%) and V (15.2%). Twenty-two (37.9%) strains of S. aureus were enterotoxigenic with 8 (13.8%), 5 (8.6%), 13 (22.4%), and 12 (20.7%) strains producing, either singly or mixed, Staphylococcal enterotoxins A(SEA), B(SEB), C(SEC), and D(SED) respectively. It was concluded that black pudding, a local delicacy, poses the greatest health risk to consumers, making it imperative to institute sanitary measures during its production and sale.

scholarly journals Microbiologia da água de poços semiartesianos da zona rural de Aparecida D’Oeste, São Paulo

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Glauder Correa ◽  
Luciano Ricardo de Oliveira ◽  
Dora Inés Kozusny-Andreani ◽  
Juliana Heloisa Pinê Américo-Pinheiro ◽  
Danila Fernanda Rodrigues Frias
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enterococcus Spp ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

A qualidade e inocuidade da água são fatores importantes para a saúde pública, pois a mesma pode servir como veiculadora de patógenos que causam diversas enfermidades nos seres humanos e animais. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de poços semiartesianos da zona rural de Aparecida D’Oeste, São Paulo, verificando os principais fatores associados à sua contaminação. O estudo foi realizado em 50 propriedades rurais. As amostras foram coletadas em frasco de vidro com tampa estéril de 1000 mL estéril, na válvula de saída do poço, após prévio bombeamento de 10 minutos. As amostras foram submetidas à determinação do número mais provável de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes e contagem de microrganismos mesófilos. Para contagem de mesófilos e verificação da presença de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, utilizou-se Ágar Triptone Soja, Caldo Lauril Sulfato, Caldo Verde Brilhante e Ágar de Levine. As colônias que não foram identificadas como Escherichia coli foram submetidas a testes bioquímicos. No período de estiagem, 31 propriedades (62%) apresentaram presença de mesófilos, 39 de coliformes totais (78%) e 14 coliformes termotolerantes (28%), sendo estes E. coli, Klebsiella spp., e Enterococcus spp. No período das chuvas, 21 propriedades (42%) apresentaram presença de mesófilos, 33 coliformes totais (66%) e 7 coliformes termotolerantes (14%), sendo estes E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterococcus spp., Proteus spp. e Salmonella spp. Pode-se concluir que existe contaminação nas águas de poços semiartesianos e que é de grande importância promover trabalho de educação a população sobre a importância da qualidade da água e das doenças de veiculação hídrica.

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