scholarly journals The bacterial population adherent to plant particles in the rumen of reindeer fed lichen, timothy hay or silage

Rangifer ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Alterskjær Olsen ◽  
Svein Disch Mathiesen
Keyword(s):  
Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus ◽  
Wet Weight

Male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) calves taken from a natural winter pasture were given ad lib. access to lichen (n = 3), timothy silage (n = 3) and hay (n = 3) for 7 weeks. Median numbers of viable anaerobic bacteria adherent to the plant particles (cells/g wet weight of rumen solids), growing on a habitat simulating medium (M8V), were significantly higher (P = 0.05) in the rumen of reindeer fed lichen (26.5 x 109- 53.0 x 109) and hay (4.0 x 109- 40.5 x 109), compared to reindeer fed silage (1.15 x 109 - 3.25 x 109). Anaerobic bacterial strains (n = 551) from the plant particles obtained from the rumen of the nine reindeer examined, were isolated using an acid swollen cellulose medium (M8SC) and tested for their ability to hydrolyse carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The proportion of CMC hydrolysing adherent bacteria isolated from M8SC was significantly higher in reindeer fed hay (21.5%) compared ro animals fed lichen (5.3%) and silage (2.7%) (P = 0.05). The CMC hydrolysing bacterial srrains (n=42) isolated from reindeer fed hay where characterised as non-cellulolytic Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (9.5%), cellulolytic B. fibrisolvens (50.0%), Clostridium sp. (2.4%) and unknowns (38.1%), while CMC hydrolysing strains (n=11) isolated from animals fed lichen and strains (n=4) isolated from animals fed silage where all characterised as B. fibrisolvens. None of the bacterial strains isolated from the rumen solids of reindeer fed lichen or silage were found to be cellulolytic. This study suggests that both lichen and timothy silage have a negative influence, compared to hay, on the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria adherent to the plant particles in the rumen of reindeer.

scholarly journals Nitrite-producing oral microbiome in adults and children

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuria Sato-Suzuki ◽  
Jumpei Washio ◽  
Dimas Prasetianto Wicaksono ◽  
Takuichi Sato ◽  
Satoshi Fukumoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilm ◽  
Griess Reagent ◽  
Overlay Method ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Wet Weight

Abstract Recently, it was suggested that the nitrite (NO2−) produced from NO3− by oral bacteria might contribute to oral and general health. Therefore, we aimed to clarify the detailed information about the bacterial NO2-production in the oral biofilm. Dental plaque and tongue-coating samples were collected, then the NO2-producing activity was measured. Furthermore, the composition of the NO2−-producing bacterial population were identified using the Griess reagent-containing agar overlay method and molecular biological method. NO2−-producing activity per mg wet weight varied among individuals but was higher in dental plaque. Additionally, anaerobic bacteria exhibited higher numbers of NO2−-producing bacteria, except in the adults’ dental plaque. The proportion of NO2−-producing bacteria also varied among individuals, but a positive correlation was found between NO2−-producing activity and the number of NO2−-producing bacteria, especially in dental plaque. Overall, the major NO2−-producing bacteria were identified as Actinomyces, Schaalia, Veillonella and Neisseria. Furthermore, Rothia was specifically detected in the tongue coatings of children. These results suggest that dental plaque has higher NO2−-producing activity and that this activity depends not on the presence of specific bacteria or the bacterial compositions, but on the number of NO2−-producing bacteria, although interindividual differences were detected.

The engulfment and digestion of mixed rumen bacteria and individual bacterial species by single and mixed species of rumen ciliate protozoa grownin vivo

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 729-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Coleman ◽  
Deborah C. Sandford
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Rumen Bacterium ◽  
Rumen Bacteria ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Rumen Protozoa ◽  
Ciliate Protozoa

SUMMARYFive species of rumen ciliate protozoa, isolated from sheep in which they were the only ciliate protozoon, and mixed rumen ciliates were incubated with labelled bacteria and the rate of uptake and digestion of the bacteria was followed. Evidence is presented that mixed rumen bacteria labelled by incubation with14C-isoleucine,14C-guanine or35S-sulphate were engulfed more rapidly by the protozoa than those labelled with14C-glucose but that, withEntodiniumspp. at least, this apparent lower rate of uptake was associated with an increased rate of digestion. The rate of uptake of mixed rumen bacteria (at 109/ml) varied from 230 to 2670 bacteria/protozoon per hour, depending on the protozoal species, and increased with increasing bacterial population density. Starvation of the protozoa decreased the initial rate of uptake of bacteria by up to 60% and the length of time over which the protozoa would engulf bacteria.Entodiniumspp. andEpidinium ecaudatum caudatumengulfed fewer bacteria when these bacteria were prepared from the same sheep as the protozoa than when they were prepared from sheep with no or other protozoal populations. Of the protozoa tested, onlyEntodiniumspp. and the mixed large rumen protozoa digested mixed rumen bacteria,Eremoplastron bovisandEpidinium ecaudatum caudatumbeing inactive. It is suggested that previous estimates of the rate of uptake and digestion of bacteria based on studiesin vitrowere too high.The non-rumen bacteriaEschericfoia coliandKlebsiella aerogenesand the rumen bacteriumMegasphaera elsdeniiwere not or only poorly taken up by the protozoa.Entodiniumspp. selectively engulfed bacteria of rumen origin and digested two cellulolytic bacteria rapidly. In contrast,Eremplastron bovisengulfed these cellulolytio bacteria more slowly than other bacteria.Entodiniumspp. and the large rumen protozoa digested more bacterial species than the other protozoa butButyrivibrio fibrisolvenswas digested more rapidly than other bacteria by all the protozoa.

scholarly journals Clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by Babesia capreoli in captive reindeer ( Rangifer tarandus tarandus ) in the Netherlands

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. Bos ◽  
Fokko C. Klip ◽  
Hein Sprong ◽  
Els M. Broens ◽  
Marja J.L. Kik
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus Tarandus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document