scholarly journals Palatability of two artificial feeds for reindeer

Rangifer ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Arne Rognmo ◽  
Karstein Bye
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Artificial Diets ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Mill Waste ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Two groups of 15 reindeer were used to test the palatability of two artificial diets. None of the animals had experienced the diets before. Trials were carried out from April to mid May. Each group of animals was kept in a separate corral (600 sq. meters). Both groups were fed lichens for three days befort trials began. Then they were offered a concentrate feed (RF-80) or «Mill Waste Product» (MWP) ad libitum. Both groups ate little or nothing for the first three days of the trial and so lichens were mixed with the two experimental feeds. The mean voluntary food intake of the RF-80-group increased from 0.8 Kg/day/animal to 1.8 Kg/day/animal after three weeks. A mixed feed, RF-80/lichen, was only used the first day for animals in the RF-80 group. Reindeer refused to eat MWP for twelve days despite mixing it with lichens. They were then offered RF-80 ad lib. without a mixture of lichens. The mean voluntary intake of these animals increased from 1.3 Kg RF-80/day/animal on day 13 to 2.3 Kg/day/animal by day 26. Two calves in the MWP-group got diarrhoea after refeeding with RF-80.

Voluntary food intake in relation to body weight among British breeds of cattle

1986 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
St C. S. Taylor ◽  
A. J. Moore ◽  
R. B. Thiessen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

ABSTRACTVoluntary food intake and body weight were examined over 4-week intervals between 14 and 70 weeks of age in 306 females from 25 British breeds of cattle. At each age, the relationship of the natural logarithm of voluntary food intake to that of body weight was examined by linear regression both within and between breeds.Of the total variation in voluntary food intake, the proportion accounted for by body weight was extremely high between breeds (phenotypically, 0·80 or more; genetically 0·88 or more, at most ages) but phenotypically low within breeds (0·33 or less). The mean voluntary intake of a breed at any age could be predicted from its mean body weight at the same age with a coefficient of variation (CV) among breeds that declined with age from 0·08 to 0·04. Within breeds, the corresponding CV for individual intake was between 0·12 and 0·15 beyond 9 months of age, and even higher at early ages.Within breeds, the regression coefficient of log intake on log body weight was close to the value of 0·7 at all ages. Between breeds, it was over 0·8 at early ages, declining to about 0·7 beyond 1 year of age. Thus, genetically larger breeds voluntarily consumed relatively more food at early ages compared with later ages. Breed size should therefore be taken into account when recommending food intake requirements. Breed deviations for high and low appetite are discussed.

The effect of pregnancy in heifers on voluntary intake, total rumen contents, digestibility and rate of passage

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Lamberth
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Food Particles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Food Residues ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

In two experiments using twin heifers with one of each pair pregnant, the effect of advanced pregnancy on the voluntary food intake, dry matter digestibility and rate of passage of food residues, was studied. In the first experiment sorghum silage was fed ad lib. In the second experiment lucerne chaff was fed at ad lib. and restricted levels and, in addition to the measurements listed above, the quantity of reticulo-rumen contents was determined in each animal. In both experiments each of the pregnant heifers ate less than their non-pregnant CO-twins, and, on analysis of all the data on ad lib. feeding, the differences were significant (P<0.01). The mean coefficients of dry matter digestibility for the pregnant heifers were significantly (P<0.01) less than those for non-pregnant heifers. This caused a significantly (P<0.01) lower intake of digestible dry matter by the pregnant heifers. Measurements of the contents of the reticulo-rumen and the rate of passage of food particles gave inconclusive results. These experiments demonstrated that there was a depression of voluntary intake in late pregnancy the cause of which is not known. This would be nutritionally significant only when the quality and voluntary intake of food were marginal.

Prediction of voluntary intake of grass silage by lactating cows

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
A. J. Rook ◽  
M. Gill ◽  
R. D. Willink
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

Prediction of voluntary food intake is Important in the formulation of rations for dairy cows. There are a number of prediction models which perform relatively well for diets based on dry forages but not for silage based diets (Neal, Thomas and Cobby, 1984). Prediction of intake of silage based diets is particularly important in the UK where 0.85 of the conserved forage fed to dairy cows is silage. A large and increasing proportion of herds are fed silage ad-libitum and concentrates at a flat rate. This study was an attempt to produce better prediction models for voluntary intake of silage by dairy cows under this feeding regime.

Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. van Wieren
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Organic Matter Digestibility ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

AbstractThe digestibility and voluntary intake of fibrous roughages and acorns was studied in six wild boar and five Meishan pigs. The neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) concentration of the diets ranged from 139 to 767 g/kg of the organic matter. Organic matter digestibility of acorns, mixed grass and wheat straw was higher in wild boar (P < 0·05) while voluntary food intake of the Meishan pigs was higher for mixed grass, hay and wheat straw (P < 0·05). Organic matter digestibility (P < 0·01) and NDF digestibility (P < 0·05) were both negatively related to NDF concentration of the diet. No relationship existed between voluntary food intake and NDF concentration of the diet. The apparent nitrogen (N) digestibility was positively related (P < 0·01) to dietary N while no relationship was found with dietary NDF. The negative effect of NDF on digestibility could only be partly explained by the lignin concentration of NDF. Much more important was the lower efficiency of the carbohydrate fermentation in the caecum and colon when compared with the direct absorption of glucose from the small intestine. It was estimated that digestible NDF at a maximum contributed proportionately 0·26 to the metabolizable energy intake of the animals. It was concluded that wild boar and domestic pigs should be able to maintain themselves on an all fresh grass diet when NDF concentration of the diet does not exceed about 550 g/kg and N concentration is not too low.

Photoperiodic entrainment of seasonal changes in appetite and growth in pony colts

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 133-133
Author(s):  
Z. Fuller ◽  
J.E. Cox ◽  
C. McG. Argo
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Forage Availability ◽  
Photoperiodic Regime ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Pelleted Diet ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

During winter, voluntary food intake (VFI) and growth decreased in light horse weanlings given ad libitum access to a forage/concentrate diet (Cymbaluk et al, 1989). These changes were attributed to decreased ambient temperatures. However, photoperiodically entrained seasonal changes in VFI and growth are documented in other Northern ungulates (Moen, 1978) and may comprise an adaptation to changes in forage availability. Throughout their evolution, horses experienced similar environmental pressures and may demonstrate similar photoperiodic adaptations. This study characterised changes in VFI and growth in pony colts maintained under an artificial photoperiodic regime.Seven, 2 year-old pony colts of Welsh Mountain type (182.4 ± 5.4 kg), were obtained from pasture (53°N). Animals were individually housed in loose-boxes, within a light-proof building. Measured quantities of a complete pelleted diet (gross energy = 16.7 MJ.kgDM-1), calculated to exceed appetite by at least 1 kg, were offered daily.

scholarly journals Effect of fat supplementation on voluntary food intake and rumen metabolism in sheep

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kowalczyk ◽  
E. R. ørskov ◽  
J. J. Robinson ◽  
C. S. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Propionic Acid ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Supplementation ◽  
Cotton Thread ◽  
Rumen Metabolism ◽  
Liquid Suspension ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

1. In an experiment in which a high-fat supplement was given in the dry form to lambs offered dried grass ad lib., both the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were reduced. When the high-fat supplement was given in a liquid suspension so that the rumen was by-passed, the voluntary intake and digestibility of the dried grass were not significantly altered.2. The effect of injecting an emulsion of tallow into the rumen of sheep on rumen metabolism was studied in another experiment. Increasing the fat supplementation lowered the rate of digestion of both dried grass and cotton thread, lowered markedly the concentration of rumen ammonia, and raised the proportion of propionic acid in the rumen.

Growth and herbage consumption of grazing Merino and Border Leicester lambs reared by their mothers or fostered by ewes of the other breed

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Langlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Food Intake

SUMMARYEight Border Leicester castrated male lambs (wethers) were fostered on to 8 Merino ewes (MB) at birth, and 10 Merino wethers were fostered on to Border Leicester ewes (BM). Two additional groups of 10 wethers consisted of Border Leicester lambs (BB) and Merino lambs (MM) reared by their natural mothers. The lambs and ewes grazed together and growth rate, and milk and herbage consumption of the lambs were recorded.Live-weight gains to weaning at 74 days were 275, 245, 204 and 184 g/day for groups BB, MB, BM and MM respectively. Lambs reared by Border Leicester ewes received more milk and consumed less grass than lambs of similar genotype reared by Merinos, but BM lambs consumed less milk than BB lambs. Merino lambs also consumed less grass than Border Leicester lambs.It was concluded that Merinos grew more slowly than Border Leicester lambs primarily because of their lower voluntary food intake. The lower milk production of Merino ewes was considered to be of secondary significance since if herbage is available ad libitum, lambs with high voluntary intakes will compensate for the lack of milk by consuming more forage.

Effects of supplement type and previous experience on variability in intake of supplements by heifers

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Dixon ◽  
A. White ◽  
P. Fry ◽  
J. C. Petherick
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Lithium Sulfate ◽  
Native Pasture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Supplement Intake

Intakes, and variability in intakes, of a range of supplements were examined in groups (n = 10–20) of cattle grazing tropical native pasture in 24-ha paddocks. Intakes of supplement by individual animals were measured using lithium sulfate as a marker. In Expt 1, heifers (n = 160) were offered 1 of 4 supplements consisting of (i) a restricted amount of cottonseed meal (CSM); or ad libitum amounts of (ii) molasses containing 74 g urea/kg (M8U), (iii) a loose mineral mix (LMM) containing (g/kg) salt 390, urea 300, CSM 150, calcium phosphate 150, and sulfur 10, and (iv) feed block supplements containing (g/kg) molasses 494, urea 99, calcium phosphate 62, salt 62, bran 62, calcium oxide 148, and magnesium oxide 74. After 5 and 10 weeks the variation in supplement intake among heifers within a group was lower (P < 0.05) for CSM and M8U (coefficient of variation (CV) 24–37%) than for the LMM or block supplements (CV 55–118%). All heifers offered CSM or M8U consumed at least some supplement, but up to 5% and 20% of heifers were non-eaters of LMM or block supplement, respectively. Both the per�cent non-eaters of supplement and the variability in intake of these latter supplements tended (P < 0.10) to decline as the experiment progressed. In Expt 2 the same heifers were re-allocated to paddock groups and were offered ad libitum supplements of (i) M8U, (ii) molasses containing 107 g urea/kg (M12U), (iii) M8U mixed with monensin (M8U-M), or (iv) M8U mixed with meatmeal (M8U-MM). The CV of supplement intake ranged from 37 to 58%, and except in one paddock group offered M8U-MM, all heifers consumed at least some supplement. In Expt�3, paddock groups of heifers (n = 120) without, or with experience of LMM supplements during the previous dry season were offered LMM supplements containing either nil or 300�g CSM/kg. Voluntary intake of LMM supplement DM was increased (P < 0.001) by 93% by inclusion of CSM and decreased (P < 0.05) by 24% by previous experience of a similar LMM supplement. Neither variability in supplement intake (CV 66–150%) nor the per�cent non-eaters was significantly (P > 0.05) affected by previous experience of the heifers with LMM supplements or inclusion of CSM in the supplement. However, the per cent non-eaters of LMM supplement was inversely related to the mean voluntary intake of the supplement by the paddock group; when the average voluntary intake of the supplement by the paddock group exceeded 0.2 g DM/kg LW.day, then ≤10% of heifers were non-eaters of supplement. In conclusion, within groups of heifers offered LMM and block supplements the variability in intake and per cent non-eaters of supplement were higher than for cottonseed meal or molasses-urea supplements, and variability appeared to be associated with voluntary intake of the supplements.

The effects of urea supplements on the utilization of straw plus molasses diets by sheep

1963 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Coombe ◽  
DE Tribe
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Dietary Nitrogen ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Food Intake Rate

Three experiments with sheep were carried out to investigate the effect of urea, added to a diet of straw plus molasses, on roughage intake and digestion, and on the nitrogen status of the animal. Urea, added to straw and molasses at the level of 3% of the amount of straw, increased the ad libitum food intake, rate of cellulose (cotton thread) digestion in the rumen, and rate of passage of food through the gut. When different amounts of urea were fed, the highest levels of intake, rate of cellulose digestion, and rate of passage occurred with 8–16 g urea per sheep per day. Increasing the amount of urea fed to 32 g per day caused significant decreases in rate of passage and intake, within diets containing urea. These were not accompanied by significant changes in rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. With diets of straw and molasses, with and without urea, crude fibre digestibility was positively correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Voluntary intake of these diets was positively correlated with rate of passage. When the effect of rate of passage was eliminated, voluntary intake was not significantly correlated with the rate of cellulose digestion in the rumen. Under the feeding conditions used in these experiments, once sufficient urea had been added to the diet to bring the animal into a small, positive nitrogen balance, additional dietary nitrogen supplied as urea was practically all excreted in the urine. It is concluded that, under these feeding conditions, the primary function of a urea supplement is to enable an animal to maintain nitrogen equilibrium rather than store significant amounts of nitrogen in the body.

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