scholarly journals (No) competition between deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives in Spanish

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-283
Author(s):  
Barbara Schirakowski
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Argument Realization ◽  
Transitive Verbs ◽  
Corpus Data

This paper explores the distribution of deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives that are built on transitive verbs and occur in eventive interpretations. The study is empirically oriented and based on an acceptability judgment experiment in which argument realization and interpretational possibilities are manipulated as the independent variables. The results show that deverbal nouns prefer but are not limited to realizing the lower argument of the base, whereas nominalized infinitives are mostly restricted to realizing the higher argument. Furthermore, deverbal nouns turn out to be insensitive with regard to the distinction between episodic and generic event readings, while nominalized infinitives are shown to be specialized on generic interpretations. Deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives are, thus, mostly neither paradigmatically interchangeable nor complementarily distributed as nominalized infinitives reach the same degree of acceptability as deverbal nouns only under very narrow conditions. With regard to the ecological validity of the experimental approach, a comparison to corpus data indicates that high frequency clearly correlates with acceptability, but that the same does not hold for low frequency and unacceptability, that is forms that are not (sufficiently) attested in the corpus do not necessarily receive low ratings within the judgment task. The study, thus, also addresses a number of methodological issues in the study of event nominals.

scholarly journals The Impact of Physical Environment and Regional Image on Tourist’s Experiential Values and Feelings: An Example of Nanzhuang Area in Taiwan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Shwu-Ing Wu ◽  
Li Chia Huang
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Frequency Group ◽  
Experiential Value ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Independent Variables

With the booming global tourism activities, many countries around the world are actively promoting regional tourism. Thus, understanding the tourists’ needs is important in developing tourism promotion strategies. With Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County as the case study, this paper discusses the influence of the two independent variables, the tangible physical environment and the intangible regional image, tourists’ experiential value and the feelings after tourism. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on tourists who have visited Nanzhuang Township, Miaoli County, by convenience sampling, in order to construct the model of regional experience marketing effect. A total of 743 effective samples were retrieved. After analysis by structural equation modeling (SEM), it is found that: (1) the physical environment has a positive and significant influence on the tourists’ experiential value; (2) regional image has a positive and significant influence on the tourist’s experiential value; (3) the experiential value has a positive and significant influence on satisfaction; (4) satisfaction has a positive and significant influence on trust and commitment; (5) trust has no significant influence on commitment. Regarding the two independent variables, regional image has more influence. In addition, after comparing the group models by clustering with the high and low frequency of the number of visits, it is found that there are some differences between the high frequency group and the low frequency group, where the regional image of the high frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value and the physical environment of the low frequency group has a greater influence on the experiential value. The findings can serve as reference for the local government and the tourism operators to develop regional marketing strategies.

Are Chinese Correlative Conjunctions Psychologically Real? An Investigation of the Combination Frequency Effect

2016 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-123
Author(s):  
Lingyue Kong ◽  
John X. Zhang ◽  
Yongwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Frequency Effect ◽  
Combination Frequency ◽  
Grammaticality Judgment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Combination Frequencies

The present study used an online grammaticality judgment task to examine whether Chinese discontinuous correlative conjunctions are psychologically real in mental lexicon. High- and low-frequency discontinuous correlative conjunctions were compared with random combinations differing in combination frequencies but matched for constituent word frequency. Forty graduate students participated in the study. Results showed that responses were faster and more accurate for high-frequency correlative conjunctions than low-frequency ones, but the effects were absent for random combinations. The results indicate that Chinese discontinuous correlative conjunctions have psychological reality in mental lexicon in addition to the representation of their constituent words, and that grammatical functions of correlative conjunctions may be a critical factor for the formation of such holistic representations.

Effects of verb–construction association on second language constructional generalizations in production and comprehension

2020 ◽  
pp. 026765832093262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Chang Sung ◽  
Hyunwoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Association Strength ◽  
Corpus Study ◽  
Resultative Constructions ◽  
Learner Corpus ◽  
L2 Learners

How strongly a verb is associated with a construction plays a crucial role in the learning of argument structure constructions. We examined the effect of verb–construction association strength on second language (L2) constructional generalization by analysing L2 learners’ production and comprehension of two complex constructions (i.e. ditransitive and resultative), comparable in constructional complexity and input frequency but distinctive in verb–construction association. Using a learner corpus study, we found greater verbal usage variability in the production of ditransitive rather than resultative constructions. The results of an acceptability judgment task indicated that L2 learners accepted the ditransitive sentences regardless of whether they contained high-frequency or low-frequency verbs, but learners were more likely to accept the resultative sentences when they read high-frequency rather than low-frequency verbs. These findings suggest that verb–construction association affects the learning of argument structure constructions, supporting its contribution to the constructional generalization.

Collocational processing in L1 and L2: The Effects of Word Frequency, Collocational Frequency, and Transitional Probabilities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dogus Can Oksuz ◽  
Patrick Rebuschat ◽  
Vaclav Brezina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Word Frequency ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Individual Word ◽  
Transitional Probabilities ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Frequency Counts

This study investigated the effects of individual word frequency, collocational frequency and transitional probabilities on L1 and L2 collocational processing. An acceptability judgment task was administered to advanced L1 Turkish L2 speakers of English (n = 32) and L1 speakers of English (n = 30). Response times were analysed using mixed-effects modelling for three types of adjective-noun pairs: (1) high-frequency, (2) low-frequency and (3) baseline items. This study extended the previous findings by looking at whether the effects of individual word and collocation frequency counts change for L1 and L2 speakers’ processing of low-frequency and high-frequency collocations. It also looked at the differences between L1 and L2 speakers’ sensitivity to mutual information and log dice scores, which are corpus-derived association measures, for processing adjective-noun collocations. As for frequency, both groups of participants demonstrated sensitivity to both individual word and collocation frequency counts, However, there was a reduced effects of individual word frequency counts for processing high- frequency collocations compared to low-frequency collocations. Both groups of participants were similarly sensitive to the mutual information and log dice measures.

Speech Discrimination in Noise: The Influence of Hearing Protection

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1246-1250 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Casali ◽  
Matthew J. Horylev
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Type ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Noise Intensity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Hearing Protection ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Hearing Level ◽  
Speech Discrimination ◽  
Independent Variables

A psychoacoustic study was performed to determine speech discrimination performance in several noise conditions with the use or non-use of industrial hearing protection. The independent variables included: (1) subject hearing configuration (unoccluded and earplug-, earcap-, or earmuff-occluded), noise intensity level (60, 83 dBA), and noise spectral type (low frequency, white, high frequency). Subjects' hearing level was used as a blocking variable. All factors were found to significantly influence speech discrimination performance, as measured using phoneme scoring. These are discussed in some detail in the paper.

scholarly journals An ERP Study on the Role of Phonological Processing in Reading Two-Character Compound Chinese Words of High and Low Frequency

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Wang ◽  
Minghu Jiang ◽  
Yunlong Huang ◽  
Peijun Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Processing ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Judgment Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Semantic Activation ◽  
Unrelated Control ◽  
Semantic Judgment ◽  
Phonological Activation

Unlike in English, the role of phonology in word recognition in Chinese is unclear. In this event-related potential experiment, we investigated the role of phonology in reading both high- and low-frequency two-character compound Chinese words. Participants executed semantic and homophone judgment tasks of the same precede-target pairs. Each pair of either high- or low-frequency words were either unrelated (control condition) or related semantically or phonologically (homophones). The induced P200 component was greater for low- than for high-frequency word-pairs both in semantic and phonological tasks. Homophones in the semantic judgment task and semantically-related words in the phonology task both elicited a smaller N400 than the control condition, word frequency-independently. However, for low-frequency words in the phonological judgment task, it was found that the semantically related pairs released a significantly larger P200 than the control condition. Thus, the semantic activation of both high- and low-frequency words may be no later than phonological activation.

Simulations of high-resolution images of amorphous silicon films

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 544-545
Author(s):  
G. Y. Fan ◽  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Fourier Transformation ◽  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Frequency Components ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Spatial Frequency Spectrum

It is well known that the structure information on the specimen is not always faithfully transferred through the electron microscope. Firstly, the spatial frequency spectrum is modulated by the transfer function (TF) at the focal plane. Secondly, the spectrum suffers high frequency cut-off by the aperture (or effectively damping terms such as chromatic aberration). While these do not have essential effect on imaging crystal periodicity as long as the low order Bragg spots are inside the aperture, although the contrast may be reversed, they may change the appearance of images of amorphous materials completely. Because the spectrum of amorphous materials is continuous, modulation of it emphasizes some components while weakening others. Especially the cut-off of high frequency components, which contribute to amorphous image just as strongly as low frequency components can have a fundamental effect. This can be illustrated through computer simulation. Imaging of a whitenoise object with an electron microscope without TF limitation gives Fig. 1a, which is obtained by Fourier transformation of a constant amplitude combined with random phases generated by computer.

SEM image sharpness analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 142-143
Author(s):  
M. T. Postek ◽  
A. E. Vladar
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Primary Electron ◽  
Image Sharpness ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Frequency Changes ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

Fully automated or semi-automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. The industry requires that an automated instrument must be routinely capable of 5 nm resolution (or better) at 1.0 kV accelerating voltage for the measurement of nominal 0.25-0.35 micrometer semiconductor critical dimensions. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at this level on a day-by-day basis is an industry need and concern which has been the object of a study at NIST and the fundamentals and results are discussed in this paper.In scanning electron microscopy, two of the most important instrument parameters are the size and shape of the primary electron beam and any image taken in a scanning electron microscope is the result of the sample and electron probe interaction. The low frequency changes in the video signal, collected from the sample, contains information about the larger features and the high frequency changes carry information of finer details. The sharper the image, the larger the number of high frequency components making up that image. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis of an SEM image can be employed to provide qualitiative and ultimately quantitative information regarding the SEM image quality.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

Evaluation of Special Hearing Aids for Deaf Children

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman P. Erber
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Acoustic Stimulation ◽  
Deaf Children ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Frequency Limit ◽  
Unpublished Studies ◽  
Published Research

Two types of special hearing aid have been developed recently to improve the reception of speech by profoundly deaf children. In a different way, each special system provides greater low-frequency acoustic stimulation to deaf ears than does a conventional hearing aid. One of the devices extends the low-frequency limit of amplification; the other shifts high-frequency energy to a lower frequency range. In general, previous evaluations of these special hearing aids have obtained inconsistent or inconclusive results. This paper reviews most of the published research on the use of special hearing aids by deaf children, summarizes several unpublished studies, and suggests a set of guidelines for future evaluations of special and conventional amplification systems.

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