scholarly journals Three-dimensional reconstruction of a whole insect reveals its phloem sap-sucking mechanism at nano-resolution

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-Qiu Wang ◽  
Jian-sheng Guo ◽  
Dan-Ting Li ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Jaco Hagoort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Block Face ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sap

Using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we report on the internal 3D structures of the brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(Hemiptera: Delphacidae) at nanometer resolution for the first time. Within the reconstructed organs and tissues, we found many novel and fascinating internal structures in the planthopper such as naturally occurring three four-way rings connecting adjacent spiracles to facilitate efficient gas exchange, and fungal endosymbionts in a single huge insect cell occupying 22% of the abdomen volume to enable the insect to live on plant sap. To understand the muscle and stylet movement during phloem sap-sucking, the cephalic skeleton and muscles were reconstructed in feeding nymphs. The results revealed an unexpected contraction of the protractors of the stylets and suggested a novel feeding model for the phloem sap-sucking.

scholarly journals Inside the volcano: Three-dimensional magmatic architecture of a buried shield volcano

Geology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Walker ◽  
Nick Schofield ◽  
John Millett ◽  
Dave Jolley ◽  
Simon Holford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shield Volcano ◽  
Plumbing System ◽  
Magma Chambers ◽  
Volcanic Plumbing System ◽  
Volcanic Conduit ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
First Time

The nature and growth of magmatic plumbing systems are of fundamental importance to igneous geology. Traditionally, magma chambers have been viewed as rapidly emplaced bodies of molten rock or partially crystallized “magma mush” connected to the surface by a narrow cylindrical conduit (referred to as the “balloon-and-straw” model). Recent data suggest, however, that magma chambers beneath volcanoes are formed incrementally through amalgamation of smaller intrusions. Here we present the first high-resolution three-dimensional reconstruction of an ancient volcanic plumbing system as a large laccolithic complex. By integrating seismic reflection and gravity data, we show that the ~200 km3 laccolith appears to have formed through partial amalgamation of smaller intrusions. The complex appears to have fed both surface volcanism and an extensive sill network beneath the volcanic edifice. Numerous sills are imaged within the volcanic conduit, indicating that magma stalled at various levels during its ascent. Our results reveal for the first time the entire multicomponent plumbing system within a large ancient shield volcano.

Australian Triassic lungfish skulls

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Triassic ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tooth Plate ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
First Time ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Australian Lungfish

Skull bones of Gosfordia truncata Woodward, 1891, from the Lower Triassic Hawkesbury Sandstone of New South Wales, Australia, are described for the first time. The skull roofing pattern suggests possible affinities between G. truncata and Paraceratodus germaini (Triassic, southwest Madagascar). A three-dimensional reconstruction of the skull of Ceratodus formosus Wade, 1935, based on the holotype, found in a Lower Triassic deposit at Brookvale in New South Wales, is included. This reconstruction indicates that this species is not closely related either to the recent Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, or to the Triassic Ceratodus (Tellerodus) sturii from Nord Alpen in Austria, and it has no close affinities with G. truncata. A new genus, Ariguna, is therefore proposed to receive Ceratodus formosus Wade, 1935. Without associated tooth plate material, G. truncata and A. formosa cannot be defined more precisely.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of the foot from computed tomography scans

1989 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 384-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
BE Hirsch ◽  
JK Udupa ◽  
D Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Three Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
New Type

Recently developed computer programs create a new type of image from the sections created in computed tomography. These images look like actual photographs of internal structures. The authors describe the process of three-dimensional reconstruction in nonmathematical terms, and provide examples of its use in imaging the bones of the foot. They demonstrate the technique's ability to resolve small details, and its usefulness in displaying articular surfaces.

Three-dimensional architecture of a mechanoreceptor in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, revealed by FIB-SEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 379 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-495
Author(s):  
Jian-Sheng Guo ◽  
Xin-Qiu Wang ◽  
Dan-Ting Li ◽  
Dan-Dan Song ◽  
Chuan-Xi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional High-Energy Electron Radiography Method for Static Mesoscale Samples Diagnostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3764
Author(s):  
Quantang Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Ma ◽  
Jiahao Xiao ◽  
Shuchun Cao ◽  
Xiaokang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
New Method ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Spherical Sample ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Application Potential

In this paper, we propose a new method for static mesoscale sample diagnosis using three-dimensional radiography with high-energy electron radiography (HEER). The principle of three-dimensional high-energy electron radiography (TDHEER) is elucidated, and the feasibility of this method is confirmed by start-to-end simulation results. TDHEER is realized by combining HEER with the three-dimensional reconstruction method, by which more information about the samples can be attained, especially regarding the samples’ internal structures. With our study, the internal structures and the three-dimensional positions of the spherical sample are determined with a ~3 μm resolution. We believe that this new method enhances the HEER diagnostic capability and extends its application potential in mesoscale sciences.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Structures of the A, B, and CCapsids of Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus: Insights into GammaherpesvirusCapsid Assembly, Maturation, and DNAPackaging

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (24) ◽  
pp. 13182-13193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Kui Yu ◽  
Christine M. O'Connor ◽  
Ivo Atanasov ◽  
Blossom Damania ◽  
Dean H. Kedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Model System ◽  
Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Capsid Maturation ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) exhibits high levels of sequence homology to human gammaherpesviruses, such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and grows to high titers in cell cultures, making it a good model system for studying gammaherpesvirus capsid structure and assembly. We have purified RRV A, B, and C capsids, thus for the first time allowing direct structure comparisons by electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction. The results show that the shells of these capsids are identical and are each composed of 12 pentons, 150 hexons, and 320 triplexes. Structural differences were apparent inside the shells and through the penton channels. The A capsid is empty, and its penton channels are open. The B capsid contains a scaffolding core, and its penton channels are closed. The C capsid contains a DNA genome, which is closely packaged into regularly spaced density shells (25Å apart), and its penton channels are open. The different statuses of the penton channels suggest a functional role of the channels during capsid maturation, and the overall structural similarities of RRV capsids to alphaherpesvirus capsids suggest a common assembly and maturation pathway. The RRV A capsid reconstruction at a 15-Å resolution, the best achieved for gammaherpesvirus particles, reveals overall structural similarities to alpha- and betaherpesvirus capsids. However, the outer regions of the capsid, including densities attributed to the Ta triplex and the small capsomer-interacting protein (SCIP or ORF65), exhibit prominent differences from their structural counterparts in alphaherpesviruses. This structural disparity suggests that SCIP and the triplex, together with tegument and envelope proteins, confer structural and potentially functional specificities to alpha-, beta-, and gammaherpesviruses.

Serial Block-Face Imaging and its Potential for Reconstructing Diminutive Cell Systems: A Case Study from Arthropods

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Lipke ◽  
Thomas Hörnschemeyer ◽  
Anahita Pakzad ◽  
Christopher R. Booth ◽  
Peter Michalik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cellular Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Lateral Resolution ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Block Face

AbstractUntil recently, three-dimensional reconstruction on an ultrastructural level was only possible using serial section transmission electron microscopy (ssTEM). However, ssTEM is highly challenging and prone to artifacts as, e.g., section loss and image distortions. New methods, such as serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBFSEM) overcome these limitations and promise a high lateral resolution. However, little is known about the usability of SBFSEM in diminutive, but highly complex cellular systems. We used spider sperm (~3 µm in diameter), which fulfills these conditions, to analyze the potential of SBFSEM compared with ssTEM. Our data suggest that the resolution obtained by SBFSEM allows depicting structures on a cellular level and is sufficient to discriminate subcellular components, but is highly dependent on previous staining procedures and electron density of the target structures.

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