scholarly journals Three-point and four-point mechanical bending test modeling and application in solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (20) ◽  
pp. 208801
Author(s):  
Ren He ◽  
Ying-Ye Li ◽  
Jing-Xin Chen ◽  
Xue-Ling Zhao ◽  
Huan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Mechanical Bending

scholarly journals Digitally Patterned Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures of Colorless Polyimide for Transparent and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Hyeonwoo Kim ◽  
Suwon Hwang ◽  
Taeseung Hwang ◽  
Jung Bin In ◽  
Junyeob Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
High Flexibility

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and generates a porous carbon structure on the surface of the CPI substrate. Fluorine, which is one of the chemical compositions of CPI, can enhance the specific area and the conductivity of the carbon electrode by creating micropores in carbon structures during carbonization. Thus, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows enhanced specific capacitance (1.20 mF at 10 mV s−1) and better transmittance (44.9%) compared to the conventional PI-based MSC. Additionally, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows excellent cyclic performance with minimal reduction (<~10%) in 3000 cycles and high capacitance retention under mechanical bending test conditions. Due to its high flexibility, transparency, and capacitance, we expect that carbonized CPI-based MSC can be further applied to various flexible and transparent applications.

scholarly journals Moisture-Assisted Formation of High-Quality Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Films with Low Junction Resistance

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Lipeng Zhou ◽  
Yuehui Hu ◽  
Hao Gao ◽  
Youliang Gao ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Capillary Condensation ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Junction Resistance ◽  
Transparent Conductive Film ◽  
Conductive Film ◽  
Mechanical Bending

Silver nanowire (AgNWs) transparent conductive film (TCF) is considered to be the most favorable material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as the next-generation transparent conductive film. However, the disadvantages of AgNWs, such as easy oxidation and high wire-wire junction resistance, dramatically limit its commercial application. In this paper, moisture treatment was adopted, and water was dripped on the surface of AgNWs film or breathed on the surface so that the surface was covered with a layer of water vapor. The morphology of silver nanowire mesh nodes is complex, and the curvature is large. According to the capillary condensation theory, water molecules preferentially condense near the geometric surface with significant curvature. The capillary force is generated, making the wire-wire junction of AgNWs mesh bond tightly, resulting in good ohmic contact. The experimental results show that AgNWs-TCF treated by moisture has better conductivity, with an average sheet resistance of 20 Ω/sq and more uniform electrical properties. The bending test and adhesion test showed that AgNWs-TCF treated by moisture still exhibited good mechanical bending resistance and environmental stability.

Evaluation of elastic, elastic-plastic properties of thin Pt wire by mechanical bending test

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Deb Nath ◽  
Hironori Tohmyoh ◽  
M. A. Salam Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Mechanical Bending

CIGS solar cells on flexible ultra-thin glass substrates: Characterization and bending test

2015 ◽  
Vol 592 ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Gerthoffer ◽  
Frédéric Roux ◽  
Fabrice Emieux ◽  
Pascal Faucherand ◽  
Hélène Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Cigs Solar Cells

scholarly journals Bilateral alkylamine for suppressing charge recombination and improving stability in blade-coated perovskite solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. eaav8925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu-Qiang Wu ◽  
Zhibin Yang ◽  
Peter N. Rudd ◽  
Yuchuan Shao ◽  
Xuezeng Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit Voltage ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Operation Stability ◽  
Cell Fabrication ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies ◽  
Beam Damage

The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are already higher than that of other thin film technologies, but laboratory cell-fabrication methods are not scalable. Here, we report an additive strategy to enhance the efficiency and stability of PSCs made by scalable blading. Blade-coated PSCs incorporating bilateral alkylamine (BAA) additives achieve PCEs of 21.5 (aperture, 0.08 cm2) and 20.0% (aperture, 1.1 cm2), with a record-small open-circuit voltage deficit of 0.35 V under AM1.5G illumination. The stabilized PCE reaches 22.6% under 0.3 sun. Anchoring monolayer bilateral amino groups passivates the defects at the perovskite surface and enhances perovskite stability by exposing the linking hydrophobic alkyl chain. Grain boundaries are reinforced by BAA and are more resistant to mechanical bending and electron beam damage. BAA improves the device shelf lifetime to >1000 hours and operation stability to >500 hours under light, with 90% of the initial efficiency retained.

scholarly journals Transparent Electrodes with Nanotubes and Graphene for Printed Optoelectronic Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Słoma ◽  
Grzegorz Wróblewski ◽  
Daniel Janczak ◽  
Małgorzata Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Mechanical Bending

We report here on printed electroluminescent structures containing transparent electrodes made of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets. Screen-printing and spray-coating techniques were employed. Electrodes and structures were examined towards optical parameters using spectrophotometer and irradiation meter. Electromechanical properties of transparent electrodes are exterminated with cyclical bending test. Accelerated aging process was conducted according to EN 62137 standard for reliability tests of electronics. We observed significant negative influence of mechanical bending on sheet resistivity of ITO, while resistivity of nanotube and graphene based electrodes remained stable. Aging process has also negative influence on ITO based structures resulting in delamination of printed layers, while those based on carbon nanomaterials remained intact. We observe negligible changes in irradiation for structures with carbon nanotube electrodes after accelerated aging process. Such materials demonstrate a high application potential in general purpose electroluminescent devices.

Micromechanical Behavior and Optical Characteristics of a Free-Standing Polymer Waveguide

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moo-Jin Choi ◽  
Kyoung-Sun Seo ◽  
Young-Hyun Jin ◽  
Young-Ho Cho
Keyword(s):  
Optical Loss ◽  
Propagation Loss ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Coupling Loss ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Loss Measurement ◽  
Polymer Waveguide ◽  
Bending Loss ◽  
Mechanical Bending

Abstract This paper presents an experimental characterization of the microoptomechanical behavior of a mechanically deflected free-standing polymer waveguide. We evaluate the total optical loss of the mechanically deflected waveguide, considering propagation loss, input/output coupling loss and mechanical bending loss. For the experimental evaluation of the total optical loss, we design and fabricate three different sets of waveguide structures: the straight waveguides for propagation and coupling loss measurement; the curved waveguides for curvature loss measurement; the suspended waveguides for mechanical bending loss measurement. From the straight waveguides, we have measured the propagation loss of 5.4±1.1dB/cm and the coupling loss of 5.3±2.4dB, respectively. We have measured the curvature loss of ±4dB/rad for the curved waveguides having the radius of curvature in the range of 200–2,000μm. From the waveguide bending test, we have measured the elastic limit and the failure strength of the polymer waveguide as 5±1MPa and 23±8MPa, respectively. We also find that the mechanical bending loss is rapidly increased to 12–25dB for the waveguide deflection beyond the elastic region. The rapid increase of the mechanical bending loss in the large deflection region is due to the abrupt change of propagation angles as well as the mechanical defect generated in the waveguides.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY MECHANICAL TEST OF PROXIMAL FEMUR REINFORCEMENT WITH CEMENTED X-SHAPED PMMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Anderson Freitas ◽  
Welvis Soares Camargo ◽  
Ruben Jeri Aquino ◽  
Vincenzo Giordano Neto ◽  
Aluízio Fernandes Bonavides Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Greater Trochanter ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Static Mechanical ◽  
Mechanical Bending

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the mechanical behavior of the proximal end of the femur submitted to the X-shaped polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) reinforcement technique. Methods: Fifteen synthetic femurs, with a Nacional® density of 10 PCF, were divided into two groups: the DX group, with 5 units that were submitted to PMMA reinforcement, and the DP group, with 10 units, which were evaluated intact. The volume of PMMA required, the maximum load, and the absorbed energy to fracture were analyzed by means of a static mechanical bending test simulating a fall on the greater trochanter. Results: A mean of 6 ml of PMMA was used to model the X-reinforcement; it was observed that the DX group presented significantly higher maximum load (median = 1553 N, p = 0.005) and absorbed energy to fracture (median = 9.7 J; p = 0.050) than the DP group (median = 905 N and 6.6 J). Conclusion: X-reinforcement of the proximal end of synthetic femurs showed a statistically significant increase in the maximum load and absorbed energy to fracture in the mechanical assay when compared to the control group. Level of Evidence III, Experimental study.

scholarly journals Fraction Factorial Design of a Novel Semi-Transparent Layer for Applications on Solar Roads

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Vizzari ◽  
Emmanuel Chailleux ◽  
Stéphane Lavaud ◽  
Eric Gennesseaux ◽  
Stephane Bouron
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Skid Resistance ◽  
Aggregate Distribution ◽  
Transparent Layer

Solar roads are transportation infrastructures able both to generate electricity thanks to solar cells placed under a semi-transparent layer and to ensure heavy traffic circulation. In this paper, a novel transparent top layer made of glass aggregates bonded together using a polyurethane glue is presented. The goal is to design a composite material able to support traffic load, guarantee vehicle skid-resistance, allow the passage of sunlight, and protect the solar cells. For this purpose, the authors investigated the effect of different variables (thickness, glue content, and glass aggregate distribution) on the mechanical and optical performances of the material applying the factorial design method. The semi-transparent layer was characterized by performing the three-point bending test and measuring the power loss. Regarding the vehicle friction, experimental tests with the British Pendulum were conducted in order to measure the skid resistance of the surface and compare it with the specifications of a typical road infrastructure. According to the fraction factorial design and the British Pendulum test, the following mixture was developed: 42.8% of 4/6 mm; 42.8% of 2/4 mm, 14.4% of glue in volume, and a thickness of 0.6 cm. The first results are encouraging, and they demonstrate the feasibility of a semi-transparent layer for future applications in full scale.

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