scholarly journals Transparent Electrodes with Nanotubes and Graphene for Printed Optoelectronic Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Słoma ◽  
Grzegorz Wróblewski ◽  
Daniel Janczak ◽  
Małgorzata Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Aging Process ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Mechanical Bending

We report here on printed electroluminescent structures containing transparent electrodes made of carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets. Screen-printing and spray-coating techniques were employed. Electrodes and structures were examined towards optical parameters using spectrophotometer and irradiation meter. Electromechanical properties of transparent electrodes are exterminated with cyclical bending test. Accelerated aging process was conducted according to EN 62137 standard for reliability tests of electronics. We observed significant negative influence of mechanical bending on sheet resistivity of ITO, while resistivity of nanotube and graphene based electrodes remained stable. Aging process has also negative influence on ITO based structures resulting in delamination of printed layers, while those based on carbon nanomaterials remained intact. We observe negligible changes in irradiation for structures with carbon nanotube electrodes after accelerated aging process. Such materials demonstrate a high application potential in general purpose electroluminescent devices.

Influence of electric field on separation and orientation of carbon nanotubes in spray coated layers

Circuit World ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Wroblewski ◽  
Marcin Słoma ◽  
Daniel Janczak ◽  
Malgorzata Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coating Technique ◽  
Dc Electric Field

Purpose – The aims of this paper are to investigate the influence of direct current (DC) electric field on separation and orientation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in spray-coated layers and apply this method to the fabrication of elastic and transparent electrodes. The orientation of CNTs in the form of paths in the direction of electrical conduction should increase the electrode conductivity without decreasing its optical transmission. Design/methodology/approach – Materials are deposited using vacuum-free, ultra-fine nozzle spray coating technique, easily applicable for large-scale production. After the deposition of carbon nanomaterials, nanoparticles are oriented in the electric field and initially cured with infrared halogen lamp to evaporate solvents and preserve orientation of the nanoparticles in the deposited layer. Afterwards, layers are cured in a chamber dryer to obtain desired properties. Nanoparticles orientation and carbon nanomaterials separation via DC electric field are analysed, and the optical and electrical properties of prepared electrodes are measured. Findings – Experiments described in this paper showed that DC electric field can be applied provide separation and orientation of CNTs and combined with spray coating technique, can be used as additional tool for tuning the conductivity of flexible and transparent electrodes by decreasing the sheet resistance about five times. Originality/value – The results showed that spray coating combined with electric field orientation is a promising solution of obtaining elastic and transparent electrodes with oriented carbon particles. According to the authors’ knowledge, none of the experiments was directed to obtain DC electric field-oriented transparent layers produced with the use of spray coating technique.

scholarly journals Digitally Patterned Mesoporous Carbon Nanostructures of Colorless Polyimide for Transparent and Flexible Micro-Supercapacitor

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2547
Author(s):  
Hyeonwoo Kim ◽  
Suwon Hwang ◽  
Taeseung Hwang ◽  
Jung Bin In ◽  
Junyeob Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanostructures ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Carbon Structure ◽  
Carbon Structures ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
Mechanical Bending ◽  
Minimal Reduction ◽  
High Flexibility

Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of a flexible and transparent micro-supercapacitor (MSC), using colorless polyimide (CPI) via a direct laser writing carbonization (DLWC) process. The focused laser beam directly carbonizes the CPI substrate and generates a porous carbon structure on the surface of the CPI substrate. Fluorine, which is one of the chemical compositions of CPI, can enhance the specific area and the conductivity of the carbon electrode by creating micropores in carbon structures during carbonization. Thus, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows enhanced specific capacitance (1.20 mF at 10 mV s−1) and better transmittance (44.9%) compared to the conventional PI-based MSC. Additionally, the fabricated carbonized CPI-based MSC shows excellent cyclic performance with minimal reduction (<~10%) in 3000 cycles and high capacitance retention under mechanical bending test conditions. Due to its high flexibility, transparency, and capacitance, we expect that carbonized CPI-based MSC can be further applied to various flexible and transparent applications.

scholarly journals Moisture-Assisted Formation of High-Quality Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Films with Low Junction Resistance

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Lipeng Zhou ◽  
Yuehui Hu ◽  
Hao Gao ◽  
Youliang Gao ◽  
Wenjun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Capillary Condensation ◽  
Silver Nanowire ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Junction Resistance ◽  
Transparent Conductive Film ◽  
Conductive Film ◽  
Mechanical Bending

Silver nanowire (AgNWs) transparent conductive film (TCF) is considered to be the most favorable material to replace indium tin oxide (ITO) as the next-generation transparent conductive film. However, the disadvantages of AgNWs, such as easy oxidation and high wire-wire junction resistance, dramatically limit its commercial application. In this paper, moisture treatment was adopted, and water was dripped on the surface of AgNWs film or breathed on the surface so that the surface was covered with a layer of water vapor. The morphology of silver nanowire mesh nodes is complex, and the curvature is large. According to the capillary condensation theory, water molecules preferentially condense near the geometric surface with significant curvature. The capillary force is generated, making the wire-wire junction of AgNWs mesh bond tightly, resulting in good ohmic contact. The experimental results show that AgNWs-TCF treated by moisture has better conductivity, with an average sheet resistance of 20 Ω/sq and more uniform electrical properties. The bending test and adhesion test showed that AgNWs-TCF treated by moisture still exhibited good mechanical bending resistance and environmental stability.

Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

Evaluation of elastic, elastic-plastic properties of thin Pt wire by mechanical bending test

2010 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 493-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Deb Nath ◽  
Hironori Tohmyoh ◽  
M. A. Salam Akanda
Keyword(s):  
Bending Test ◽  
Plastic Properties ◽  
Elastic Plastic ◽  
Mechanical Bending

scholarly journals Study of dependence between microstructure and chemical composition of A32, D32, E32 grades steels at bending tests

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
L. A. Ryabicheva ◽  
R. E. Velikotskii
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Carbon Equivalent ◽  
Metal Science ◽  
Steel Rolling ◽  
Bending Tests

Meeting the high requirements to the whole complex of mechanical characteristics is the main criteria of reliability and long service life of shipbuilding steels. To determine them it is necessary to apply modern methodologies of metal science analysis. Revelation of regularity of influence of alloying, carbon equivalent, microstructure and production technology on results of bending test of low-alloyed grades А32, D32, Е32 shipbuilding steels was the purpose of the study. Production of steel, rolling, thermal treatment, mechanical tests and metal science studies of the low-alloyed shipbuilding steels was made in Alchevsk steel-works. A quantity estimation of the D32 grade sheets microstructure was made as a result of studies, having both satisfactory and not satisfactory results of bending tests. It was determined, that stitch oxides have the most negative influence on the results of bending tests for both hot-rolled and normalized sheets. Sheets with not satisfactory results of bending tests differ from those, which passed the tests by higher value of streakiness points, particular of perlite, and in normalized condition – by higher value of Widmanstatten pattern. Sheets, which did not passed the tests, have yield strength by 5–25 MPa and tensile strength by 14–39 MPa higher, while the tensile strength was by 1.2–4.8% lower. For stable yield in bending tests within 98–100% it is necessary the tensile strength level to be not less than 30%. It is reasonably all the sheets of 10–20 mm thick out of heats with carbon equivalent higher 0.54% to subject compulsory normalization. Further increase of the sheets product yield can be achieved by decreasing of phosphor mass share and increasing of general steel purity, first of all, by decreasing of oxide inclusions

scholarly journals Largely accelerated arterial aging in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with inflammatory activity and smoking in the early stage of the disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Mong ◽  
Zoltan Tarjanyi ◽  
Laszlo Tothfalusi ◽  
Andrea Bartykowszki ◽  
Aniko Ilona Nagy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Arterial Aging

Abstract Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have a shorter life expectancy than the general population primarily due to cardiovascular comorbidities.Objectives: To characterize arterial aging in RA.Patients and methods: Coronary calcium scores (CCS) were available from 112 RA patients; out of these patients, follow-up CCS were measured of 54 randomly selected individuals. Control CCS were obtained from the MESA database (includes 6000< participants); arterialage was calculated from CCS.Results: RA patients were significantly older (10.45±18.45 years, p<0.001) in terms of the arterial age compared to the age, gender and race matched controls. The proportion of RA patients who had zero CCS was significantly less (p<0.01) than in the MESA reference group. Each disease year contributed an extra 0.395 years (p<0.01) on the top of the normal aging process. However, the rate of the accelerated aging is not uniform, in the first years of the disease it is apparently faster. Smoking (p<0.05), previous cardiovascular events (p<0.05) and high blood pressure (p<0.05) had additional significant effect on the aging process. In the follow-up study, inflammatory disease activity (CRP>5 mg/L, p<0.05) especially in smokers and shorter than 10 years disease duration (p=0.05) had the largest impact.Conclusions: Arterial aging is faster in RA patients compared to control subjects, particularly in the first 10 years of the disease. Inflammation, previous cardiovascular events and smoking are additional contributing factors to the intensified coronary atherosclerosis progression. These data support that optimal control of inflammation is essential to attenuate the cardiovascular risk in RA.

Fabrication and characterization of flexible hybrid transparent electrodes with broadband transparency

2021 ◽  
pp. 2140023
Author(s):  
Keh-Moh Lin ◽  
Swapnil Shinde ◽  
Ru-Li Lin ◽  
Wen-Tse Hsiao ◽  
Pankaj Koinkar
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Radio Frequency Sputtering ◽  
Light Region ◽  
Average Transmittance ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate Substrate

In this study, indium-zinc oxide (IZO)/silver (Ag)/IZO (ZAZ) flexible transparent electrodes were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate substrate using radio frequency sputtering technique. Experimental results showed that when the Ag film transited from semi-continuous state to continuous state, the ZAZ electrode exhibited high optoelectronic performance. The best ZAZ sample had a quite wide range of high transmittance and an average transmittance of 78.9% in visible light region, and sheet resistance of [Formula: see text]/sq and a Haacke Index of [Formula: see text]. The bending test revealed that the [Formula: see text] (change in sheet resistance) of ZAZ electrodes after 1000 bends was still less than 25% while the electrical properties of IZO films deteriorated after only 100 bending tests.

Effect of Accelerated Aging Process on Seed Quality and Biochemical Changes in Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum Linn.) Seeds

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Kaewnaree ◽  
S. Vichitphan ◽  
P. Klanrit ◽  
B. SIRI ◽  
K. Vichitphan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Biochemical Changes
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