scholarly journals Thermodynamically Modeled Non-equilibrium Structure of Combustion Products and Decomposition of Hydrazine-based Liquid Propellants

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dorofeev ◽  
D Yagodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Products ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Liquid Propellants ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Active binary switching of soft colloids: stability and structural properties

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bley ◽  
Joachim Dzubiella ◽  
Arturo Moncho Jorda
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Brownian Dynamics ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Binary Switching ◽  
Soft Colloids ◽  
Non Equilibrium

We employ reactive dynamical density functional theory (R-DDFT) and reactive Brownian dynamics (R-BD) simulations to study the non-equilibrium structure and phase behavior of an active dispersion of soft Gaussian colloids...

Electro-osmotic slip and electroconvective instability

2007 ◽  
Vol 579 ◽  
pp. 173-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ZALTZMAN ◽  
I. RUBINSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Electric Conduction ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Electric conduction from an electrolyte solution into a charge selective solid, such as ion exchange membrane or electrode, becomes unstable when the electrolyte concentration near the interface approaches zero owing to diffusion limitation. The sequence of events leading to instability is as follows: upon the decrease of the interface concentration, the electric double layer at the interface transforms from its common quasi-equilibrium structure to a different, non-equilibrium one. The key feature of this new structure is an extended space charge added to the usual one of the quasi-equilibrium electric double layer. The non-equilibrium electro-osmotic slip related to this extended space charge renders the quiescent conductance unstable. A unified asymptotic picture of the electric double-layer undercurrent, encompassing all regimes from quasi-equilibrium to the extreme non-equilibrium one, is developed and employed for derivation of a universal electro-osmotic slip formula. This formula is used for a linear stability study of quiescent electric conduction, yielding the precise parameter range of instability, compared with that in the full electroconvective formulation. The physical mechanism of instability is traced both kinematically, in terms of non-equilibrium electro-osmotic slip, and dynamically, in terms of forces acting in the electric double layer.

Non-equilibrium Structure Affects Ferroelectric Behavior of Confined Polymers

2015 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Martínez-Tong ◽  
Alejandro Sanz ◽  
Jaime Martín ◽  
Tiberio A. Ezquerra ◽  
Aurora Nogales
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Confined Polymers ◽  
Ferroelectric Behavior ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Barium Exhaust Spectrum during the Expansion of Combustion Products through a Nozzle into Vacuum

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1147-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Batalli-Cosmovici ◽  
Karl-Wolfgang Michel
Keyword(s):  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Brightness Temperature ◽  
Particle Temperature ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Fast Process ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Apparent Color ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe emission spectrum from a two-phase nozzle jet, consisting of combustion products of Ba and CuO, revealed that non-equilibrium amounts of excited and ionized Ba atoms occur only during the nozzle starting transient. Traces of BaO-and Cu2-molecules could be identified in the cold outer parts of the jet. The particle temperature near the nozzle, derived from novel measurements of apparent color and brightness temperature, confirms LTE calculations if the vaporization of excess Ba is taken to be a fast process.

Controlling Non-Equilibrium Structure Formation on the Nanoscale

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 3437-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Buchmann ◽  
Fabian Manfred Hecht ◽  
Carla Pernpeintner ◽  
Theobald Lohmueller ◽  
Andreas R. Bausch
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Frozen non-equilibrium structure for anisotropically deformed natural rubber with nanomatrix structure observed by 3D FIB-SEM and electron tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 293 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Fukuhara ◽  
Kenichiro Kosugi ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Jinnai ◽  
Hideo Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Non-equilibrium particle morphology in dispersion-polymerized polystyrene particles

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Paine ◽  
Richard R. Shivers
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Particle Growth ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Small Particles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Equilibrium Morphology ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The interior particle morphology of dispersion-polymerized polystyrene particles was investigated by freeze fracture TEM (FFTEM) in order to compare the morphology of particles formed under two extreme mechanistic conditions: (a) particle growth by scavenging of dead polymer chains formed in solution (which gives rise to large particles of 5–10 μm) and (b) particle growth by oligomeric radical capture and polymerization inside the particle (giving rise to small particles of 1 μm or less). Although not generally recognized in the literature, ascribing mechanistic significance to an observed morphology requires a demonstration that the morphology is of the non-equilibrium type, i.e., the morphology depends upon how the particle was formed. An equilibrium morphology, by definition, must be independent of the particle formation route, and therefore carries no mechanistic information. In this case, large PS particles of 6.5 μm were found to have a nodular morphology that was unchanged on heating well above Tg, indicating an equilibrium structure (the nodularity of amorphous polymers is briefly rationalized by comparison with literature results over the past 20 years). On the other hand, small PS particles of 1.3 μm had a pronounced radial structure that could be converted into the nodular morphology by the same heat treatment, or by dissolving and precipitating from a suitable solvent combination. This means that the small particles have a non-equilibrium morphology, from which we may attempt to draw mechanistic inferences consistent with the suspected growth mechanism. Keywords: dispersion-polymerized polystyrene, non-equilibrium polystyrene particle morphology, freeze fracture transmission electron microscopy.

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