Controlling Non-Equilibrium Structure Formation on the Nanoscale

ChemPhysChem ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 3437-3442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Buchmann ◽  
Fabian Manfred Hecht ◽  
Carla Pernpeintner ◽  
Theobald Lohmueller ◽  
Andreas R. Bausch
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Non Equilibrium

scholarly journals Active binary switching of soft colloids: stability and structural properties

Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Bley ◽  
Joachim Dzubiella ◽  
Arturo Moncho Jorda
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Properties ◽  
Brownian Dynamics ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Binary Switching ◽  
Soft Colloids ◽  
Non Equilibrium

We employ reactive dynamical density functional theory (R-DDFT) and reactive Brownian dynamics (R-BD) simulations to study the non-equilibrium structure and phase behavior of an active dispersion of soft Gaussian colloids...

Electro-osmotic slip and electroconvective instability

2007 ◽  
Vol 579 ◽  
pp. 173-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ZALTZMAN ◽  
I. RUBINSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Electric Double Layer ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Quasi Equilibrium ◽  
Electric Conduction ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Electric conduction from an electrolyte solution into a charge selective solid, such as ion exchange membrane or electrode, becomes unstable when the electrolyte concentration near the interface approaches zero owing to diffusion limitation. The sequence of events leading to instability is as follows: upon the decrease of the interface concentration, the electric double layer at the interface transforms from its common quasi-equilibrium structure to a different, non-equilibrium one. The key feature of this new structure is an extended space charge added to the usual one of the quasi-equilibrium electric double layer. The non-equilibrium electro-osmotic slip related to this extended space charge renders the quiescent conductance unstable. A unified asymptotic picture of the electric double-layer undercurrent, encompassing all regimes from quasi-equilibrium to the extreme non-equilibrium one, is developed and employed for derivation of a universal electro-osmotic slip formula. This formula is used for a linear stability study of quiescent electric conduction, yielding the precise parameter range of instability, compared with that in the full electroconvective formulation. The physical mechanism of instability is traced both kinematically, in terms of non-equilibrium electro-osmotic slip, and dynamically, in terms of forces acting in the electric double layer.

Non-equilibrium Structure Affects Ferroelectric Behavior of Confined Polymers

2015 ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Martínez-Tong ◽  
Alejandro Sanz ◽  
Jaime Martín ◽  
Tiberio A. Ezquerra ◽  
Aurora Nogales
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Confined Polymers ◽  
Ferroelectric Behavior ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Frozen non-equilibrium structure for anisotropically deformed natural rubber with nanomatrix structure observed by 3D FIB-SEM and electron tomography

2015 ◽  
Vol 293 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555-2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Fukuhara ◽  
Kenichiro Kosugi ◽  
Yoshimasa Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroshi Jinnai ◽  
Hideo Nishioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Equilibrium Structure ◽  
Nanomatrix Structure ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis: Non-Equilibrium Processes and Equilibrium Products

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Merzhanov
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Front Propagation ◽  
Combustion Time ◽  
Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Equilibrium Processes ◽  
High Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The nature of SHS process was studied, and conditions under which equilibrium and non-equilibrium regimes take place for wave propagation and structure formation of SHS products are under consideration. The important role of cooling down time is shown. Depending on its magnitude, either autoannealing or autoquenching processes can take place in the products after combustion front propagation. The correlation between transition from non-equilibrium to equilibrium state of the product with prolongation of cooling time was examined as well as character of products and processes was indicated in dependence on relationship between the characteristic times of combustion, time of cooling down, and structure formation in SHS product.

scholarly journals Features of structure formation of surface layers with high content of boron on steel 15Х11МФ in the conditions of furnace and induction heating

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
S.A. Knyazev
Keyword(s):  
Structure Formation ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Induction Heating ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
High Alloy ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Furnace Heating ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The results of obtaining borated layers on 15H11MF high-alloy steel under equilibrium and non-equilibrium heating conditions are presented. Equilibrium conditions were achieved by slow furnace heating (with a heating rate of 0.1 oC/s), non-equilibrium – by induction heating (with a heating rate of 100 oC/s). The heating was controlled by measuring the thermoelectric power by a thermocouple welded to the surface of the sample by electric contact welding. The signal from the thermocouple was digitized by the ADC and transmitted to a computer where, at high speed, an array of data of temperature-time dependence of the process was formed. Furnace heating was carried out in a laboratory electric furnace at 1130 оС ± 5 оС, 1150 оС ± 5 оС and 1160 оС ± 5 оС. Induction heating was carried out to temperatures of 1180 oC ± 20oC, 1200 oC  ± 20oC, 1220 oC ± 20oC. The possibility of significant reduction of the treatment process from 3 hours to 2 minutes due to the intensifying action in non-equilibrium conditions of structure formation is shown. Boron saturation came from the paste. Saturating paste consisted of 60% boron carbide, 30% NaF, 10% CaF2. The method of metallographic research shows not only the morphological differences of the obtained surface layers, but also established the predominant mechanism of boron diffusion into high-alloy martensitic steel. During furnace heating (1150оС), a solid boron with a thickness of up to 50 μm and a hardness of 15100 MPa is formed. At a depth of up to 150 μm, grain boundary diffusion is noticeable, which obviously dominates in the processes of boron saturation of high-alloy steels. At temperatures of 1160 oC and furnace heating under a solid layer of boride with a thickness of 110 μm, a two-phase zone is formed, which consists of boride and a solid solution with a thickness of 70 μm. This layer is more defective. Induction heating with boron saturation forms a thick (up to 200 μm) layer of coarse boride crystallites (18900 – 9270 MPa) with an eutectic structure (6440 MPa), which becomes coarser with increasing temperature from 1180 to 1220 оС. The ability to obtain solid hardened layers in a short treatment time makes boron saturation from pastes a more attractive alternative among other chemical-heat treatment technologies.

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