scholarly journals When Construal Level and Financial Incentive Collides: An Experimental Study on Cooperative Behavior Among Javanese and Balinese

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erita Narhetali ◽  
Yunita Faela Nisa ◽  
Andhika Putra Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Construal Level

scholarly journals Reduced cooperative behavior as a cost of high testosterone in a lekking passerine bird

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben J Vernasco ◽  
Brent M Horton ◽  
Ignacio T Moore ◽  
T Brandt Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Courtship Display ◽  
Courtship Behaviors ◽  
Pipra Filicauda ◽  
Courtship Displays

Abstract Many studies have identified the reproductive benefits of cooperative behaviors, yet few have identified the mechanisms that underlie these behaviors. Mechanistic studies can inform our understanding of why some individuals are more or less cooperative, as well as identify the physiological constraints imposed upon the evolution of reproductive traits. Male wire-tailed manakins (Pipra filicauda) exhibit cooperative courtship behaviors and more cooperative territory holders have been shown to exhibit higher reproductive success. To begin to understand the proximate basis of cooperative display behaviors, we conducted both an observational study and an experimental study. Because coordinated courtship displays underlie this form of cooperation, our study also examined both the hormonal and social drivers of individual variation in courtship behavior more broadly (e.g., courtship display rates). Our observational study revealed that males with higher testosterone levels performed fewer cooperative display bouts. In addition, our experimental study demonstrated that the proportion of a male’s courtship displays that were cooperative decreased after being administered a testosterone-filled hormone implant. We found no relationship between an individual’s courtship display effort (i.e., display rate and time spent performing courtship displays) and circulating testosterone in either study. However, more cooperative males spent a greater proportion of time performing courtship displays than did less cooperative males, suggesting that testosterone may indirectly mediate courtship display behaviors by influencing a territory holder’s cooperative behavior. Overall, both our observational and experimental results suggest that reduced cooperative behavior is a cost of maintaining high levels of testosterone for territory-holding males.

Gender Pairing and Cooperative Behavior: An Experimental Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 15529
Author(s):  
Siqi Ma ◽  
John Aloysius ◽  
Li Hao
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Gender Pairing

WHAT PRICE DO YOU ASK FOR THE “EXTRA ONE”?: A SOCIAL VALUE ORIENTATION PERSPECTIVE

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Huang Lin ◽  
Hung-Ming Lin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Value Orientation ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Lower Price ◽  
Social Value Orientation ◽  
The Social

The concept of social value orientation was used to explore individuals' decisions in asking price when they had an “extra one” that someone wanted to buy. Results from an experimental study indicated that competitors' asking price was higher than those of individualists, who in turn asked higher prices than did prosocials. Regardless of the social value orientation, participants charged a significantly lower price for the “extra one” if the buyer was a friend rather than a stranger. In addition, for prosocials, market price was not an important consideration when they decided the asking price, and they exhibited cooperative behavior only under the situation of no loss.

scholarly journals The Effect of Centralized Financial and Social Incentives on Cooperative Behavior and Its Underlying Neural Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Leticia Micheli ◽  
Mirre Stallen ◽  
Alan G. Sanfey
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Social Incentives ◽  
Fmri Study

Incentives are frequently used by governments and employers to encourage cooperation. Here, we investigated the effect of centralized incentives on cooperation, firstly in a behavioral study and then replicated in a subsequent neuroimaging (fMRI) study. In both studies, participants completed a novel version of the Public Goods Game, including experimental conditions in which the administration of centralized incentives was probabilistic and incentives were either of a financial or social nature. Behavioral results showed that the prospect of potentially receiving financial and social incentives significantly increased cooperation, with financial incentives yielding the strongest effect. Neuroimaging results showed that activation in the bilateral lateral orbitofrontal cortex and precuneus increased when participants were informed that incentives would be absent versus when they were present. Furthermore, activation in the medial orbitofrontal cortex increased when participants would potentially receive a social versus a financial incentive. These results speak to the efficacy of different types of centralized incentives in increasing cooperative behavior, and they show that incentives directly impact the neural mechanisms underlying cooperation.

Experimental study on the restoration from a tilt-azimuth series for improvement in resolution

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
Norio Baba ◽  
Norihiko Ichise ◽  
Syunya Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Beam Tilting ◽  
Illumination Method ◽  
Restoration Method ◽  
Illumination Mode

The tilted beam illumination method is used to improve the resolution comparing with the axial illumination mode. Using this advantage, a restoration method of several tilted beam images covering the full azimuthal range was proposed by Saxton, and experimentally examined. To make this technique more reliable it seems that some practical problems still remain. In this report the restoration was attempted and the problems were considered. In our study, four problems were pointed out for the experiment of the restoration. (1) Accurate beam tilt adjustment to fit the incident beam to the coma-free axis for the symmetrical beam tilting over the full azimuthal range. (2) Accurate measurements of the optical parameters which are necessary to design the restoration filter. Even if the spherical aberration coefficient Cs is known with accuracy and the axial astigmatism is sufficiently compensated, at least the defocus value must be measured. (3) Accurate alignment of the tilt-azimuth series images.

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