scholarly journals Measured and predicted temperatures in a grain processing building under heat treatment – 1. Temperature profiles during heat treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 3.1-3.8
Author(s):  
F. Jian ◽  
◽  
P.G. Fields ◽  
D.S. Jayas ◽  
N.D.G. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Grain Processing

FEATURES OF PROCESSING OATS INTO GROATS PRODUCTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
S. Sots ◽  
I. Kustov ◽  
Y. Kuzmenko ◽  
O. Vereshchynskyi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Scheme ◽  
Naked Oat ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Naked Oats ◽  
And Control

In the given article the existing technologies of hulled oats grain processing into groats products were analyzed. The possibilities of using new breeding varieties of oats to improve existing technologies were analyzed. Advantages using naked oat varieties for the production of groats and flakes were considered. Results of research influence intensity of pearling and water heat treatment on yield of pearled groats and its quality indicators were shown. The high efficiency of use naked oats for the production of pearled groats with regulated quality indicators was determined. It was found that the technologically expedient moisture content of naked oats before pearling is 12-12.5 %. In the pearling the grain with this humidity depending on the duration of pearling yield of groat estimated to range between 78 94 %. Use as raw materials naked oats increase yield of pearled groats at 1.4-1.6 times in compared to processing of conventional varieties. Modes of preparation of pearled groats for flaking was investigated, feature their influence on the yield and qualities of flaked groats were determined. Analyses of the physical properties of the obtained flaked products were conducted. It was found that the technologically expedient moisture content of pearled naked oats groats before steaming is 17-17.5 %. After steaming groats with this moisture yield of flaked groat estimated to range between 84,3 93,6 %. The main stages of processing naked oats into groats products were determined. The technological scheme of processing naked oats for producing groats and flakes were developed. The technological scheme of processing hull-less barley and naked oats for producing groats, flakes, mixtures of groats and flakes were developed. Technology includes grain cleaning stage, grain water heat treatment, pearling, sorting of pearling products, pearled groat water heat treatment, mixing, flaking, drying, and control of end products.

scholarly journals Thermal Inactivation of Different Capripox Virus Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Janika Wolff ◽  
Martin Beer ◽  
Bernd Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Virus Isolates

Capripox viruses (CaPVs) cause a highly contagious poxvirus disease of livestock animals. Working with CaPVs requires laboratories with a high biosecurity level (BSL 3), and reliable inactivation of these viruses is therefore necessary for working in areas or laboratories with a lower biosecurity status. Heat treatment provides a simple and well-established tool for the inactivation due to its substantial advantages (e.g., easy to perform, fast, cheap, and robust). In our study, we determined the time–temperature profiles needed for a fail-safe inactivation procedure using four different CaPV isolates in aqueous solution with and without the addition of protective serum. All four tested CaPV isolates were completely inactivated after 30 min at 56 °C or 10 min at 60 °C. Since different thermal stabilities of other CaPV isolates could not be fully excluded, we recommend an inactivation procedure of 1 h at 56 °C for safe shipment or working in laboratories with lower biosecurity levels than BSL 3.

DIRECTION OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE WORKING BODIES OF HAMMER

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
L. Soldatenko ◽  
A. Shipko ◽  
I. Shipko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Quantum Generator ◽  
Grinding Machines ◽  
The Many ◽  
Working Bodies

Among the many types of grinding machines used in enterprises of grain processing, food and other industries, an important place belongs to hammer crushers. This is explained by the possibility of their use for grinding materials of various origins (plant, animal, mineral, as well as various wastes of food production), various particle size distribution (lumpy, briquetted, granular, fibrous), having different strength properties (hard, medium hard, soft, brittle, viscous), capable of being crushed once or requiring double sequential crushing. In addition, hammer crushers are characterized by relative simplicity of design, and most importantly - they destroy materials in the most rational way - by impact loading as a result of two successive strokes: a hammer on a particle and particles on the surface of the deck. The execution of these attacks at right angles creates the conditions for the intensification of the destruction process. However, the wear of the hammers leads to a rounding of their impact faces, which makes the angles of attack in the active zone of the hammers significantly different from the direct one. Under the influence of shock-frictional loads, their working surfaces quickly wear out, which leads to a decrease in productivity and crushing efficiency, to an increase in energy consumption, a disturbance in the balance of hammer rotors, an increase in the vibroacoustic activity of crushers, and other negative consequences The invention of the “Hammer of the crusher” provides for the use of ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers, the durability of which, when using traditional materials and conventional heat treatment, is increased by 4...5 times, eliminates the need for periodic rearrangement of hammers, stabilizes the operation of crushers. The possibility of self-sharpening ring-shaped multi-toothed hammers after reversing the hammer rotor simplifies the maintenance of crushers, eliminates personnel errors when replacing worn hammers. If multi-toothed hammers are subjected to liquid non-electrolysis boration and heat treatment using an optical quantum generator, then their durability can increase by more than ten times.

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

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