scholarly journals M. Umemoto, An Emplical Study for the Structure of Productivity and Farm Management on Large Scale Paddy-Field Farm

1999 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Tadao Ito
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Farm Management

DEVELOPMENT OF MOVIES AS THE TEACHING TOOL ON THE MOVEMENT OF IRRIGATION WATER IN PADDY FIELDS MANAGED UNDER VARIOUS CULTIVATION METHODS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakamura Kazumasa ◽  
Sakai Miki ◽  
Koshiyama Naoko
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Teaching Tool ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Local Farmers

Hokkaido, the northern most of the four major islands of Japan, is an important rice-producing area. In Hokkaido there are some areas where the numbers of farm households are decreasing and the management scale for one farm household is increasing. In such areas, labor shortage occurs if only the conventional transplant cultivation is used. The necessity for introducing direct-seeding cultivation method has been increasing because by using this method it is possible to save labor. In some of the areas with increasing number of large-scale farm management, the farms employ large lot paddy fields and install underground irrigation facilities, which are useful in direct-seeding cultivation, to improve work efficiency. It is thought that it requires 2 to 3 years for the farmers to learn to effectively use the underground irrigation facilities because use of such facilities is a new experience for many farmers. The authors conducted observation of the groundwater level and depth of ponding in the paddy fields where the above-mentioned improvements were done, and made a movie using the obtained data. The movie is also useful for the authors in understanding the inflow and outflow of the groundwater, which are phenomena occurring underground. At a meeting of local farmers, the authors explained the movement of irrigation water by using this movie. The authors expect that the explanation using the movie will promote the farmers' understanding in effectively using the underground irrigation facilities.

scholarly journals Flooding Irrigation Weakens the Molecular Ecological Network Complexity of Soil Microbes during the Process of Dryland-to-Paddy Conversion

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Li ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Yongjun Yang ◽  
Yifei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Ecological Network ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Molecular Ecological Network

Irrigation has been applied on a large scale for the improvement of grain yield per hectare and production stability. However, the dryland-to-paddy conversion affects the ecological environment of areas of long-term dry farming, especially soil microorganisms. Little attention has been paid to the changes in microbial communities and the interactions between their populations in this process. Therefore, in this paper, the compositions and diversity of soil bacterial and fungal communities were explored through a combination of high-throughput sequencing technology and molecular ecological network methods using bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS. The results showed that: (1) both the abundance and diversity of soil bacteria and fungi decreased in a short time, and the abundance of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Olpidiomycota varied greatly. (2) Compared to dry land, the modular structure of interaction networks and interspecific relationships of bacterial and fungal communities in paddy soil were simpler, and the network became more unstable. A cooperative relationship dominated in the molecular ecological network of bacteria, while a competitive relationship was dominant in the network of fungi. Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacterial species in dry land and paddy field, respectively. Ascomycota was dominant in the fungal communities of both dry land and paddy field. (3) The change in soil environmental factors, such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM) and available potassium (AK), directly affected the soil microbial community structure, showing a significant correlation (p < 0.05). These environmental factors also influenced the dominant microbial species. Microorganisms are the most important link in the carbon and nitrogen cycles of soil, and a large-scale dryland-to-paddy conversion may reduce the ecological stability of regional soil.

Improving Agricultural Management in a Large-Scale Paddy Field by Using Remotely Sensed Data in the Ceres-Rice Model

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-228
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Rezaei ◽  
Ali Shahnazari ◽  
Mahmoud Raeini Sarjaz ◽  
Majid Vazifedoust
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data

The effect of two ammonia-emission-reducing pig housing systems on odour emission

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mol ◽  
N.W.M. Ogink
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Pair Wise Comparison

Odour nuisance from agricultural activities is increasing in densely populated countries like the Netherlands. To develop adequate regulations, a large-scale, government-financed monitoring programme was started in the mid-1990s to establish odour emission levels for both conventional and low ammonia emission housing systems for cattle, pigs and poultry. The results indicate that high- and low-odour emission housing are difficult to distinguish because of the large variation within housing systems. Measurements on different farm locations within the same housing system show both a large variation between locations and within one location (in time). The latter, however, is significantly smaller, which suggests that farm management is an important determinant in odour emission that interferes with the effects of housing systems. The current research was aimed at determining the effect of two common ammonia-reducing pig-housing systems on odour emissions compared to conventional housing systems under similar management conditions. The respective reduction principles of these systems are reducing the emitting surface of the manure pit and cooling of manure in the manure pit (both pits beneath slatted floor). Five farms that combined conventional housing with one low-ammonia system (three reduced emitting surface and two manure cooling) were selected for a direct, pair-wise comparison of (olfactometric) odour emission measurements. The results show a highly significant effect (p &lt; 0.01) for two of the three reduced emitting surface systems and for one of the two manure cooling system. The average odour reduction percentages of these systems are 35% (from 24.9 to 16.0 OUE/s per animal) and 23% (from 30.1 to 24.0 OUE/s per animal) respectively. Although odour emission reduction through the type of housing system is possible, management factors interact with the system and thereby determine whether the system reduces odour emission or not.

scholarly journals TRACKING FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES WITH REMOTE SENSING

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W2 ◽  
pp. 197-208
Author(s):  
J. P. Stals ◽  
S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Crop Type ◽  
Crop Types ◽  
Type Classification ◽  
Over Time

Earth observation (EO) data is effective in monitoring agricultural cropping activity over large areas. An example of such an application is the GeoTerraImage crop type classification for the South African Crop Estimates Committee (CEC). The satellite based classification of crop types in South Africa provides a large scale, spatial and historical record of agricultural practices in the main crop growing areas. The results from these classifications provides data for the analysis of trends over time, in order to extract valuable information that can aid decision making in the agricultural sector. Crop cultivation practices change over time as farmers adapt to demand, exchange rate and new technology. Through the use of remote sensing, grain crop types have been identified at field level since 2008, providing a historical data set of cropping activity for the three most important grain producing provinces of Mpumalanga, Freestate and North West province in South Africa. This historical information allows the analysis of farm management practices to identify changes and trends in crop rotation and irrigation practices. Analysis of crop type classification over time highlighted practices such as: frequency of cultivation of the same crop on a field, intensified cultivation on centre pivot irrigated fields with double cropping of a winter grain followed by a summer grain in the same year and increasing cultivation of certain types of crops over time such as soyabeans. All these practices can be analysed in a quantitative spatial and temporal manner through the use of the remote sensing based crop type classifications.

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