scholarly journals Removal of organics and metal ion nanoparticles from synthetic wastewater by activated sludge process (ASP)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunveer Singh ◽  
Shubhanshu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo - French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the ElementAS AAS4141 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

scholarly journals Removal of organics and metal ion nanoparticles from synthetic wastewater by activated sludge process (ASP)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunveer Singh ◽  
Shubhanshu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo - French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the ElementAS AAS4141 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

Experimental procedures characterizing transformations of wastewater organic matter in the Emscher river, Germany

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Løkkegaard Bjerre ◽  
T. Hvitved-Jacobsen ◽  
B. Teichgräber ◽  
D. te Heesen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Ruhr District ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The Emscher river in the Ruhr district, Germany, is at present acting as a large wastewater collector receiving untreated and mechanically treated wastewater. Before the Emscher flows into the river Rhine, treatment takes place in a biological wastewater treatment plant. The transformations of the organic matter in the Emscher affect the river catchment, the subsequent treatment and the river quality. This paper focuses on evaluation of methods for quantification of the microbial transformations of wastewater in the Emscher with emphasis on characterization of wastewater quality changes in terms of biodegradability of organic matter and viable biomass. The characterization is based on methods taken from the activated sludge process in wastewater treatment. Methods were evaluated on the basis of laboratory investigations of water samples from the Emscher. Incubation in batch reactors under aerobic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions were made and a case study was performed. The methods described will be used in an intensive study of wastewater transformations in the Emscher river. This study will be a basis for future investigations of wastewater quality changes in the Emscher.

A pilot scale study of a sequencing batch reactor treating municipal wastewater operated via the UP-PND process

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kornaros ◽  
C. Marazioti ◽  
G. Lyberatos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Real Wastewater

SBRs are usually preferred as small and decentralized wastewater treatment systems. We have demonstrated previously that using a frequent enough switching between aerobic and anoxic conditions and a specific to the treated wastewater aerobic to anoxic phase ratio, it is possible to by-pass the second step of nitrification (i.e. conversion of nitrite to nitrate nitrogen). This innovative process for nitrate by-pass has been branded as UP-PND (University of Patras-Partial Nitrification Denitrification) (WO 2006/129132). The proved methodology was successfully transferred from a lab-scale SBR reactor treating synthetic wastewater to a pilot-scale SBR system treating real wastewater. In this work we present the results from the operation of this pilot-scale SBR, constructed in the Wastewater Treatment Plant of Patras (Greece), using 6-hour, 8-hour and 12-hour cycles. It is demonstrated that three pairs of aerobic/anoxic phases with a relative duration of 1:2 (8-hour cycle) and 2:3 (12-hour cycle) secures the desired by-pass of nitrate production.

scholarly journals Coke oven wastewater treatment by two activated sludge systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coke Oven ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

In this study two bench scale activated sludge systems were used, a CSTR and an SBR for the treatment of coke – oven wastewater. Both reactors were inoculated with activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant. At the first stages of operation, reactors were feed by a mixture of municipal wastewater and synthetic wastewater. Full acclimatization of the microorganisms to synthetic wastewater was achieved in 60 days. The operation of the reactors was divided into three distinct periods. The first period was characterized by the treatment of high organic but non-toxic synthetic wastewater. During this period COD and BOD5 removal efficiencies reached 95 and 98% respectively, in both reactors. Nutrient removal was better in the SBR reactor rather than in the CSTR. In the second period phenol was added in concentrations up to 300 mg l-1. Degradation of phenol started about the 20th day after its introduction to the reactors. In this period no effects of phenol to nutrient removal were observed, whereas the removal efficiency of organic matter in both reactors was slightly decreased. During the third period phenol concentrations of the influent were gradually increased to 1000 mg l-1, while cyanide and thiocyanite were added to the influent composition to concentrations reaching concentrations of 20 and 250 mg l-1 respectively. The composition of the influent of this period was a full assimilation of coke oven wastewater. Introduction of increased phenol concentrations along with cyanide compounds initiated irreversible effects on the activated sludge microfauna of the CSTR causing inherent problems to the treatment process, while SBR showed greater capacity to withstand and degrade toxic compounds. The beginning of this period was characterized by decreased settleability of the suspended solids as well as decrease of organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies. Monitoring of the effluent characteristics during this period reported over 90% for organic load, 85% of nutrient removal and over 90% of phenol and cyanide removal in SBR, while the removal efficiencies for the CSTR were 75, 65 and 80% respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of tetracycline and ibuprofen on the relative abundance of protozoan and bacterial populations in wastewater treatment semi-batch reactors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drug ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The activated sludge process in Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTPs) relies on the activities of microbes to reduce the organic and inorganic matter and produce effluent that is safe to discharge into receiving waters. This research examined the effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) ibuprofen and the antibiotic tetracycline on the microbial population in activated sludge from the Humber WWTP. The current investigation was designated to observe the impact of these contaminants, at low (environmentally relative concentrations) as well as extremely high concentrations of tetracycline and ibuprofen. Using 16S and 18S rRNA gene primer sets, and qPCR the abundance of each population was monitored as well as the relative abundance of two populations under the various conditions. It was found that current environmental concentrations of ibuprofen stimulated protozoan growth but higher concentrations reduced their numbers especially in the presence of tetracycline. Finally using DGGE, the identity for some of the more abundant protozoa were identified and it was noted that high ibuprofen and tetracycline concentrations favored the abundance of some genera.

A Wastewater Treatment Plant Composed of UASB Reactors, Activated Sludge with DAF and UV Disinfection, in Series

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Campos ◽  
M.A.P. Reali ◽  
R. Rossetto ◽  
J. Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Uasb Reactors

This paper focuses the Piçarrão wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in Brazil; including its project, construction and operation, related to its first step, with working capacity until 2010 (208.785 inhabitants). The conception of the second step is also presented. This WWTP, based on the water quality of the receiving river, was designed to reach a secondary treatment level in the first step, and a tertiary treatment level in the second step. In the first step, preliminary treatment, UASB reactors, activated sludge with dissolved air flotation (DAF) and post-aeration were implanted. For the second step, denitrification, coagulation applying ferric chloride and UV disinfection should be included. In the second step, one of the UASB modules will be adapted to operate as an anoxic reactor for denitrification. The process/operation flow diagram resulted in a low complexity and relatively low cost treatment plant: USD$ 120.9 per inhabitant for implantation, and USD$ 219.05 per 1000m3 of treated wastewater. Average results for this first period of operation are: BOD5.20°C removal in the UASB reactors: 72.0%, global BOD5.20°C removal in the system: 91.4%; effluent turbidity: (11±5)NTU; total suspended solids in the effluent: (16±8)mg.L-1; fecal coliform removal ≥4 log and dewatered sludge production: 12.3 ton.d-1.

Comparison of the behaviour of selected micropollutants in a membrane bioreactor and a conventional wastewater treatment plant

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Clara ◽  
B. Strenn ◽  
M. Ausserleitner ◽  
N. Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Technique

Micropollutants as pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs), residuals of personal care products or endocrine disrupting chemicals are of increasing interest in water pollution control. In this context the removal efficiencies of sewage treatment plants (STPs) are of importance, as their effluents are important point sources for the release of those substances into the aquatic environment. Activated sludge based wastewater treatment is the worldwide prevalently used treatment technique. In conventional plants the separation of treated wastewater and sludge occurs via sedimentation. A new development is the application of membrane technology for this separation step. The studies focus on the influence of the solids retention time (SRT) on the removal efficiency, as the SRT is the most important parameter in the design of STPs. A conventional activated sludge plant (CASP) and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were operated at different SRTs. The substances selected are the antiepileptic carbamazepine, the analgesics diclofenac and ibuprofen, the lipid regulator bezafibrate, the polycyclic musks tonalide and galaxolide and the contraceptive 17α-ethinylestradiole. No significant differences in the removal efficiency were detected. Due to the absence of suspended solids in the MBR effluent, substances with high adsorption potential could be retained to slightly higher amounts.

scholarly journals Determination of methyl mercury in a pilot-scale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Methyl Mercury ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Photochemical Reactions ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aeration Tank

The methylation of mercury has been investigated and documented mainly in sediments, fish and microorganisms, while limited number of relevant studies is available for wastewater. The procedure of mercury methylation can occur via biological pathway (by microorganisms) and via chemical or photochemical reactions. Methylation of mercury occurs mainly under anaerobic conditions, but some studies have shown its existence also under aerobic conditions. The resulting concentration of methyl mercury, which is a highly toxic compound, depends on the specific rates of methylation/demethylation of mercury. The factors affecting these procedures are the availability of inorganic mercury, pH, organic matter concentration, microbial activity, redox potential and temperature. Bacteria which can methylate mercury are often present in wastewater, and, therefore, the formation of methyl mercury during wastewater treatment is possible. The objective of the present investigation was the determination of methyl mercury in a pilotscale activated sludge wastewater treatment plant supplied with synthetic wastewater enriched with mercury. For this purpose, a Liquid-Liquid Extraction / Simultaneous Derivatization - GC/MS method was developed and applied for the analysis of samples from the aeration tank, from the treatment plant effluent and from the sludge. Methyl mercury was not detected in the samples (detection limit 0.07 μg l-1), leading to the conclusion that mercury is not methylated under the particular experimental conditions of the pilot-scale water treatment plant.

Parameter Optimisation of Aerobic Granular Sludge at High Temperature Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syahira Ibrahim ◽  
Norhaliza Abdul Wahab ◽  
Aznah Nor Anuar ◽  
Mustafa Bob
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactors

This paper proposes an improved optimisation of sequencing batch reactors (SBR) for aerobic granular sludge (AGS) at high temperature-low humidity for domestic wastewater treatment using response surface methodology (RSM). The main advantages of RSM are less number of experiment required and suitable for complex process. The sludge from a conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant and three sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were fed with synthetic wastewater. The experiment were carried out at different high temperatures (30, 40 and 50°C) and the formation of AGS for simultaneous organics and nutrients removal were examined in 60 days. RSM is used to model and to optimize the biological parameters for chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phosphorus removal in SBR system. The simulation results showed that at temperature of 45.33°C give the optimum condition for the total removal of COD and phosphorus, which correspond to performance index R<sup>2</sup> of 0.955 and 0.91, respectively.

scholarly journals Determination of inert Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) fractions of Cumhuriyet University wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Activated Sludge System ◽  
Wastewater Samples

Some amounts of inert products are given into environment due to biological degradation of substrate in activated sludge system. The effluent of biological wastewater treatment consists of inert substrate in influent flow, soluble microbial products and non degradable or slowly degradable organic products. Soluble inert COD (SI) must be determined for discharge standards since it did not give any reaction in activated sludge system and was given with wastewater discharge. However particular inert COD (XI) accumulated in system depending on sludge retention time due to it is only wasted from system by wasted sludge. This study focused on inert fractions of Cumhuriyet University campus wastewater which consists of domestic, hospital and laboratory wastewaters. Experimental method was used suggested by Orhon et al. and modified by Germirli et al. in order to determine directly influent particulate and soluble inert fractions. According to the experimental procedure three aerobic batch reactors, two with the wastewater and the third with glucose were run parallel. In the reactors, the change in the soluble COD profiles is observed for a period during which all degradable COD is entirely depleted, in other words, the COD profiles reach a plateau and remain unchanged. Wastewater samples were taken equalization tank in wastewater treatment plant. The conventional parameters of campus wastewater characterization were as follows: Total COD (CT0) = 372 mg l-1, total soluble COD (STO) = 124 mg l-1, total suspended solids (TSS) =177 mg l-1, ammonia (NH3) = 31.2 mg l-1, ortho-phosphate (PO4-P) = 11.3 mg l-1 and pH=7,4 . In this study, in order to determine inert COD fractions in Cumhuriyet University campus wastewater, three aerobic batch reactor systems were used. At the end of approximately 381 h operation, COD composition of campus wastewater were found to be CT0=372 mg l-1, XS0=56 mg l-1, SS0=104 mg l-1, CS0=149 mg l-1, SI=12 mg l-1, XI=211 mg l-1, respectively.

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