scholarly journals Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of the functional neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Cinciute
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential studying human brain functioning. As follows, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle - the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR), by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling (NVC),- is still not fully overcome and more importantly often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

scholarly journals Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of functional neuroimaging

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Cinciute
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential for studying human brain functioning. Therefore, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle—the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR) by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling—is still not fully overcome and, more importantly, often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

scholarly journals Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of the functional neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Cinciute
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential studying human brain functioning. As follows, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle - the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR), by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling (NVC),- is still not fully overcome and more importantly often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

scholarly journals Towards a functional neuroanatomy of conscious perception and its modulation by volition: implications of human auditory neuroimaging studies

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1377) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
D. A. Silbersweig ◽  
E. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Functional Neuroanatomy ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Awareness ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Conscious sensory perception and its modulation by volition are integral to human mental life. Functional neuroimaging techniques provide a direct means of identifying and characterizing in vivo the systems-level patterns of brain activity associated with such mental functions. In a series of positron emission tomography activation experiments, we and our colleagues have examined a range of normal and abnormal auditory states that, when contrasted, provide dissociations relevant to the question of the neural substrates of sensory awareness. These dissociations include sensory awareness in the presence and absence of external sensory stimuli, the transition from sensory unawareness to awareness (or vice versa) in the presence of sensory stimuli, and sensory awareness with and without volition. The auditory states studied include hallucinations, mental imagery, cortical deafness modulated by attention, and hearing modulated by sedation. The results of these studies highlight the distributed nature of the functional neuroanatomy that is sufficient, if not necessary, for sensory awareness. The probable roles of unimodal association (as compared with primary) cortices, heteromodal cortices, limbic/paralimbic regions and subcortical structures (such as the thalamus) are discussed. In addition, interactions between pre– and post–rolandic regions are examined in the context of top–down, volitional modulation of sensory awareness.

Imaging auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Tracy ◽  
S. S. Shergill
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Auditory Hallucinations ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Auditory Verbal Hallucinations ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques ◽  
Made In

It is increasingly recognized that there are a heterogeneous range of symptoms within the syndrome of schizophrenia and that some of these also occur frequently within other psychiatric conditions. An approach similar to that in neuropsychology, where cases are grouped based on a discrete deficit, or in this case a discrete symptom, rather than a cause or diagnosis, may be useful in exploring the neural correlates of psychotic symptomatology. Functional neuroimaging provides an excellent tool for investigating the in vivo cortical function of patients with schizophrenia. Auditory verbal hallucinations are one of the most commonly occurring psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia; and this paper examines the progress that has been made in utilizing neuroimaging techniques to investigate auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia and review potential implications for treatment and future directions for research.

scholarly journals Extra Permeability is Required to Model Dynamic Oxygen Measurements: Evidence for Functional Recruitment?

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1402-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew JP Barrett ◽  
Vinod Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Delivery ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Simple Description ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Oxygen Measurements ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Neural activation triggers a rapid, focal increase in blood flow and thus oxygen delivery. Local oxygen consumption also increases, although not to the same extent as oxygen delivery. This ‘uncoupling’ enables a number of widely-used functional neuroimaging techniques; however, the physiologic mechanisms that govern oxygen transport under these conditions remain unclear. Here, we explore this dynamic process using a new mathematical model. Motivated by experimental observations and previous modeling, we hypothesized that functional recruitment of capillaries has an important role during neural activation. Using conventional mechanisms alone, the model predictions were inconsistent with in vivo measurements of oxygen partial pressure. However, dynamically increasing net capillary permeability, a simple description of functional recruitment, led to predictions consistent with the data. Increasing permeability in all vessel types had the same effect, but two alternative mechanisms were unable to produce predictions consistent with the data. These results are further evidence that conventional models of oxygen transport are not sufficient to predict dynamic experimental data. The data and modeling suggest that it is necessary to include a mechanism that dynamically increases net vascular permeability. While the model cannot distinguish between the different possibilities, we speculate that functional recruitment could have this effect in vivo.

What Has Direct Cortical and Subcortical Electrostimulation Taught Us about Neurolinguistics?

2019 ◽  
pp. 185-211
Author(s):  
Hugues Duffau
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Great Accuracy ◽  
Subcortical White Matter ◽  
Cerebral Lesions ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Postoperative Mri ◽  
The Brain

Investigating the neural and physiological basis of language is one of the most important challenges in neurosciences. Direct electrical stimulation (DES), usually performed in awake patients during surgery for cerebral lesions, is a reliable tool for detecting both cortical and subcortical (white matter and deep grey nuclei) regions crucial for cognitive functions, especially language. DES transiently interacts locally with a small cortical or axonal site, but also nonlocally, as the focal perturbation will disrupt the entire subnetwork sustaining a given function. Thus, in contrast to functional neuroimaging, DES represents a unique opportunity to identify with great accuracy and reproducibility, in vivo in humans, the structures that are actually indispensable to the function, by inducing a transient virtual lesion based on the inhibition of a subcircuit lasting a few seconds. Currently, this is the sole technique that is able to directly investigate the functional role of white matter tracts in humans. Thus, combining transient disturbances elicited by DES with the anatomical data provided by pre- and postoperative MRI enables to achieve reliable anatomo-functional correlations, supporting a network organization of the brain, and leading to the reappraisal of models of language representation. Finally, combining serial peri-operative functional neuroimaging and online intraoperative DES allows the study of mechanisms underlying neuroplasticity. This chapter critically reviews the basic principles of DES, its advantages and limitations, and what DES can reveal about the neural foundations of language, that is, the large-scale distribution of language areas in the brain, their connectivity, and their ability to reorganize.

scholarly journals Marine-Derived Compounds with Anti-Alzheimer’s Disease Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Salar Hafez Ghoran ◽  
Anake Kijjoa
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Pharmacologically Active Compounds

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive brain disorder that slowly destroys memory and thinking skills, and, eventually, the ability to perform simple tasks. As the aging population continues to increase exponentially, AD has become a big concern for society. Therefore, neuroprotective compounds are in the spotlight, as a means to tackle this problem. On the other hand, since it is believed—in many cultures—that marine organisms in an individual diet cannot only improve brain functioning, but also slow down its dysfunction, many researchers have focused on identifying neuroprotective compounds from marine resources. The fact that the marine environment is a rich source of structurally unique and biologically and pharmacologically active compounds, with unprecedented mechanisms of action, marine macroorganisms, such as tunicates, corals, sponges, algae, as well as microorganisms, such as marine-derived bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi, have been the target sources of these compounds. Therefore, this literature review summarizes and categorizes various classes of marine-derived compounds that are able to inhibit key enzymes involved in AD, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), β-secretase (BACE-1), and different kinases, together with the related pathways involved in the pathogenesis of AD. The compounds discussed herein are emerging as promising anti-AD activities for further in-depth in vitro and in vivo investigations, to gain more insight of their mechanisms of action and for the development of potential anti-AD drug leads.

scholarly journals The impacts of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the treatment of phobic disorders measured by functional neuroimaging techniques: a systematic review

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Galvao-de Almeida ◽  
Gerardo Maria de Araujo Filho ◽  
Arthur de Almeida Berberian ◽  
Clarissa Trezsniak ◽  
Fabiana Nery-Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Phobic Disorders ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Imaging new neurons in vivo: a pioneering tool to study the cellular biology of depression?

BioEssays ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Römer ◽  
Alexander Sartorius ◽  
Dragos Inta ◽  
Barbara Vollmayr ◽  
Peter Gass
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Biology

scholarly journals Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease. Part 1. The Potential of Functional Neuroimaging

Doctor Ru ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
M.R. Sapronova ◽  
◽  
D.V. Dmitrenko ◽  
N.A. Schnaider ◽  
A.A. Molgachev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Objective of the Review: To describe available functional neuroimaging techniques for use in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Key Points: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder which affects 2-3% of people older than 65 years. The main neuropathological hallmarks of PD are an accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the cellular cytoplasm and a loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra, leading to dopamine deficiency. Clinical symptoms of the disease appear when the underlying neural impairment is already advanced, which significantly reduces treatment options. Over the two last decades, functional neuroimaging techniques such as positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and transcranial sonography have increasingly been used for diagnosing PD during patients’ lifetime and understanding the neuropathological mechanisms and compensatory reactions underlying its symptoms, as well as for monitoring the progression of PD. Conclusion: Modern functional neuroimaging techniques not only facilitate differential diagnosis of PD, but also make it possible to detect the disease at its early/preclinical stage. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease, neuroimaging, positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transcranial sonography.

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