Imaging new neurons in vivo: a pioneering tool to study the cellular biology of depression?

BioEssays ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 806-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Römer ◽  
Alexander Sartorius ◽  
Dragos Inta ◽  
Barbara Vollmayr ◽  
Peter Gass
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Biology

scholarly journals Production and Application of Multicistronic Constructs for Various Human Disease Therapies

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa A. Shaimardanova ◽  
Kristina V. Kitaeva ◽  
Ilmira I. Abdrakhmanova ◽  
Vladislav M. Chernov ◽  
Catrin S. Rutland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Diseases ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Entry Site ◽  
Internal Ribosome Entry ◽  
New Methods ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Mutant Genes ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The development of multicistronic vectors has opened up new opportunities to address the fundamental issues of molecular and cellular biology related to the need for the simultaneous delivery and joint expression of several genes. To date, the examples of the successful use of multicistronic vectors have been described for the development of new methods of treatment of various human diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, metabolic, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative disorders. The safety and effectiveness of the joint delivery of therapeutic genes in multicistronic vectors based on the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and self-cleaving 2A peptides have been shown in both in vitro and in vivo experiments as well as in clinical trials. Co-expression of several genes in one vector has also been used to create animal models of various inherited diseases which are caused by mutations in several genes. Multicistronic vectors provide expression of all mutant genes, which allows the most complete mimicking disease pathogenesis. This review comprehensively discusses multicistronic vectors based on IRES nucleotide sequence and self-cleaving 2A peptides, including its features and possible application for the treatment and modeling of various human diseases.

scholarly journals Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of functional neuroimaging

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Cinciute
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential for studying human brain functioning. Therefore, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle—the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR) by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling—is still not fully overcome and, more importantly, often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

scholarly journals Lineage tracing: technology tool for exploring the development, regeneration, and disease of the digestive system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Fanhong Zeng ◽  
Xu Han ◽  
Jun Weng ◽  
Yi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Technology Tool ◽  
And Personalized Medicine

Abstract Lineage tracing is the most widely used technique to track the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of specific cells in vivo. The currently available gene-targeting technologies have been developing for decades to study organogenesis, tissue injury repairing, and tumor progression by tracing the fates of individual cells. Recently, lineage tracing has expanded the platforms available for disease model establishment, drug screening, cell plasticity research, and personalized medicine development in a molecular and cellular biology perspective. Lineage tracing provides new views for exploring digestive organ development and regeneration and techniques for digestive disease causes and progression. This review focuses on the lineage tracing technology and its application in digestive diseases.

scholarly journals Microfluidics-Based in Vivo Mimetic Systems for the Study of Cellular Biology

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1165-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghyuk Kim ◽  
Xiaojie Wu ◽  
Ashlyn T. Young ◽  
Christy L. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Biology

scholarly journals Charge, hydrophobicity, and confined water: putting past simulations into a simple theoretical frameworkThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue entitled “Canadian Society of Biochemistry, Molecular & Cellular Biology 52nd Annual Meeting — Protein Folding: Principles and Diseases” and has undergone the Journal's usual peer review process.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy L. England ◽  
Vijay S. Pande
Keyword(s):  
Protein Folding ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Confined Water ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Statistical Mechanical Model ◽  
Statistical Mechanical ◽  
Selection Of

Water permeates all life, and mediates forces that are essential to the process of macromolecular self-assembly. Predicting these forces in a given biological context is challenging, since water organizes itself differently next to charged and hydrophobic surfaces, both of which are typically at play on the nanoscale in vivo. In this work, we present a simple statistical mechanical model for the forces water mediates between different confining surfaces, and demonstrate that the model qualitatively unifies a wide range of phenomena known in the simulation literature, including several cases of protein folding under confinement.

Transfection of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA virus into giardia lamblia by electroporation of a single-stranded RNA copy of the viral genome

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3659-3662
Author(s):  
E S Furfine ◽  
C C Wang
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Full Length Copy

The development of a genetic vector for protozoan parasites is a major hurdle yet to be crossed in the study of the molecular and cellular biology of these parasites. We have identified and isolated a double-stranded RNA virus (G. lamblia virus [GLV]) from certain strains of the intestinal parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia (A. L. Wang and C. C. Wang, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 21:269-276, 1986), which is capable of infecting other virus-free strains of G. lamblia (R. L. Miller, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Exp. Parasitol. 66:118-123, 1988). Here we demonstrate that G. lamblia can be infected with GLV by electroporating uninfected cells with purified single-stranded RNA (E. S. Furfine, T. C. White, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7453-7467, 1989) representing a full-length copy of one strand of the GLV double-stranded RNA genome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in vivo that a single-stranded RNA is a competent replicative intermediate for this class of double-stranded RNA virus. In addition, this result represents the first long-term transfection of a protozoan by a single species of RNA and will hopefully expedite the development of GLV as a genetic transfecting vector.

scholarly journals Extensile motor activity drives coherent motions in a model of interphase chromatin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Saintillan ◽  
Michael J. Shelley ◽  
Alexandra Zidovska
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Polymeric Form ◽  
Nematic Ordering ◽  
Model Account ◽  
Active Motor ◽  
Open Question

AbstractThe 3D spatiotemporal organization of the human genome inside the cell nucleus remains a major open question in cellular biology. In the time between two cell divisions, chromatin – the functional form of DNA in cells – fills the nucleus in its uncondensed polymeric form. Recent in-vivo imaging experiments reveal that the chromatin moves coherently, having displacements with long-ranged correlations on the scale of microns and lasting for seconds. To elucidate the mechanism(s) behind these motions, we develop a novel coarse-grained active-polymer model where chromatin is represented as a confined flexible chain acted upon by molecular motors, which perform work by exerting dipolar forces on the system. Numerical simulations of this model account for steric and hydrodynamic interactions as well as internal chain mechanics. These demonstrate that coherent motions emerge in systems involving extensile dipoles and are accompanied by large-scale chain reconfigurations and nematic ordering. Comparisons with experiments show good qualitative agreement and support the hypothesis that self-organizing long-ranged hydrodynamic couplings between chromatin-associated active motor proteins are responsible for the observed coherent dynamics.

scholarly journals Transfection of the Giardia lamblia double-stranded RNA virus into giardia lamblia by electroporation of a single-stranded RNA copy of the viral genome.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 3659-3662 ◽  
Author(s):  
E S Furfine ◽  
C C Wang
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Full Length Copy

The development of a genetic vector for protozoan parasites is a major hurdle yet to be crossed in the study of the molecular and cellular biology of these parasites. We have identified and isolated a double-stranded RNA virus (G. lamblia virus [GLV]) from certain strains of the intestinal parasitic protozoan Giardia lamblia (A. L. Wang and C. C. Wang, Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 21:269-276, 1986), which is capable of infecting other virus-free strains of G. lamblia (R. L. Miller, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Exp. Parasitol. 66:118-123, 1988). Here we demonstrate that G. lamblia can be infected with GLV by electroporating uninfected cells with purified single-stranded RNA (E. S. Furfine, T. C. White, A. L. Wang, and C. C. Wang, Nucleic Acids Res. 17:7453-7467, 1989) representing a full-length copy of one strand of the GLV double-stranded RNA genome. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration in vivo that a single-stranded RNA is a competent replicative intermediate for this class of double-stranded RNA virus. In addition, this result represents the first long-term transfection of a protozoan by a single species of RNA and will hopefully expedite the development of GLV as a genetic transfecting vector.

scholarly journals Translating the hemodynamic response: why focused interdisciplinary integration should matter for the future of the functional neuroimaging

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigita Cinciute
Keyword(s):  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Hemodynamic Response ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Brain Functioning ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Physiological Phenomenon ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

The amount of information acquired with functional neuroimaging techniques, particularly fNIRS and fMRI, is rapidly growing and has enormous potential studying human brain functioning. As follows, many scientists focus on solving computational neuroimaging and Big Data issues to advance the discipline. However, the main obstacle - the accurate translation of the hemodynamic response (HR), by the investigation of a physiological phenomenon called neurovascular coupling (NVC),- is still not fully overcome and more importantly often overlooked in this context. This article provides a brief and critical overview of significant findings from cellular biology and in vivo brain physiology with a focus on advancing existing HR modelling paradigms. A brief historical timeline of these disciplines of neuroscience is presented for readers to grasp the concept better, and some possible solutions for further scientific discussion are provided.

scholarly journals Rhabdomyosarcoma: Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biology

Sarcoma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Sun ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Jacson K. Shen ◽  
Henry J. Mankin ◽  
Francis J. Hornicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Care ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Histological Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue malignancy in childhood and adolescence. The two major histological subtypes of RMS are alveolar RMS, driven by the fusion protein PAX3-FKHR or PAX7-FKHR, and embryonic RMS, which is usually genetically heterogeneous. The prognosis of RMS has improved in the past several decades due to multidisciplinary care. However, in recent years, the treatment of patients with metastatic or refractory RMS has reached a plateau. Thus, to improve the survival rate of RMS patients and their overall well-being, further understanding of the molecular and cellular biology of RMS and identification of novel therapeutic targets are imperative. In this review, we describe the most recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular biology of RMS, including alterations in oncogenic pathways, miRNA (miR),in vivomodels, stem cells, and important signal transduction cascades implicated in the development and progression of RMS. Furthermore, we discuss novel potential targeted therapies that may improve the current treatment of RMS.

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