scholarly journals A standard field protocol for testing relative disease resistance in Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W Miller ◽  
Dana E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Standard Field ◽  
Resistance Traits

Coral disease has been identified as an ongoing threat to the recovery of sustainable coral populations. This document provides a standard field protocol for screening disease resistance traits in the imperiled coral species, Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis, particularly genotypes under nursery culture for population enhancement. It is intended to be implemented by practitioners and researchers in coral restoration and provide standardized information on disease resistance that can aid in the design and success of population enhancement efforts.

scholarly journals A standard field protocol for testing relative disease resistance in Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W Miller ◽  
Dana E Williams
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Standard Field ◽  
Resistance Traits

Coral disease has been identified as an ongoing threat to the recovery of sustainable coral populations. This document provides a standard field protocol for screening disease resistance traits in the imperiled coral species, Acropora palmata and Acropora cervicornis, particularly genotypes under nursery culture for population enhancement. It is intended to be implemented by practitioners and researchers in coral restoration and provide standardized information on disease resistance that can aid in the design and success of population enhancement efforts.

scholarly journals Experimental antibiotic treatment identifies potential pathogens of white band disease in the endangered Caribbean coral Acropora cervicornis

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1788) ◽  
pp. 20140094 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sweet ◽  
A. Croquer ◽  
J. C. Bythell
Keyword(s):  
Coral Disease ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Coral Diseases ◽  
White Band ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Community Shifts ◽  
White Band Disease ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Coral diseases have been increasingly reported over the past few decades and are a major contributor to coral decline worldwide. The Caribbean, in particular, has been noted as a hotspot for coral disease, and the aptly named white syndromes have caused the decline of the dominant reef building corals throughout their range. White band disease (WBD) has been implicated in the dramatic loss of Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata since the 1970s, resulting in both species being listed as critically endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red list. The causal agent of WBD remains unknown, although recent studies based on challenge experiments with filtrate from infected hosts concluded that the disease is probably caused by bacteria. Here, we report an experiment using four different antibiotic treatments, targeting different members of the disease-associated microbial community. Two antibiotics, ampicillin and paromomycin, arrested the disease completely, and by comparing with community shifts brought about by treatments that did not arrest the disease, we have identified the likely candidate causal agent or agents of WBD. Our interpretation of the experimental treatments is that one or a combination of up to three specific bacterial types, detected consistently in diseased corals but not detectable in healthy corals, are likely causal agents of WBD. In addition, a histophagous ciliate ( Philaster lucinda ) identical to that found consistently in association with white syndrome in Indo-Pacific acroporas was also consistently detected in all WBD samples and absent in healthy coral. Treatment with metronidazole reduced it to below detection limits, but did not arrest the disease. However, the microscopic disease signs changed, suggesting a secondary role in disease causation for this ciliate. In future studies to identify a causal agent of WBD via tests of Henle–Koch's postulates, it will be vital to experimentally control for populations of the other potential pathogens identified in this study.

scholarly journals Widespread loss of Caribbean acroporid corals was underway before coral bleaching and disease outbreaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (17) ◽  
pp. eaax9395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Cramer ◽  
Jeremy B. C. Jackson ◽  
Mary K. Donovan ◽  
Benjamin J. Greenstein ◽  
Chelsea A. Korpanty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Coral Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Agricultural Areas

The mass mortality of acroporid corals has transformed Caribbean reefs from coral- to macroalgal-dominated habitats since systematic monitoring began in the 1970s. Declines have been attributed to overfishing, pollution, sea urchin and coral disease, and climate change, but the mechanisms are unresolved due to the dearth of pre-1970s data. We used paleoecological, historical, and survey data to track Acropora presence and dominance throughout the Caribbean from the prehuman period to present. Declines in dominance from prehuman values first occurred in the 1950s for Acropora palmata and the 1960s for Acropora cervicornis, decades before outbreaks of acroporid disease or bleaching. We compared trends in Acropora dominance since 1950 to potential regional and local drivers. Human population negatively affected and consumption of fertilizer for agriculture positively affected A. palmata dominance, the latter likely due to lower human presence in agricultural areas. The earlier, local roots of Caribbean Acropora declines highlight the urgency of mitigating local human impacts.

scholarly journals Microbiome differences in disease-resistant vs. susceptible Acropora corals subjected to disease challenge assays

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Rosales ◽  
Margaret W. Miller ◽  
Dana E. Williams ◽  
Nikki Traylor-Knowles ◽  
Benjamin Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Health State ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Disease Resistant ◽  
Field Assay ◽  
Dominant Bacteria

AbstractIn recent decades coral gardening has become increasingly popular to restore degraded reef ecosystems. However, the growth and survivorship of nursery-reared outplanted corals are highly variable. Scientists are trying to identify genotypes that show signs of disease resistance and leverage these genotypes in restoring more resilient populations. In a previous study, a field disease grafting assay was conducted on nursery-reared Acropora cervicornis and Acropora palmata to quantify relative disease susceptibility. In this study, we further evaluate this field assay by investigating putative disease-causing agents and the microbiome of corals with disease-resistant phenotypes. We conducted 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing on A. cervicornis and A. palmata that were grafted (inoculated) with a diseased A. cervicornis fragment. We found that independent of health state, A. cervicornis and A. palmata had distinct alpha and beta diversity patterns from one another and distinct dominant bacteria. In addition, despite different microbiome patterns between both inoculated coral species, the genus Sphingomonadaceae was significantly found in both diseased coral species. Additionally, a core bacteria member from the order Myxococcales was found at relatively higher abundances in corals with lower rates of disease development following grafting. In all, we identified Sphingomonadaceae as a putative coral pathogen and a bacterium from the order Myxococcales associated with corals that showed disease resistant phenotypes.

scholarly journals CARBONATE BIOFACIES AND PALEOECOLOGY ANALYSIS BASED ON ACROPORA CORAL IN UJUNGGENTENG AREA, WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Dwijo Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Species Description ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Acropora Cervicornis ◽  
Carbonate Facies ◽  
West Java

Biofacies concept was proposed to approach the carbonate facies determination by using coral species description and ecology reconstruction. Ujunggenteng area was selected for this study because it has modern carbonate rocks with continues distribution and contains many well-preserved coral fossils. Ujunggenteng area can be distinguished into three biofacies: Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera biofacies, Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis biofacies, and Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata biofacies. The paleobathymetry analysis had indicated that Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera biofacies grew in the deepest environment, between 8 – 13 meters depth. Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis biofacies lived in a shallower environment between 3 – 8 meters depth, and Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata biofacies was deposited between 0 – 3 meters. The Mg/Ca trend showed a negative correlation with the paleobathymetry result. Decreasing Mg/Ca ratio was related to increasing paleobathymetry. Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera biofacies has the smallest Mg/Ca ratio, between 14 – 15 mmol. Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis biofacies has Mg/Ca ratio between 17 – 21 mmol.  Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata biofacies has the highest Mg/Ca ratio, between 23 – 24 mmol. Mg/Ca ratio value was related to paleotemperature, in which the decreasing of Mg/Ca ratio associated to decreasing paleotemperature.Konsep biofasies dipilih dan diajukan sebagai salah satu pendekatan untuk penentuan fasies karbonat. Daerah Ujunggenteng dipilih untuk studi ini karena daerah ini menunjukkan perkembangan batuan karbonat yang menerus dan fosil koral yang terawetkan dengan baik. Daerah Ujunggenteng dapat dibagi menjadi tiga biofasies, yaitu biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera, biofasies Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis biofacies, dan biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata. Analisis paleobatimetri menunjukkan bahwa biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera tumbuh di lingkungan yang paling dalam, yaitu 8 – 13 meter. Biofasies Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis hidup di lingkungan yang lebih dangkal, yaitu 3 – 8 meter, dan biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata terendapkan di lingkungan yang lebih dangkal, yaitu 0 – 3 meter. Analisis kadar Mg/Ca menunjukkan nilai yang berlawanan dengan paleobatimetri. Penurunan kadar Mg/Ca memiliki hubungan dengan peningkatan paleobatimetri. Biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera memiliki nilai kadar Mg/Ca paling rendah, yaitu 14 – 15 mmol. Biofasies Acropora gemmifera – Acropora humilis memiliki kadar Mg/Ca yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palifera, yaitu 17 – 21 mmol. Biofasies Acropora cervicornis – Acropora palmata menunjukkan nilai kadar Mg/Ca yang paling tinggi, yaitu 23 – 24 mmol. Kadar Mg/Ca memiliki hubungan dengan perubahan paleotemperatur. Penurunan kadar Mg/Ca berasosiasi dengan penurunan paleotemperatur.

Association mapping of seed and disease resistance traits in Theobroma cacao L.

Planta ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 244 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambert A. Motilal ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Sue Mischke ◽  
Lyndel W. Meinhardt ◽  
Michel Boccara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Association Mapping ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Resistance Traits
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