scholarly journals CIA; assessment of Atlantic herring spawning beds as an example of effective transboundary co-operation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L Latto ◽  
Ian S Reach ◽  
Iain Warner ◽  
Mark Russell
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Free Data

In the UK, Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) has become a staple component of the licensing and regulatory assessment process. CIA considers the prospective impacts originating from new developments alongside impacts arising from existing activities. This assessment provides a representation of the disturbance experienced within UK waters, yet international transboundary effects are often overlooked or data is not freely available. An assessment of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawning beds was conducted. Seabed sediment maps, fisheries information and larval survey data were used to identify likely spawning sites. Interactions with seabed user activities and cumulative effects were then assessed for UK waters only. This methodology and the subsequent assessment have informed revised ICES management advice on activities interacting with spawning beds. The benefit of assessing single species interactions with developments is recognised, and the need for expanding the assessment to transcend territorial boundaries accepted. To extend this assessment to cover the geographic range of a mobile species such as Atlantic herring requires more data than considered previously. A proposed wider mapping project seeks to include data from fisheries, renewable energy companies, dredging companies, and statistics and mapping experts. This co-ordination between sea users and policy makers will allow a more robust assessment of the interaction of Atlantic herring with marine activities. Extending beyond this initial single species assessment it is suggested that there is a requirement for the quantifiable assessment of other individual transboundary receptors such as habitats, and mobile species such as birds and mammals. This can only be achieved through effective co-operation and free data exchange between developers and policy makers. Without clear co-ordination and the inclusion of all parameters in a CIA the true extent of impacts on the receptor cannot be determined.

scholarly journals CIA; assessment of Atlantic herring spawning beds as an example of effective transboundary co-operation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L Latto ◽  
Ian S Reach ◽  
Iain Warner ◽  
Mark Russell
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Free Data

In the UK, Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) has become a staple component of the licensing and regulatory assessment process. CIA considers the prospective impacts originating from new developments alongside impacts arising from existing activities. This assessment provides a representation of the disturbance experienced within UK waters, yet international transboundary effects are often overlooked or data is not freely available. An assessment of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawning beds was conducted. Seabed sediment maps, fisheries information and larval survey data were used to identify likely spawning sites. Interactions with seabed user activities and cumulative effects were then assessed for UK waters only. This methodology and the subsequent assessment have informed revised ICES management advice on activities interacting with spawning beds. The benefit of assessing single species interactions with developments is recognised, and the need for expanding the assessment to transcend territorial boundaries accepted. To extend this assessment to cover the geographic range of a mobile species such as Atlantic herring requires more data than considered previously. A proposed wider mapping project seeks to include data from fisheries, renewable energy companies, dredging companies, and statistics and mapping experts. This co-ordination between sea users and policy makers will allow a more robust assessment of the interaction of Atlantic herring with marine activities. Extending beyond this initial single species assessment it is suggested that there is a requirement for the quantifiable assessment of other individual transboundary receptors such as habitats, and mobile species such as birds and mammals. This can only be achieved through effective co-operation and free data exchange between developers and policy makers. Without clear co-ordination and the inclusion of all parameters in a CIA the true extent of impacts on the receptor cannot be determined.

scholarly journals Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Richardson ◽  
Jonathan A. Hare ◽  
William J. Overholtz ◽  
Donna L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Index Development ◽  
Northeast Us ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Richardson, D. E., Hare, J. A., Overholtz, W. J., and Johnson, D. L. 2010. Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 617–627. The incorporation of data from ichthyoplankton programmes into the stock assessment process has lagged far behind the use of data from comparable adult-monitoring programmes. This can in part be attributed to a mismatch between established analytical approaches to larval-index development and the inconsistencies in sampling for many long-term ichthyoplankton datasets. Along the northeast US continental shelf, ichthyoplankton surveys have been carried out by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/NOAA) multiple times annually since 1971, but the spatial and seasonal allocation of sampling has varied substantially. Here, we present a non-linear least-squares approach to larval-index development. We use the age structure and abundance of larvae on each survey to derive the larval index, along with parameters describing the survival of larvae and the seasonal cycle of hatching. Application to Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) revealed a large drop in the index around 1976, an increase in the index through the late 1980s, and another large drop in 2004. This index was correlated with the stock assessment estimate of Atlantic herring spawning-stock biomass from 1971 to 2003, but differed substantially during 2004. Our results demonstrate that our approach to larval-index development is flexible to the inconsistencies in sampling effort.

Stock Assessment Problems in Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northwest Atlantic

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sinclair ◽  
V. C. Anthony ◽  
T. D. Iles ◽  
R. N. O'Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Assessment Problems

Total annual catches of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in NAFO statistical areas 3–6 have declined steadily since 1968, and have not rebounded after management measures were implemented in the late 1970's (unlike demersal species in the area). The accuracy of the biomass estimates generated by sequential population analysis is evaluated by a retrospective analysis for 3 of the 10 management units for herring fisheries. In each case, the stock assessments have tended to seriously underestimate the declines in stock abundance and overestimate the upswings. Fishing mortalities have exceeded F0.1, but they have rarely exceeded Fmax, the level below which growth overfishing is prevented. Three assumptions in the stock assessment process are evaluated in relation to the 4WX management unit: (1) the various management units are in fact self-sustaining populations; (2) catchability (i.e. fishing mortality per unit of effort) is constant and independent of stock size; and (3) the population is in the stable age distribution. We conclude that at least part of the management failures are due to invalid assumptions in the stock assessment models. An approach that has prevented growth overfishing may well have caused recruitment overfishing. Atlantic herring should be managed on principles suited to salmon rather than those applied to groundfish.

scholarly journals Adult body growth and reproductive investment vary markedly within and across Atlantic and Pacific herring: a meta-analysis and review of 26 stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thassya C. dos Santos Schmidt ◽  
Doug E. Hay ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Jennifer A. Devine ◽  
Guðmundur J. Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

AbstractLife-history traits of Pacific (Clupea pallasii) and Atlantic (Clupea harengus) herring, comprising both local and oceanic stocks subdivided into summer-autumn and spring spawners, were extensively reviewed. The main parameters investigated were body growth, condition, and reproductive investment. Body size of Pacific herring increased with increasing latitude. This pattern was inconsistent for Atlantic herring. Pacific and local Norwegian herring showed comparable body conditions, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring generally appeared stouter. Among Atlantic herring, summer and autumn spawners produced many small eggs compared to spring spawners, which had fewer but larger eggs—findings agreeing with statements given several decades ago. The 26 herring stocks we analysed, when combined across distant waters, showed clear evidence of a trade-off between fecundity and egg size. The size-specific individual variation, often ignored, was substantial. Additional information on biometrics clarified that oceanic stocks were generally larger and had longer life spans than local herring stocks, probably related to their longer feeding migrations. Body condition was only weakly, positively related to assumingly in situ annual temperatures (0–30 m depth). Contrarily, body growth (cm × y−1), taken as an integrator of ambient environmental conditions, closely reflected the extent of investment in reproduction. Overall, Pacific and local Norwegian herring tended to cluster based on morphometric and reproductive features, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring clustered separately. Our work underlines that herring stocks are uniquely adapted to their habitats in terms of trade-offs between fecundity and egg size whereas reproductive investment mimics the productivity of the water in question.

scholarly journals Elemental Inventory in Fish Otoliths Reflects Natal Origin of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) From Baltic Sea Juvenile Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothee Moll ◽  
Paul Kotterba ◽  
Klaus Peter Jochum ◽  
Lena von Nordheim ◽  
Patrick Polte
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Natal Origin ◽  
Fish Otoliths

Interaction Between Stock Area, Stock Abundance, and Catchability Coefficient

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stock Abundance

The relationship between commercial catch-rates and population density upon which many stock assessment models depend assumes that stock area (A) is constant and independent of population abundance. Starting from a theoretical demonstration that the catchability coefficient (q) is inversely proportional to A, we establish the empirical basis of this relationship through comparisons of q and A of various Northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) stocks and, in more detail, for Fortune Bay herring. For these stocks the relationship was of the form q = cA−b. For Atlantic herring stocks, levels of b were in excess of 0.80. In Fortune Bay herring, reductions in abundance were accompanied by proportional reductions in A, which in turn was inversely correlated with changes in q. School size, measured as catch per set, also declined as population levels declined but the change was not proportional. Published findings indicate that pelagic stocks in particular, and fish stocks in general, exhibit a common response of reductions in A with interactive increases in the q during periods of rapid population decline. We conclude that the conventional assumption of a constant stock area is usually violated due to the systematic interaction between A and population abundance which is reflected in an inverse relationship between stock abundance and q. Calibration of sequential population models should therefore be restricted to research vessel data collected in a standard manner and covering the distributional area of the stock.

Ultrastructural Studies of Piscine Erythrocytic Necrosis (PEN) in Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. Reno ◽  
Marie Philippon-Fried ◽  
Bruce L. Nicholson ◽  
Stuart W. Sherburne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Type I ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Inclusion Type ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Erythrocytes of PEN-positive Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) were examined to determine their ultrastructure. Cytoplasmic inclusions were of two types when observed under the electron microscope. The first type (type I) appeared coarsely granular, electron dense, round, and up to 1.5 μm in diameter. Virions were closely associated with this type of inclusion. The second type of inclusion (type II) had approximately the same appearance as the surrounding cytoplasm, from which it was separated by a discrete membrane, and was variable in size. Virions were not intimately associated with type II inclusions. Virions occurred singly or in clusters within the cytoplasm or in association with type I inclusions and were hexagonal and 145 nm in diameter. Virions were composed of a rigid hexagonal capsid 8 nm wide, a lighter 16-nm region, and a core 100 nm in diameter. The virus of PEN is presumptively classified as an Iridovirus. Key words: ultrastructure, erythrocytes, virology

Direct and Indirect Estimation of Gillnet Selection Curves of Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Parameters ◽  
Composition Data ◽  
Catch Data ◽  
Specific Selectivity ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus

Length-specific selection curves for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) were calculated for a series of gillnets ranging in mesh size from 50.8 to 76.2 mm (stretched measure) using Holt's (1963) model (ICNAF Spec. Publ. 5: 106–115). These curves were than compared with direct estimates of length-specific selectivity obtained from a comparison of gillnet catch length frequencies with population length composition data as determined from acoustic surveys. Selection curves calculated indirectly using the Holt model were unimodal and congruent. The empirical selection curves however were multimodal and fishing power varied with mesh size. These differences in selectivities were due to the fact that herring were caught not only by wedging at the maximum girth but also at other body positions such as the gills and snout. Each of these modes of capture have different length-specific selectivity characteristics and, since the relative contributions of the different modes of capture varied both between nets and annually, the selection curve of herring for a particular mesh size is not unique. It can however be reasonably approximated when girth is used as the selection criterion. Direct empirical selectivities are therefore recommended when interpreting population parameters from herring gillnet catch data.

Potential of Eimeria sardinae (Apicomplexa: Eimeridae) Oocysts for Distinguishing between Spawning Groups and between First- and Repeat-Spawning Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus)

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 1379-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon E. McGladdery
Keyword(s):  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Spawning Grounds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mature Fish ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Immature Fish ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic

Prevalence of Eimeria sardinae oocysts was closely correlated with the maturity stage of the testes of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus). Prevalence was low in testes of immature fish, increased in ripe and spawning fish, and decreased in postspawning fish. No correlation was found between prevalence and age of spawning herring. The uniformly high prevalences in mature fish indicated the efficiency of transmission on the spawning grounds, where infective oocysts are released. Infection of first-spawning herring (approximately age 3) indicated that the oocysts may be dispersed to surrounding areas or immature fish may associate with spawning aggregations. Therefore, this parasite could not be used to distinguish first from repeat spawners. Prevalence oF E. sardinae peaked in May and September, and possibly in June and early July, thereby distinguishing two, and possibly three, spawning groups. A previous study indicated no correlation between maturity stage and infections by E. sardinae in northeastern Atlantic herring. The difference between the two sides of the Atlantic is attributed to greater mixing of immature and adult herring around spawning grounds and/or greater dispersal of infective oocysts from spawning grounds in the northeastern Atlantic, compared with those in the northwest.

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