scholarly journals Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Richardson ◽  
Jonathan A. Hare ◽  
William J. Overholtz ◽  
Donna L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Large Drop ◽  
Index Development ◽  
Northeast Us ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Abstract Richardson, D. E., Hare, J. A., Overholtz, W. J., and Johnson, D. L. 2010. Development of long-term larval indices for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) on the northeast US continental shelf. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 617–627. The incorporation of data from ichthyoplankton programmes into the stock assessment process has lagged far behind the use of data from comparable adult-monitoring programmes. This can in part be attributed to a mismatch between established analytical approaches to larval-index development and the inconsistencies in sampling for many long-term ichthyoplankton datasets. Along the northeast US continental shelf, ichthyoplankton surveys have been carried out by the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NMFS/NOAA) multiple times annually since 1971, but the spatial and seasonal allocation of sampling has varied substantially. Here, we present a non-linear least-squares approach to larval-index development. We use the age structure and abundance of larvae on each survey to derive the larval index, along with parameters describing the survival of larvae and the seasonal cycle of hatching. Application to Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) revealed a large drop in the index around 1976, an increase in the index through the late 1980s, and another large drop in 2004. This index was correlated with the stock assessment estimate of Atlantic herring spawning-stock biomass from 1971 to 2003, but differed substantially during 2004. Our results demonstrate that our approach to larval-index development is flexible to the inconsistencies in sampling effort.

Stock Assessment Problems in Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus) in the Northwest Atlantic

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 888-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sinclair ◽  
V. C. Anthony ◽  
T. D. Iles ◽  
R. N. O'Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Management Units ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Stock Assessments ◽  
Assessment Problems

Total annual catches of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in NAFO statistical areas 3–6 have declined steadily since 1968, and have not rebounded after management measures were implemented in the late 1970's (unlike demersal species in the area). The accuracy of the biomass estimates generated by sequential population analysis is evaluated by a retrospective analysis for 3 of the 10 management units for herring fisheries. In each case, the stock assessments have tended to seriously underestimate the declines in stock abundance and overestimate the upswings. Fishing mortalities have exceeded F0.1, but they have rarely exceeded Fmax, the level below which growth overfishing is prevented. Three assumptions in the stock assessment process are evaluated in relation to the 4WX management unit: (1) the various management units are in fact self-sustaining populations; (2) catchability (i.e. fishing mortality per unit of effort) is constant and independent of stock size; and (3) the population is in the stable age distribution. We conclude that at least part of the management failures are due to invalid assumptions in the stock assessment models. An approach that has prevented growth overfishing may well have caused recruitment overfishing. Atlantic herring should be managed on principles suited to salmon rather than those applied to groundfish.

Interaction Between Stock Area, Stock Abundance, and Catchability Coefficient

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 989-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Winters ◽  
J. P. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Commercial Catch ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Stock Abundance

The relationship between commercial catch-rates and population density upon which many stock assessment models depend assumes that stock area (A) is constant and independent of population abundance. Starting from a theoretical demonstration that the catchability coefficient (q) is inversely proportional to A, we establish the empirical basis of this relationship through comparisons of q and A of various Northwest Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) stocks and, in more detail, for Fortune Bay herring. For these stocks the relationship was of the form q = cA−b. For Atlantic herring stocks, levels of b were in excess of 0.80. In Fortune Bay herring, reductions in abundance were accompanied by proportional reductions in A, which in turn was inversely correlated with changes in q. School size, measured as catch per set, also declined as population levels declined but the change was not proportional. Published findings indicate that pelagic stocks in particular, and fish stocks in general, exhibit a common response of reductions in A with interactive increases in the q during periods of rapid population decline. We conclude that the conventional assumption of a constant stock area is usually violated due to the systematic interaction between A and population abundance which is reflected in an inverse relationship between stock abundance and q. Calibration of sequential population models should therefore be restricted to research vessel data collected in a standard manner and covering the distributional area of the stock.

scholarly journals Utility of 18-kHz acoustic data for abundance estimation of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan A. Saunders ◽  
Ciaran O'Donnell ◽  
Rolf J. Korneliussen ◽  
Sascha M. M. Fässler ◽  
Maurice W. Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Target Strength ◽  
Abundance Estimation ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Acoustic Data ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Age Estimates

Abstract Saunders, R. A., O'Donnell, C., Korneliussen, R. J., Fässler, S. M. M., Clarke, M. W., Egan, A, and Reid, D. 2012. Utility of 18-kHz acoustic data for abundance estimation of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1086–1098. Current acoustic survey protocols for Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) abundance estimation are principally dependent upon 38-kHz backscatter data. This can constitute a substantial problem for robust stock assessment when 38-kHz data are compromised. Research vessels now typically collect multifrequency data during acoustic surveys, which could be used to remediate such situations. Here, we investigate the utility of using 18- and 120-kHz data for herring abundance estimation when the standard 38-kHz approach is not possible. Estimates of herring abundance/biomass in the Celtic Sea (2007–2010) were calculated at 18, 38, and 120 kHz using the standard 38-kHz target-strength (TS) model and geometrically equivalent TS models at 18 and 120 kHz. These estimates were compared to assess the level of coherence between the three frequencies, and 18-kHz-derived estimates were subsequently input into standard 38-kHz-based population models to evaluate the impact on the assessment. Results showed that estimates of herring abundance/biomass from 18 and 38 kHz acoustic integration varied by only 0.3–5.4%, and acoustically derived numbers-at-age estimates were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from 1:1. Estimates at 120 kHz were also robust. Furthermore, 18-kHz-derived estimates did not significantly change the assessment model output, indicating that 18-kHz data can be used for herring stock assessment purposes.

Impacts of population and fishery spatial structures on fishery stock assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 1178-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjiang Guan ◽  
Jie Cao ◽  
Yong Chen ◽  
Matthew Cieri
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Spawning Stock ◽  
Management Area ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Spatially Explicit Data

Fish populations and fishing efforts in most fisheries exhibit spatial heterogeneity. However, spatial considerations are generally ignored in fishery stock assessment and management because of a lack of spatially explicit data and poor understanding of the spatial dynamics of most fisheries. This study uses a simulation approach to evaluate the consequences of misspecifying spatial structure and migration during the assessment process. We developed an operating model to simulate a fishery using US Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) as our model species. This population consists of two well-defined spawning substocks distributed and mixed in four management areas. Simulations were done for three alternative “true” populations, each having a different spatial structure both biologically and with regard to the geographic distribution of fishing effort. Stock assessments were then performed for the three simulated “true” populations using standard methodologies and assumptions currently used. Management-area-based assessments lead to overestimation of spawning stock biomass and underestimation of fishing mortality because of the interaction within the management area between the spatial structure of the population and that of the spatially heterogeneous fishery removals. In contrast, when fishing is spatially homogeneous, movement across management boundaries may not be relevant to modeling population dynamics. Such an idealized situation does not typically hold, however.

scholarly journals CIA; assessment of Atlantic herring spawning beds as an example of effective transboundary co-operation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L Latto ◽  
Ian S Reach ◽  
Iain Warner ◽  
Mark Russell
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Free Data

In the UK, Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) has become a staple component of the licensing and regulatory assessment process. CIA considers the prospective impacts originating from new developments alongside impacts arising from existing activities. This assessment provides a representation of the disturbance experienced within UK waters, yet international transboundary effects are often overlooked or data is not freely available. An assessment of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawning beds was conducted. Seabed sediment maps, fisheries information and larval survey data were used to identify likely spawning sites. Interactions with seabed user activities and cumulative effects were then assessed for UK waters only. This methodology and the subsequent assessment have informed revised ICES management advice on activities interacting with spawning beds. The benefit of assessing single species interactions with developments is recognised, and the need for expanding the assessment to transcend territorial boundaries accepted. To extend this assessment to cover the geographic range of a mobile species such as Atlantic herring requires more data than considered previously. A proposed wider mapping project seeks to include data from fisheries, renewable energy companies, dredging companies, and statistics and mapping experts. This co-ordination between sea users and policy makers will allow a more robust assessment of the interaction of Atlantic herring with marine activities. Extending beyond this initial single species assessment it is suggested that there is a requirement for the quantifiable assessment of other individual transboundary receptors such as habitats, and mobile species such as birds and mammals. This can only be achieved through effective co-operation and free data exchange between developers and policy makers. Without clear co-ordination and the inclusion of all parameters in a CIA the true extent of impacts on the receptor cannot be determined.

Selection of External Tags for Marking Atlantic Herring (Clupea harengus harengus)

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1341-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian S. Nakashima ◽  
G. H. Winters
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Tag Loss ◽  
Clupea Harengus Harengus ◽  
Reduced Time ◽  
Selection Of

Of seven external tags (carlin, disc and disc, disc and dangler, anchor, short anchor, dart, streamer) applied to Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus), the anchor tag is the best to use when tagging rate, recovery rate, and persistence of tagged fish in the population are considered. A high recovery rate for carlin tags was more than compensated by the higher application rate exhibited by anchor and dart tags. Anchor tagged fish had a lower sustained mortality and reduced time in setting up the tags for application compared to dart tags. Tagged herring suffered higher short and apparent long-term mortalities than the unmarked population regardless of which external tag type was applied. Long-term tag loss may have been due to tag induced mortality and/or tag shedding. Consequently, studies requiring data beyond 2 yr after release would need another type of tag. Initial mortalities of herring increased with holding and handling time for all tags tested. This result confirms that herring should be tagged immediately after capture to reduce initial mortalities.

scholarly journals CIA; assessment of Atlantic herring spawning beds as an example of effective transboundary co-operation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L Latto ◽  
Ian S Reach ◽  
Iain Warner ◽  
Mark Russell
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Seabed Sediment ◽  
Mobile Species ◽  
Free Data

In the UK, Cumulative Impact Assessment (CIA) has become a staple component of the licensing and regulatory assessment process. CIA considers the prospective impacts originating from new developments alongside impacts arising from existing activities. This assessment provides a representation of the disturbance experienced within UK waters, yet international transboundary effects are often overlooked or data is not freely available. An assessment of Atlantic herring Clupea harengus spawning beds was conducted. Seabed sediment maps, fisheries information and larval survey data were used to identify likely spawning sites. Interactions with seabed user activities and cumulative effects were then assessed for UK waters only. This methodology and the subsequent assessment have informed revised ICES management advice on activities interacting with spawning beds. The benefit of assessing single species interactions with developments is recognised, and the need for expanding the assessment to transcend territorial boundaries accepted. To extend this assessment to cover the geographic range of a mobile species such as Atlantic herring requires more data than considered previously. A proposed wider mapping project seeks to include data from fisheries, renewable energy companies, dredging companies, and statistics and mapping experts. This co-ordination between sea users and policy makers will allow a more robust assessment of the interaction of Atlantic herring with marine activities. Extending beyond this initial single species assessment it is suggested that there is a requirement for the quantifiable assessment of other individual transboundary receptors such as habitats, and mobile species such as birds and mammals. This can only be achieved through effective co-operation and free data exchange between developers and policy makers. Without clear co-ordination and the inclusion of all parameters in a CIA the true extent of impacts on the receptor cannot be determined.

Chesapeake Bay Stock Assessment: Who are they, and Where are they?

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 2705-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Fisheries Resources ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
Climate Scale ◽  
Resource And Environment

The Chesapeake Bay, while a significant habitat for fisheries resources, is in actuality an aquatic “bedroom community”, as many of the economically important species are seasonally transient. The pressure on these resources due to their demand for human consumption and recreation, proximity to extensive industrial activity along the shores, and climate scale environmental fluctuations has resulted in stock declines by most important species. Our inability to separate natural population fluctuations from those of anthropogenic origin complicates management efforts. The only way to make these separations, and subsequent informed management decisions is by supporting long-term stock assessment programs (monitoring) in the Bay which allow us to examine trends, cycles and stochastic processes between resource and environment. These programs need to monitor both recruitment and fishing mortality rates of the economically important species, and to identify and monitor the environmentally sensitive “canary” species.

scholarly journals Adult body growth and reproductive investment vary markedly within and across Atlantic and Pacific herring: a meta-analysis and review of 26 stocks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thassya C. dos Santos Schmidt ◽  
Doug E. Hay ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Jennifer A. Devine ◽  
Guðmundur J. Óskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Investment ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Pacific Herring ◽  
Atlantic Herring ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Investment In Reproduction

AbstractLife-history traits of Pacific (Clupea pallasii) and Atlantic (Clupea harengus) herring, comprising both local and oceanic stocks subdivided into summer-autumn and spring spawners, were extensively reviewed. The main parameters investigated were body growth, condition, and reproductive investment. Body size of Pacific herring increased with increasing latitude. This pattern was inconsistent for Atlantic herring. Pacific and local Norwegian herring showed comparable body conditions, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring generally appeared stouter. Among Atlantic herring, summer and autumn spawners produced many small eggs compared to spring spawners, which had fewer but larger eggs—findings agreeing with statements given several decades ago. The 26 herring stocks we analysed, when combined across distant waters, showed clear evidence of a trade-off between fecundity and egg size. The size-specific individual variation, often ignored, was substantial. Additional information on biometrics clarified that oceanic stocks were generally larger and had longer life spans than local herring stocks, probably related to their longer feeding migrations. Body condition was only weakly, positively related to assumingly in situ annual temperatures (0–30 m depth). Contrarily, body growth (cm × y−1), taken as an integrator of ambient environmental conditions, closely reflected the extent of investment in reproduction. Overall, Pacific and local Norwegian herring tended to cluster based on morphometric and reproductive features, whereas oceanic Atlantic herring clustered separately. Our work underlines that herring stocks are uniquely adapted to their habitats in terms of trade-offs between fecundity and egg size whereas reproductive investment mimics the productivity of the water in question.

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