scholarly journals A consensual Diving-PAM protocol to monitor Posidonia oceanica photosynthesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gobert ◽  
Gilles Lepoint ◽  
João Silva ◽  
Rui Santos ◽  
Pierre Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Leaf Part

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is widely recognized as an effective bioindicator of the health status of Mediterranean coastal waters. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, in particular through the Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry method, are performed to study aquatic plant ecology and vitality and to assess their responses to diverse stressful factors. However, the current understanding of P. oceanica photosynthetic responses to environmental stresses does only allow scientists to use the PAM-method as a complementary tool to other more-robust monitoring techniques. Consequently, a more in-depth knowledge of the natural causes of variability of P. oceanica photosynthetic responses are a prerequisite to any surveys relying on that time and cost-effective method. In the framework of the STARECAPMED project, this work aimed to determine the influence of several environmental (depth, daytime, season) and plant-specific characteristics (leaf age, leaf part analyzed, epiphytic coverage) on the photosynthetic responses (Y, ETR, RLC) of P. oceanica. Water temperature, irradiance and several biochemical parameters of the seagrass (chl.a, chl.b, C, N, P, micronutrients such as Fe, Cu) were measured as well. The field survey was performed in a pristine meadow in the Calvi Bay, Corsica. Environmental and plant-physiological characteristics deeply influenced P. oceanica photosynthetic responses. As an example, ETR decreased with depth, contrary to Y that mostly increased. ETR was lower in the basal part of leaf blade, and the epiphytic coverage of leaf tips slightly increased their ETR compared to leaf tips cleaned of epiphytes. Depth and leaf part-related variations in RLC were also observed. Because of this natural variability, it appears essential to develop a consensual protocol of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to publish reliable and comparable results between studies. We therefore notably suggest to perform measurements close to midday, when photosynthetic responses are the highest; at 10-15 m depth in order to avoid, among others, low depth light irradiance variability; on the middle part of the 3rd-4th external leaf, well developed, highly photosynthetic, and little epiphyted. Finally, because P. oceanica fluorescence was correlated with N, P and chl.b leaf contents, the PAM-method could afterwards be used as bioindicator technique, according to the protocol proposed.

scholarly journals A consensual Diving-PAM protocol to monitor Posidonia oceanica photosynthesis

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gobert ◽  
Gilles Lepoint ◽  
João Silva ◽  
Rui Santos ◽  
Pierre Lejeune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Plant Ecology ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses ◽  
Leaf Part

The seagrass Posidonia oceanica is widely recognized as an effective bioindicator of the health status of Mediterranean coastal waters. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, in particular through the Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM) fluorometry method, are performed to study aquatic plant ecology and vitality and to assess their responses to diverse stressful factors. However, the current understanding of P. oceanica photosynthetic responses to environmental stresses does only allow scientists to use the PAM-method as a complementary tool to other more-robust monitoring techniques. Consequently, a more in-depth knowledge of the natural causes of variability of P. oceanica photosynthetic responses are a prerequisite to any surveys relying on that time and cost-effective method. In the framework of the STARECAPMED project, this work aimed to determine the influence of several environmental (depth, daytime, season) and plant-specific characteristics (leaf age, leaf part analyzed, epiphytic coverage) on the photosynthetic responses (Y, ETR, RLC) of P. oceanica. Water temperature, irradiance and several biochemical parameters of the seagrass (chl.a, chl.b, C, N, P, micronutrients such as Fe, Cu) were measured as well. The field survey was performed in a pristine meadow in the Calvi Bay, Corsica. Environmental and plant-physiological characteristics deeply influenced P. oceanica photosynthetic responses. As an example, ETR decreased with depth, contrary to Y that mostly increased. ETR was lower in the basal part of leaf blade, and the epiphytic coverage of leaf tips slightly increased their ETR compared to leaf tips cleaned of epiphytes. Depth and leaf part-related variations in RLC were also observed. Because of this natural variability, it appears essential to develop a consensual protocol of chlorophyll fluorescence measurements to publish reliable and comparable results between studies. We therefore notably suggest to perform measurements close to midday, when photosynthetic responses are the highest; at 10-15 m depth in order to avoid, among others, low depth light irradiance variability; on the middle part of the 3rd-4th external leaf, well developed, highly photosynthetic, and little epiphyted. Finally, because P. oceanica fluorescence was correlated with N, P and chl.b leaf contents, the PAM-method could afterwards be used as bioindicator technique, according to the protocol proposed.

scholarly journals Avocado Fruit Skin Fluorescence following Hot Water Treatments and Pretreatments

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan B. Woolf ◽  
William A. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Water Treatments

Longitudinal halves of freshly harvested avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill. `Hass') were pretreated at 38C for 1 hour in a water bath, while the other half remained at 20C in air. Then the entire fruit was either treated from 1 to 10 minute at 50C, or held at 20C (controls). Fruit quality (daily evaluation of browning and internal quality when ripe), and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence measurements, were made on the skin of each fruit half 1 hour after hot water treatment (HWT), 3 hours later, and each subsequent day until ripening. The pretreated half of the fruit showed almost no development of external browning during the ripening period, while the nonpretreated halves were severely damaged by HWTs. External browning increased with longer HWT duration. Heat damage was also evident as hardening of the skin when fruit ripened, and such damage was reduced by pretreatment and increased with longer HWT duration. HWT had a rapid and marked effect on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/FM ratio) of avocado skin. Whereas fluorescence of control fruit remained constant over the first 5 days, in both pretreated and nonpretreated fruit, within 1 hour of HWT, the Fv/FM ratio had dropped to near minimal levels, with little further change. The value of Fv/FM 3 to 6 hours after the HWT was directly related to the duration of the HWT (P <0.0001). Although pretreatment almost eliminated browning, little effect of pretreatment could be detected in the Fv/FM ratio. There was a strong negative correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) between external browning and Fv/FM for nonpretreated fruit, but this correlation was not significant for pretreated fruit. We conclude that chlorophyll fluorescence clearly reflects effects of heat on the photosynthetic systems in avocado fruit, but does not detect the alleviation of heat damage by pretreatments.

scholarly journals Environmental Engineering Techniques to Restore Degraded Posidonia oceanica Meadows

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Luigi Piazzi ◽  
Stefano Acunto ◽  
Francesca Frau ◽  
Fabrizio Atzori ◽  
Maria Francesca Cinti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Sessile Invertebrates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Short Time

Seagrass planting techniques have shown to be an effective tool for restoring degraded meadows and ecosystem function. In the Mediterranean Sea, most restoration efforts have been addressed to the endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica, but cost-benefit analyses have shown unpromising results. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of environmental engineering techniques generally employed in terrestrial systems to restore the P. oceanica meadows: two different restoration efforts were considered, either exploring non-degradable mats or, for the first time, degradable mats. Both of them provided encouraging results, as the loss of transplanting plots was null or very low and the survival of cuttings stabilized to about 50%. Data collected are to be considered positive as the survived cuttings are enough to allow the future spread of the patches. The utilized techniques provided a cost-effective restoration tool likely affordable for large-scale projects, as the methods allowed to set up a wide bottom surface to restore in a relatively short time without any particular expensive device. Moreover, the mats, comparing with other anchoring methods, enhanced the colonization of other organisms such as macroalgae and sessile invertebrates, contributing to generate a natural habitat.

Monitoring of cold and light stress impact on photosynthesis by using the laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pieruschka ◽  
Denis Klimov ◽  
Zbigniew S. Kolber ◽  
Joseph A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements have been widely applied to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of plants non-destructively. The most commonly used pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) technique provides a saturating light pulse, which is not practical at the canopy scale. We report here on a recently developed technique, laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT), which is capable of remotely measuring the photosynthetic efficiency of selected leaves at a distance of up to 50 m. The LIFT approach correlated well with gas exchange measurements under laboratory conditions and was tested in a field experiment monitoring the combined effect of low temperatures and high light intensity on a variety of plants during the early winter in California. We observed a reduction in maximum and effective quantum yield in electron transport for Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon esculentum L. and Persea americana Mill. as the temperatures fell, while a grass community was not affected by combined low temperature and high light stress. The ability to make continuous, automatic and remote measurements of the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves with the LIFT system provides a new approach for studying and monitoring of stress effects on the canopy scale.

Decreased photosynthetic efficiency in plant species exposed to multiple airborne pollutants along the Russian-Norwegian border

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Odasz-Albrigtsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Patrick Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Study Sites

Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) in 11 plant species growing along a steep gradient of airborne pollution along the Russian-Norwegian border (70°N, 30°E). Photosynthetic efficiency was positively correlated with environmental variables including annual temperature and a maritime gradient and was negatively correlated with the airborne concentrations of Cu, Ni, and SO2 from the Cu-Ni smelters. Photosynthetic efficiency in six plant species from the mixed forest, but not pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and three species from the birch forest was inversely correlated with SO2 and the concentrations of Ni and Cu in lichens. Measurement of fluorescence in these species was a sensitive indicator of pollutant impact. Plant cover at the 16 study sites and the photosynthetic efficiency of five target species correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. This study demonstrated that it is possible to detect relations among field-measured ecophysiological responses in plants, levels of airborne pollutants, and satellite remote-sensed data.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, smelters, sulfur dioxide, nickel, copper, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation of agrochemical interactions with propanil on propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Ronald E. Talbert ◽  
Robert E. Hoagland
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Photosynthetic Inhibition ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Transport Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Segments

Resistance to propanil by a barnyardgrass (BYG) biotype has been reported, and its occurrence is becoming widespread in U.S. rice-producing regions. Interactions between propanil and the herbicides anilofos, molinate, pendimethalin, piperophos, quinclorac, and thiobencarb and the insecticide carbaryl were evaluated in laboratory studies for improved control of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (R-BYG). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of BYG leaf segments were used to ascertain electron transport inhibition and to assess the synergy/antagonism of propanil (100 μM) with the various additives (50 μM). Synergistic effects on photosynthetic inhibition were found with anilofos, carbaryl, pendimethalin, and piperophos in combination with propanil. Such synergistic actions of chemicals with propanil may lead to chemical combinations useful for R-BYG control.

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