Monitoring of cold and light stress impact on photosynthesis by using the laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) approach

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Pieruschka ◽  
Denis Klimov ◽  
Zbigniew S. Kolber ◽  
Joseph A. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Laser Induced Fluorescence ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements

Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements have been widely applied to quantify the photosynthetic efficiency of plants non-destructively. The most commonly used pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) technique provides a saturating light pulse, which is not practical at the canopy scale. We report here on a recently developed technique, laser induced fluorescence transient (LIFT), which is capable of remotely measuring the photosynthetic efficiency of selected leaves at a distance of up to 50 m. The LIFT approach correlated well with gas exchange measurements under laboratory conditions and was tested in a field experiment monitoring the combined effect of low temperatures and high light intensity on a variety of plants during the early winter in California. We observed a reduction in maximum and effective quantum yield in electron transport for Capsicum annuum L., Lycopersicon esculentum L. and Persea americana Mill. as the temperatures fell, while a grass community was not affected by combined low temperature and high light stress. The ability to make continuous, automatic and remote measurements of the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves with the LIFT system provides a new approach for studying and monitoring of stress effects on the canopy scale.

Is the in vivo Photosystem I Function Resistant to Photoinhibition? An Answer from Photoacoustic and Far-Red Absorbance Measurements in Intact Leaves

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1038-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Havaux ◽  
Murielle Eyletters
Keyword(s):  
Light Stress ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Treatment ◽  
High Light ◽  
Saturation Curve ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Ps I

Abstract Preillumination of intact pea leaves with a strong blue-green light of 400 W m-2 markedly inhibited both photoacoustically monitored O2-evolution activity and PS II photochemistry as estimated from chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. The aim of the present work was to examine, with the help of the photoacoustic technique, whether this high-light treatment deteriorated the in vivo PS I function too. High-frequency photoacoustic measurements indicated that photochemical conversion of far-red light energy in PS I was preserved (and even transiently stimulated) whereas photochemical energy storage monitored in light exciting both PS I and PS II was markedly diminished. Low-frequency photoacoustic measurements of the Emerson enhancement showed a spectacular change in the PS II/PS I activity balance in favor of PS I. It was also observed that the linear portion of the saturation curve of the far-red light effect in the Emerson enhancement was not changed by the light treatment. Those results lead to the conclusion that, in contrast to PS II, the in vivo PS I photofunctioning was resistant to strong light stress, thus confirming previous suggestions derived from in vitro studies. Estimation of the redox state of the PS I reaction center by leaf absorbance measurements at ca. 820 nm suggested that, under steady illumination, a considerably larger fraction of PS I centers were in the closed state in high-light pretreated leaves as compared to control leaves, presumably allowing passive adjustment of the macroscopic quantum yield of PS I photochemis­ try to the strongly reduced photochemical efficiency of photoinhibited PS II.

Does Astaxanthin Protect Haematococcus against Light Damage?

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Fan ◽  
Avigad Vonshak ◽  
Aliza Zarka ◽  
Sammy Boussiba
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Light Damage ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Very High

Abstract The photoprotective function of the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin in Haematococcus was questioned. When exposed to high irradiance and/or nutritional stress, green Haematococcus cells turned red due to accumulation of an immense quantity of the red pigment astaxanthin. Our results demonstrate that: 1) The addition of diphenylamine, an inhibitor of astaxanthin biosynthesis, causes cell death under high light intensity; 2) Red cells are susceptible to high light stress to the same extent or even higher then green ones upon exposure to a very high light intensity (4000 μmol photon m-2 s-1); 3) Addition of 1O2 generators (methylene blue, rose bengal) under noninductive conditions (low light of 100 (μmol photon m-2 s-1) induced astaxanthin accumulation. This can be reversed by an exogenous 1O2 quencher (histidine); 4) Histidine can prevent the accumulation of astaxanthin induced by phosphate starvation. We suggest that: 1) Astaxanthin is the result of the photoprotection process rather than the protective agent; 2) 1O2 is involved indirectly in astaxanthin accumulation process.

Effect of Membrane Fluidity on Photoinhibition of Isolated Thylakoids Membranes at Room and Low Temperature

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Velitchkova ◽  
Antoaneta Popova ◽  
Tzvetelina Markova
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
High Light ◽  
Time Dependencies

The relationship between thylakoid membrane fluidity and the process of photoinhibition at room and low (4 °C) temperature was investigated. Two different membrane perturbing agents - cholesterol and benzylalcohol were applied to manipulate the fluidity of isolated pea thylakoids. The photochemical activity of photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), polarographically determined, were measured at high light intensity for different time of illumination at both temperatures. The exposure of cholesterol- and benzylalcohol-treated thylakoid membranes to high light intensities resulted in inhibition of both studied photochemical activities, being more pronounced for PSII compared to PSI. Time dependencies of inhibition of PSI and PSII electron transport rates for untreated and membranes with altered fluidity were determined at 20 °C and 4 °C. The effect is more pronounced for PSII activity during low-temperature photoinhibition. The data are discussed in terms of the determining role of physico-chemical properties of thylakoid membranes for the response of photosynthetic apparatus to light stress.

The Effect of Nano-ZnO on the Photosynthetic Capacity and Survival of Anabaena sp. and M. aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Jian Fen Du ◽  
Yu Lin Tang ◽  
Qian Li
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Anabaena Sp

Anabaena sp. and M. aeruginosa were used to examine the toxic mechanism of nanoZnO to them, as well as the toxicity. Typical chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including effective quantum yield, photosynthetic efficiency and maximum electron transport rate, were measured by a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Results showed that nanoZnO could inhibit Anabaena sp. and M.aeruginosa growth with the EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 0.74±0.01 and 1.68±0.01 mg/L respectively. The toxicity of nanoZnO to Anabaena sp. is higher than that to M.aeruginosa, which can be proved by the malondialdehyde content in Anabaena sp. and M.aeruginosa cells.

Toxicity of Nano-ZnO and Nano-TiO2 to M. aeruginosa

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 278-281
Author(s):  
Zhe Hua Xue ◽  
Yu Lin Tang ◽  
Yu Hui Sun
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Maximal Effect ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Anabaena Sp

Anabaena sp.andM. aeruginosawere used to examine the toxic mechanism of nano-ZnO to them, as well as the toxicity. Typical chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, including effective quantum yield, photosynthetic efficiency and maximum electron transport rate, were measured by a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer. Results showed that nano-ZnO could inhibitAnabaena sp.andM. aeruginosagrowth with the EC50(concentration for 50% of maximal effect) of 0.74±0.01 and 1.68±0.01 mg/L respectively. The toxicity of nano-ZnO toAnabaena sp.is higher than that toM. aeruginosa, which can be proved by the malondialdehyde content inAnabaena sp.andM. aeruginosacells.

scholarly journals Avocado Fruit Skin Fluorescence following Hot Water Treatments and Pretreatments

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan B. Woolf ◽  
William A. Laing
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Water Treatments

Longitudinal halves of freshly harvested avocado fruit (Persea americana Mill. `Hass') were pretreated at 38C for 1 hour in a water bath, while the other half remained at 20C in air. Then the entire fruit was either treated from 1 to 10 minute at 50C, or held at 20C (controls). Fruit quality (daily evaluation of browning and internal quality when ripe), and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorescence measurements, were made on the skin of each fruit half 1 hour after hot water treatment (HWT), 3 hours later, and each subsequent day until ripening. The pretreated half of the fruit showed almost no development of external browning during the ripening period, while the nonpretreated halves were severely damaged by HWTs. External browning increased with longer HWT duration. Heat damage was also evident as hardening of the skin when fruit ripened, and such damage was reduced by pretreatment and increased with longer HWT duration. HWT had a rapid and marked effect on chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/FM ratio) of avocado skin. Whereas fluorescence of control fruit remained constant over the first 5 days, in both pretreated and nonpretreated fruit, within 1 hour of HWT, the Fv/FM ratio had dropped to near minimal levels, with little further change. The value of Fv/FM 3 to 6 hours after the HWT was directly related to the duration of the HWT (P <0.0001). Although pretreatment almost eliminated browning, little effect of pretreatment could be detected in the Fv/FM ratio. There was a strong negative correlation (r = 0.93, P < 0.0001) between external browning and Fv/FM for nonpretreated fruit, but this correlation was not significant for pretreated fruit. We conclude that chlorophyll fluorescence clearly reflects effects of heat on the photosynthetic systems in avocado fruit, but does not detect the alleviation of heat damage by pretreatments.

scholarly journals Zeaxanthin-dependent nonphotochemical quenching does not occur in photosystem I in the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (18) ◽  
pp. 4828-4832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijin Tian ◽  
Pengqi Xu ◽  
Volha U. Chukhutsina ◽  
Alfred R. Holzwarth ◽  
Roberta Croce
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Photosystem I ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nonphotochemical Quenching ◽  
High Light ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Kinetics Of

Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) is the process that protects the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and algae from photodamage by dissipating as heat the energy absorbed in excess. Studies on NPQ have almost exclusively focused on photosystem II (PSII), as it was believed that NPQ does not occur in photosystem I (PSI). Recently, Ballottari et al. [Ballottari M, et al. (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111:E2431–E2438], analyzing PSI particles isolated from an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant that accumulates zeaxanthin constitutively, have reported that this xanthophyll can efficiently induce chlorophyll fluorescence quenching in PSI. In this work, we have checked the biological relevance of this finding by analyzing WT plants under high-light stress conditions. By performing time-resolved fluorescence measurements on PSI isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana WT in dark-adapted and high-light–stressed (NPQ) states, we find that the fluorescence kinetics of both PSI are nearly identical. To validate this result in vivo, we have measured the kinetics of PSI directly on leaves in unquenched and NPQ states; again, no differences were observed. It is concluded that PSI does not undergo NPQ in biologically relevant conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The possible role of zeaxanthin in PSI photoprotection is discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of light on photosynthetic efficiency of sequestered chloroplasts in intertidal benthic foraminifera (<i>Haynesina germanica</i> and <i>Ammonia tepida</i>)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Jauffrais ◽  
Bruno Jesus ◽  
Edouard Metzger ◽  
Jean-Luc Mouget ◽  
Frans Jorissen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Foraminifera ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
High Light ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Production ◽  
Pam Fluorometry ◽  
Light History ◽  
Effect Of Light

Abstract. Some benthic foraminifera have the ability to incorporate functional chloroplasts from diatoms (kleptoplasty). Our objective was to investigate chloroplast functionality of two benthic foraminifera (Haynesina germanica and Ammonia tepida) exposed to different irradiance levels (0, 25, 70 μmol photon m-2 s-1) using spectral reflectance, epifluorescence observations, oxygen evolution and pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry. Our results clearly showed that H. germanica was capable of using its kleptoplasts for more than one week while A. tepida showed very limited kleptoplastic ability with maximum photosystem II quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm = 0.4), much lower than H. germanica and decreasing to zero in only one day. Only H. germanica showed net oxygen production with a compensation point at 24 μmol photon m-2 s-1 and a production up to 1000 pmol O2 cell-1 day-1 at 300 μmol photon m-2 s-1. Haynesina germanica Fv/Fm slowly decreased from 0.65 to 0.55 in 7 days when kept in darkness; however, it quickly decreased to 0.2 under high light. Kleptoplast functional time was thus estimated between 11 and 21 days in darkness and between 7 and 8 days at high light. These results emphasize that studies about foraminifera kleptoplasty must take into account light history. Additionally, this study showed that the kleptoplasts are unlikely to be completely functional, thus requiring continuous chloroplast resupply from foraminifera food source. The advantages of keeping functional chloroplasts are discussed but more information is needed to better understand foraminifera feeding strategies.

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