scholarly journals EFFECT OF CERTAIN BARN CONSTRUCTION CHARACTERISTICS ON INDOOR CLIMATE STATUS IN DAIRY BARNS IN BOSNIA AND HEREGOVINA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Erbez ◽  
B. Važić ◽  
B. Rogić ◽  
V. Jovović ◽  
A. Marić
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Trained Observers ◽  
Environment Parameters

The aim of this field study was to describe climatic status in dairy barns in lowland and in mountainous regions of BiH, and to examine correlations between chosen housing parameters and indoor climate. Totally 76 herds were visited once by a team of trained observers in 18 municipalities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All barns in mountain region had tie-stall housing system (MH), while 30 barns in lowland regions had tie-stall system (LTS) and 8 of those loose housing (LLH) with or without cubicles. Presence of CO2 was quite different between groups, the average lowest was found in LLH and it was 627.5 ppm (ranging from 390 – 890), in LTS 936.7 (390-1690), in MH 1105.7 (390-5390). The highest measures roof temperatures were at LTS, and the average was 12.7, while in LLH were 10.49, MH 11.14 and AF 11.70. Mean floor area per animal for all farms was 6 m2/animal, in MH 6.4, LTS 5.4 and LLH 6 m2/animal. Mean barn volume for all farms was 27.9 m3/animal, in MH 25.5, LTS 26.5 and LLH 44.2 m3/animal. Average barn height was 3.6 m for AF, 5.7 m for LLH, 4 m for LTS and 2.8 meters for MH. The negative correlations between construction environment parameters was found for all combinations except for the air velocity in LTS barns. Some of the construction parameters could help in overall estimation of the housing quality in dairy cattle barns.

scholarly journals Indoor climatic status during winter conditions in dairy herds in Bosnia and Herzegovina

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Miljan ERBEZ ◽  
Božo VAŽIĆ ◽  
Knut Egil BØE ◽  
Lars Erik RUUD
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Recommended Level

The aim of this cross-sectional field study was to describe climatic status in dairy barns during winter conditions both in lowland and in mountainous regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. While all the mountain herds had tie-stall systems (MT), eight of the lowland herds had group housing systems (LG) and the remaining 30 herds had tie-stall systems (LT). The mean indoor air temperature (T<sub>i</sub>) was around 10 °C across types of barns and in all herds T<sub>i</sub> was above 0 °C. The mean relative air humidity (RH) was actually highest in the LT-group, but within the recommended level for both LG, LT and MT barns. At the 15 % of the MT barns, 17 % of the LT barns and 38 % of the LG barns the air velocity was &gt; 0.2 m/s. The level of NH<sub>3</sub> was quite low in all groups of barns, although somewhat higher in LT-barns. In none of the barns the level of NH3 exceeded 3 ppm. Only in one barn (a MT-barn) the level of CO<sub>2</sub> exceeded 3000 ppm. We conclude that the climatic status in most dairy barns in Bosnia and Herzegovina during winter seem to be acceptable.

Experimental Measurements Research on Internal Micro-Environment of Individually Ventilated Cage System

2013 ◽  
Vol 401-403 ◽  
pp. 1044-1047
Author(s):  
Dong Xie ◽  
Shun Quan Mo
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Animal ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Air Distribution ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Internal Environment ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Environment Parameters ◽  
Edge Side

This paper firstly presents the operation principle of individually ventilated cages (IVC) system. Measurements on micro-environment of IVC system in laboratory animal room at University of South China are conducted to attain the internal environment parameters (Temperature, humidity, air velocity, air cleanliness and noise). Research results show that internal micro-environment parameters basically meet national standards about the barrier environment, but internal air distribution is uneven. In IVC system, air velocities in the edge side are higher than in the middle side, and the maximum air velocity is about 10% larger than the minimum value. Temperature in internal micro-environment depends on indoor temperatures which IVC system located in, and there has a close correlation between air velocity and temperatures. Internal environment evaluation could provide the first-hand research materials for guiding the breeding and management of laboratory animal.

scholarly journals Rearing conditions, health and welfare of dairy cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavca Hristov ◽  
B. Stankovic ◽  
Z. Zlatanovic ◽  
M. Joksimovic-Todorovic ◽  
V. Davidovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Absolute Minimum ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Normal Behavior ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Recent Developments

This paper provides an overview of recent developments in rearing conditions, health and welfare issues of dairy cows. The last approximately 30 years has witnessed worldwide increasing scientific research, consumer activity, and political response towards housing condition, health and welfare issues of dairy cattle. All buildings and housing systems for dairy cattle should be designed, constructed, maintained and managed to assist in the achievement of the Five Freedoms: freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom to express normal behavior and freedom from fear and distress. Whether dairy cows are housed in cubicles, straw yards or cow sheds, in order to maximize their performance and to ensure satisfactory standards of welfare, the accommodation must provide the most basic behavioral and physiological needs. As an absolute minimum, the housing must provide a comfortable, clean, well drained and dry lying area together with shelter from adverse weather. Also, it must allow the cow to move freely around without risk of injury and certain diseases. If the housing system does not provide for these basic needs, then not only will health, welfare and production of dairy cattle be compromised, but it is likely that failure to comply with the welfare codes and the law relating to animal welfare will occur.

Evaluation of Indoor Climate in Small University Lecture Hall

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
The University

This paper is focuses on the evaluation of the indoor climate in the small university lecture hall. Providing the optimal parameters of thermal comfort in the interiors of a university is immensely important for the students of the university. Fulfilling these parameters is inevitable not only for the physiological needs of students but also for the required performance of students. Reconstruction took place in the small university lecture hall. The original windows were exchanged for the modern wood tight windows. Experimental measurements were carried out in the winter season in 2016 in this small university lecture hall in order to evaluate the thermal comfort after the reconstruction. The device Testo 480 was used for the measurements. Obtained values of air temperature, air relative humidity, air velocity, globe temperature and indexes PMV, PPD are presented in the graphs. Heating, operation and architectural design of the small university lecture hall were evaluated on the basis of the parameters of thermal comfort. In the conclusion of this paper, there are principles how to design new small university lecture halls. Furthermore, there are presented recommendations how to operate the existing small university lecture halls.

Evaluation of Indoor Climate in Big Lecture Hall

2019 ◽  
Vol 887 ◽  
pp. 475-483
Author(s):  
Mária Budiaková
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Operation System

The paper is oriented on the evaluation of the indoor climate in the big lecture hall. Providing the optimal parameters of the thermal comfort and the CO2 concentration is immensely important for the students in the interiors of a university. Meeting these parameters is inevitable not only from physiological point of view but also for achieving the desirable students' performance. The high CO2 concentration is related to incorrect and insufficient ventilation in the lecture hall and causes distractibility and feeling of tiredness of students. Experimental measurements were carried out in the winter season in 2016 in the big lecture hall in order to evaluate the thermal comfort and the CO2 concentration. The device Testo 480 was used for the measurements. Obtained values of air temperature, air relative humidity, air velocity, CO2 concentration are presented in the charts. Mechanical ventilation system and operation system of the big university lecture hall were evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the thermal comfort and on the basis of the CO2 concentration. Based on the findings, design recommendations for new big university lecture halls are derived. Furthermore, there are presented recommendations how to operate the existing big university lecture halls.

Generation intervals in Canadian dairy cattle herds

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
Bernard Ato Hagan ◽  
Roger Cue
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Herds

Genetic evaluation records for the Canadian Holstein, Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss bulls and cows born from 1950 and 1960, respectively, were used to study the generation intervals (L) along the four-path selection model. The objectives of the study were to determine the L in the four dairy cattle breeds and the effects of some environmental factors and variations among herds or artificial insemination (AI) studs on the L achieved. Total L of the four selection paths was reduced by 55% from 29.2 yr in 1980 to 13.2 yr in 2016 in the Holstein breed. Substantial reductions in total L were also observed in the Ayrshire, Jersey, and Brown Swiss populations between 1980 and 2016. Unlike progeny year of birth, housing system, agricultural region in Québec (region) — as well as their interaction — were not important on realised L of sires and dams used on Canadian dairy farms. There were significant variations among herds and AI studs on the age of sires and dams used for breeding. The considerable variations in realised L among herds and AI studs offer opportunities to increase the annual rate of genetic progress in the four Canadian dairy cattle populations.

scholarly journals Effect of zeolite on the chemical composition of milk from Serbian spotted dairy cattle

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 993-1000
Author(s):  
R. Djokovic ◽  
Z. Ilic ◽  
M.P. Petrovic ◽  
S. Pesev ◽  
B. Ristanovic
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Specific Trait

Milk yield and milk chemical composition are largely affected by the quality of dairy cattle diet. The chemical composition of milk is dependent upon a large number of factors, including breed, diet, care, housing system, stage of lactation, etc. Milk composition is primarily a breed-specific trait. This study was conducted over a period of 15 months, involving Serbian Spotted dairy cattle. The experimental animals were assigned to three groups, each receiving different levels of supplemental zeolite. The control group comprised cows that received no zeolite supplement. Experimental Groups I and II were fed compound feeds supplemented with 4% and 2% zeolite, respectively. Milk samples were analysed for the contents of milk fat, proteins, fat-free solids and lactose, and density. The results obtained suggest that zeolite supplementation affects milk chemical composition, depending on the zeolite level present in livestock feed.

scholarly journals IS THE WESTERN BALKANS A FAVORABLE REGION FOR RECRUITMENT OF JIHADISTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Ilhan Eminov
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
The Developed Countries

There are over 5 million Muslims representing 25 % of the region's population living on the territory of former Yugoslavia which had roughly 20 million citizens. By comparison, there are also around 5 million Muslims living in France, a country that had several colonies in the Muslim world, but the population ratio is different compared to the 60 million of the French population. Unlike the developed countries of Europe, the economies of the Balkan countries were destroyed by numerous interethnic conflicts. After the war of the '90s, the Balkans were living in a longtime economic and social crisis and a state of organized crime. With the beginnings of party pluralism, the different religions gained their former religious identity back.In Croatia and Slovenia, the Catholicism experienced a renaissance, same as the orthodoxy did in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro and the Islam did in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Western Macedonia and Sandzak. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the fall of communism in the Balkans, the opportunity for increased foreign religious influence became a reality.Today, the image of a tolerant, open Islam from the communist era is still present, although it too is affected. During the several decades of communist rule, the traditional religious networks that affirmed an Islam shielded from Wahhabist and Salafist influences were disintegrated.108The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina intensified the implantation of the mujahidin in Bosnia in 1995. The traditional Muslim imams gradually lost their authority to the newcomers in a large number of mosques. At the same time, in light of its powerlessness, the state began to lose control in the field. It is estimated that some 67 mosques are controlled by radical Islam today, especially in rural and mountainous regions.109Under the pressure of great financial resourced which flowed in from Gulf countries, the education of Bosnian imams in Egypt and Saudi Arabia began. Step by step, Salafist imams were installed in the region preaching a more radical Islam. In such a situation, it was easier to recruit future Jihadists, especially among the socially vulnerable population.110 For example, one graffiti in Pristina (Republic of Kosovo) states: "Every woman will receive 200 euro a month if she wears a niqab".111 The radicalization spread in Bosnia and Kosovo with the greatest intensity. "Bosnia and Kosovo remain the most dangerous countries in Europe due to their political weakness and the high corruption rate. More than 75.000 weapons circulate in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one Kalashnikov can be bought for the price of 200 euro and easily brought into the Schengen region", a former police officer of the EU in Bosnia and Herzegovina points out

scholarly journals Thermal comfort and draught assessment in a modern open office building in Tallinn

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 02013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kiil ◽  
Alo Mikola ◽  
Martin Thalfeldt ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Air Exchange Rate ◽  
Air Speed ◽  
Open Office

Modern office building users have high expectations about the working environment and thermal comfort, which requires the installation of complex technical systems such as combined cooling and ventilation. Room conditioning units of these systems must ensure temperature and ventilation control in a way that air velocity is low and the air temperature in acceptable range. Achieving air distribution avoiding draught is one of the key elements of a thermal comfort in modern office landscape. Higher air velocity in occupied zone is easily perceived as draught, which causes occupant dissatisfaction and complaints, as well as decrease in the productivity or effective floor space area. To reduce complaints, room air temperature setpoints or ventilation airflow rates are often modified, which may result in higher heating energy demand. In addition, excessive heating setpoint rise will not only consume more energy, but may cause health problems. Compared to cellular offices it is more difficult to ensure thermal comfort conditions in open office spaces where there are no walls for air flows. In addition, due to the higher number of employees it is more difficult to meet satisfactory conditions for everyone. The aim of this study was to evaluate thermal comfort parameters such as room air temperature, air speed and supply air temperature and how the users sense it in a modern office building in Tallinn, Estonia. Design room air temperature setpoints and air exchange rate were evaluated on open office spaces. Measured data with web-based indoor climate questionnaire was analysed. Results show which design and measured parameters make it possible to match the user comfort at all times.

Validation of a Dictyocaulus viviparus MSP-ELISA and cut-off adjustment in a one-year longitudinal field study in dairy cattle herds

2012 ◽  
Vol 189 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Schunn ◽  
Andrew Forbes ◽  
Thomas Schnieder ◽  
Christina Strube
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Longitudinal Field ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
One Year
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