scholarly journals IS THE WESTERN BALKANS A FAVORABLE REGION FOR RECRUITMENT OF JIHADISTS?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Ilhan Eminov
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Religious Influence ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Radical Islam ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
The Developed Countries

There are over 5 million Muslims representing 25 % of the region's population living on the territory of former Yugoslavia which had roughly 20 million citizens. By comparison, there are also around 5 million Muslims living in France, a country that had several colonies in the Muslim world, but the population ratio is different compared to the 60 million of the French population. Unlike the developed countries of Europe, the economies of the Balkan countries were destroyed by numerous interethnic conflicts. After the war of the '90s, the Balkans were living in a longtime economic and social crisis and a state of organized crime. With the beginnings of party pluralism, the different religions gained their former religious identity back.In Croatia and Slovenia, the Catholicism experienced a renaissance, same as the orthodoxy did in Serbia, Macedonia and Montenegro and the Islam did in Bosnia, Albania, Kosovo, Western Macedonia and Sandzak. After the disintegration of Yugoslavia and the fall of communism in the Balkans, the opportunity for increased foreign religious influence became a reality.Today, the image of a tolerant, open Islam from the communist era is still present, although it too is affected. During the several decades of communist rule, the traditional religious networks that affirmed an Islam shielded from Wahhabist and Salafist influences were disintegrated.108The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina intensified the implantation of the mujahidin in Bosnia in 1995. The traditional Muslim imams gradually lost their authority to the newcomers in a large number of mosques. At the same time, in light of its powerlessness, the state began to lose control in the field. It is estimated that some 67 mosques are controlled by radical Islam today, especially in rural and mountainous regions.109Under the pressure of great financial resourced which flowed in from Gulf countries, the education of Bosnian imams in Egypt and Saudi Arabia began. Step by step, Salafist imams were installed in the region preaching a more radical Islam. In such a situation, it was easier to recruit future Jihadists, especially among the socially vulnerable population.110 For example, one graffiti in Pristina (Republic of Kosovo) states: "Every woman will receive 200 euro a month if she wears a niqab".111 The radicalization spread in Bosnia and Kosovo with the greatest intensity. "Bosnia and Kosovo remain the most dangerous countries in Europe due to their political weakness and the high corruption rate. More than 75.000 weapons circulate in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and one Kalashnikov can be bought for the price of 200 euro and easily brought into the Schengen region", a former police officer of the EU in Bosnia and Herzegovina points out

scholarly journals THE STUDIES OF GENDER IDEOLOGY OF THE YOUTH: THE REVIEW OF FOREIGN PUBLICATIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Gurko ◽  
M. S. Mamikonian ◽  
E. K. Biyzhanova
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Female Population ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of foreign studies of gender ideology of students for a number of valuable social demographic variables. In the first part of publication the studies describing dynamics of gender ideology in various countries are analyzed. In the process of modernization of the Eastern Asia (China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan), India and Indonesia female population is involved in work outside of home, a trend of egalitarianisation of gender relationship and spreading of families with two breadwinners. During transition from socialist to liberal states in the countries of the Eastern Europe the impact of religious conservative family’s values on the youth is less significant than that of Western ideas of individualization and permissiveness. In the developed countries (USA, Europe, Australia, Canada) gender revolution resulted in diversity of gender ideologies. At least in the European countries five models are fixed empirically: egalitarian, egalitarian essentialism, intensive parenthood, moderate conservative ideology. The second part of article presents the analysis of studies of attitudes of students in areas of gender and marriage and family relationships carried out in various countries that established that gender and religious identity are the major differentiating variables. The other characteristics such as urban rural origin, structure of parents' family, coeducation and separate education are less significant. The attitudes of the youth concerning social roles of males and females and future marriage are changing effected by peers, mass culture and personal experience. The conclusion is derived that in spite of more conservative attitudes of male youths factually in all countries, a slow convergence of views of male and female youths among well-educated strata. The denominational membership remains the main differential factor

scholarly journals Structural Weaknesses in the Economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina – A Brake on Growth and Development

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Zoran Mastilo ◽  
Radmila Čičković
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Accounts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

To present the status and development of economies of the countries, a number of macroeconomic indicators is available and used and the most important aggregate in the system of national accounts is the gross domestic product (GDP).An analysis of GDP serves to present the status and trends of the economy of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). We have used the comparison method, in order to establish the status, as well as trends in the economy of BiH in comparison with the neighbouring countries with similar GDP structures and with economies of some developed countries.We note that the structure of gross value added (GVA) in BiH is not primarily oriented towards profitable activities, nor towards activities giving a synergistic effect on the entire economy. The service sector is not sufficiently developed. GDP per capita in 2015 was almost eight times lower than the one recorded in the EU member countries. The relationship between consumption and investment, in addition to the negative balance of trade, are negative determinants of the BiH economy. The global crisis has produced negative effects on the BiH economy. Such trends were imminent even in the developed countries, the only difference is that the developed countries, by size of their GDP per capita, are far stronger and more developed than the BiH economy. The economy is small in its size and growth rates are not sufficient to provide a visible progress, as is the case with developed countries.BiH needs to put maximum efforts into increasing its value added in areas that are fast and strong in contributing to the growth and development.

Power-Sharing Revisited: Lessons Learned in the Balkans?

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sören Keil ◽  
Florian Bieber
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
International Mediation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Side Effects

AbstractIn this article, the authors discuss the use of power-sharing instruments in the Western Balkans. While the comparison will focus on the use of power-sharing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia, there will be occasional references to Kosovo, the third country in the region that displays elements of power-sharing. We argue that the region has been a laboratory of power-sharing instruments, with rather mixed results. While in all three cases, power-sharing was part of a larger strategy of peacebuilding, and was, therefore, successful in ending violent conflict and supporting peaceful conflict resolution, the introduction of power-sharing has also had some negative side effects. We will discuss, in particular, the consequences of complicated political systems, veto rights, as well as far-reaching ethno-territorial autonomy. Furthermore, the article will asses the risk of blockages arising from complex political arrangements and resulting international mediation. A particular focus of the article will be to distinguish between federalism in Bosnia and Herzegovina and alternative forms of autonomy (both territorial and non-territorial) in Macedonia and Kosovo. Rather than suggesting that power-sharing as such has failed in the region, we submit that the experience in the region suggests that: (a) there are no viable alternatives to power-sharing in the selected countries; (b) that different types of power-sharing need to be considered; and (c) that potential membership in the European Union continues to be the only incentive for the efficient implementation and application of power-sharing in the cases discussed.

HEGEMONIC NATIONALIST MATRICES OF THE PAST AND THE FUTURE OF THE BALKANS

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-100
Author(s):  
Sonya Biserko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The Balkans

The article examines the features of public attitudes, national consciousness and foreign policy of Serbia in the context of its relationship with the countries of the Western Balkans. On the basis of modern Serbian scientific literature and opinion piece, the author analyzes the current crisis state of Serbian society, which was the result of the policy of S. Milošević and the heirs of the ideas of Serbian nationalism. The main attention is paid to Serbia’s relations with the newly formed states after the collapse of the SFRY - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia - from the point of view of the problem of joining of these countries the EU and NATO. The author analyzes the political and psychological atmosphere in Serbian society, the moods and plans of the authorities of modern Serbia, as well as the views of the right-wing nationalist politicians and scientists in relation to neighboring states. The study acquaints the reader with Serbia’s foreign policy plans and their results in the context of the formation of a new national identity based on the «Saint Sava myth», Serbian Orthodoxy and Serbian ethnic nationalism. An important place in the formation of Serbian identity is occupied by the revision of the concept of the history of Yugoslavia, which leads to the deformation of historical consciousness and the dominance of ethno-national identity over all other types of identity, and above all, over civic identity. The author believes that the new identity now being formed in Serbia leads to the rejection of modern reforms based on the rule of law, human rights, pluralism and tolerance. The author concludes that for stabilization in the Balkans it is necessary to find a point of integration common to all peoples of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of their nationality. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a key link in the process of stabilizing the region. But all the other states of the Western Balkans are facing the same task. The researcher examines the role of Russia in the domestic life and foreign policy of Serbia and, in general, in the Western Balkans region, which has not yet resolved the problems of the transition period.

scholarly journals Development of Turkish Foreign Policy Towards the Western Balkans with Focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (86) ◽  
pp. 96-129
Author(s):  
Ešref Kenan Rašidagić ◽  
Zora Hesova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Regional Influence

Under the AKP government, Turkey’s foreign policy towards the Western Balkans, and Bosnia and Herzegovina in particular, has led many analysts to suspect it of possessing neo-imperial, or so-called neo-Ottoman, objectives. These suspicions have been compounded by the repeated declarations of former Prime Minister Davutoğlu and current President Erdoğan that the history and religious identity shared by Turks and Western Balkan Muslims forms the basis of both Turkish-Balkan relations and a common future. Critical examination of official Ankara’s attitudes toward the Western Balkans in general, and especially Bosnia and Herzegovina, identifies four distinct phases in which cultural, historical, and religious appeals morphed into the set of distinctive foreign policies. These policies have also been shaped by pragmatic pursuits of regional influence, the effects of internal (Turkish) transformations, and more recently, the ad hoc policies of President Erdoğan. This article will reconstruct the development of Turkish foreign policy since 1990, from multilateral and soft power efforts to religious and economic objectives, and will analyse the limits of this policy.

scholarly journals Contemporary Development Of Creative Industries In Bosnia And Herzegovina

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Rahman Nurković
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Contemporary Development

Abstract The article consists of three basic parts. In the first, the concept of post-socialist urban settlements and the position of creative industries in them are presented. In the second, examples of the development of creative actions of cities are given. In the third, the role of local policy in the development of new creative industries in Bosnia and Herzegovina is critically analysed, emphasising some of its shortcomings and drawing up recommendations for future policy measures. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, contemporary ideas of the development of the creative industries started to develop at the end of 2001 with the use of the technology of the developed countries of the world.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

International differences in labor productivity: Role of capital, technological level and resource rent

2016 ◽  
pp. 67-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zaytsev
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Population Ratio ◽  
Gdp Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Using level accounting methodology this article examines sources of per capita GDP and labor productivity differences between Russia and developed and developing countries. It considers the role played by the following determinants in per capita GDP gap: per hour labor productivity, number of hours worked per worker and labor-population ratio. It is shown that labor productivity difference is the main reason of Russia’s lagging behind. Factors of Russia’s low labor productivity are then estimated. It is found that 33-39% of 2.5-5-times labor productivity gap (estimated for non-oil sector) between Russia and developed countries (US, Canada, Germany, Norway) is explained by lower capital-to-labor ratio and the latter 58-65% of the gap is due to lower technological level (multifactor productivity). Human capital level in Russia is almost the same as in developed countries, so it explains only 2-4% of labor productivity gap.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Power Generation for India with Higher Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Umeshkannan P ◽  
Muthurajan KG
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

The developed countries are consuming more amount of energy in all forms including electricity continuously with advanced technologies.  Developing  nation’s  energy usage trend rises quickly but very less in comparison with their population and  their  method of generating power is not  seems  to  be  as  advanced  as  developed  nations. The   objective   function   of   this   linear   programming model is to maximize the average efficiency of power generation inIndia for 2020 by giving preference to energy efficient technologies. This model is subjected to various constraints like potential, demand, running cost and Hydrogen / Carbon ratio, isolated load, emission and already installed capacities. Tora package is used to solve this linear program. Coal,  Gas,  Hydro  and  Nuclear  sources can are  supply around 87 %  of  power  requirement .  It’s concluded that we can produce power  at  overall  efficiency  of  37%  while  meeting  a  huge demand  of  13,00,000  GWh  of  electricity.  The objective function shows the scenario of highaverage efficiency with presence of 9% renewables. Maximum value   is   restricted   by   low   renewable   source’s efficiencies, emission constraints on fossil fuels and cost restriction on some of efficient technologies. This    model    shows    that    maximum    18%    of    total requirement   can   be   met   by   renewable itself which reduces average efficiency to 35.8%.   Improving technologies  of  renewable  sources  and  necessary  capacity addition  to  them in  regular  interval  will  enhance  their  role and existence against fossil fuels in future. The work involves conceptualizing, modeling, gathering information for data’s to be used in model for problem solving and presenting different scenarios for same objective.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document