scholarly journals NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE FUNCTION OF SUSTAINABLE WATER USE

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stevović ◽  
Žarko Nestorović ◽  
Neđo Đurić
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Water Delivery ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nanotechnology Development ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

Nanotechnology, as contemporary field of research in forming of materials and devices on the level of molecule and atoms, is founding broad utilization in different scientific and engineering domains. The influence of nanotechnology on the development of contemporary human society has got a significant potential in domains as economy, environment protection, health and improvement of the quality of life. The need for fresh water as a necessary resource for living world, as well as the economic activity on the level of humanity is growing in the conditions of increasing population, increasing economic activities and increasing pollution. In that sense the conventional methods for water treatment may become ineffective for providing sustainable utilization of water resources in the future. Nanotechnology as a contemporary scientific and engineering field is considered efficient and potentially, the only solution for sustainable utilization of fresh water in the future. The efforts in nanotechnology utilization for sustainability of fresh water resources mean comprehensive approach and clarity in defining goals as well as the ways for their realization. The basic expectations of nanotechnology in the sense of fresh water resources utilization are directed to enhancement of fresh water availability, increase of efficiency of fresh water delivery and enabling next generation systems for fresh water quality monitoring. The increase of fresh water availability by nanotechnology means development of filtering systems and development of membrane systems, inverse osmosis for water desalinization and catalysts for water treatment. Efficiency of fresh water delivery based on nanotechnology means reducing energy necessary for its transportation, developing system of pipes and components which are easier, stronger and which will last longer as well as to provide cheap materials which improve energy efficiency for heating and cooling. All these processes for nanotechnology development aiming to provide sustainable fresh water resources utilization require significant efforts on scientific and engineering level in order to be utilized in everyday life. This paper aims to research the state of the art of nanotechnology development in the domain of sustainable utilization of fresh water resources.

scholarly journals Bioenergy productivity of sugar beet irrigated with reclaimed wastewaters

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Campi ◽  
Alejandra Navarro ◽  
A. Domenico Palumbo ◽  
Marcello Mastrangelo ◽  
Antonio Lonigro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Reclamation Process

The use of treated wastewater to irrigate the sugar beet (<em>Beta</em> <em>Vulgaris</em> L. var. saccharifera) for bioethanol could play a strategic role to contrast the use of natural water resources and increase the productivity of the crop. The 2-year experiment (2013-2014) was performed on sugar beet irrigated with fresh water and wastewater at different steps of the reclamation process (secondary and tertiary treatments). The data obtained showed that the root sugar beet yield and ethanol production under fresh water treatment (52.2 Mg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 5446 L ha<sup>–1</sup>) were lower respect to that obtained from the secondary and tertiary wastewater treatments (66.7 Mg ha<sup>–1</sup> and 6785 L ha<sup>–1</sup>, and 58.7 Mg h<sup>–1</sup> and 6164 L ha<sup>–1</sup>, respectively), with the same irrigation volumes. These results can depend on the higher quantity of nutrient uptake when wastewater is used for irrigation. In particular, the average N applied (as nitrate and ammonium) with irrigation during the growing seasons (2013 and 2014) was corresponding to the supply of 4, 28 and 20 kg ha<sup>–1</sup>, for the fresh water, secondary, and tertiary wastewater treatments, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Sustainable Utilization Level of Water Resources in the Wuhan Metropolitan Area Based on a Three-Dimensional Water Ecological Footprint Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3505
Author(s):  
Dongzhe Liang ◽  
Hongwei Lu ◽  
Liyang Feng ◽  
Lihua Qiu ◽  
Li He
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Wuhan Metropolitan Area ◽  
Water Resources Utilization

The shortage and overexploitation of water resources restrict the sustainable development of metropolitan areas. To evaluate the sustainable utilization level of water resources, we identified the occupancy of natural capital stock and the consumption of natural capital flow by water resources consumption and analyzed the factors influencing water resources consumption in metropolitan area development. We took the Wuhan Metropolitan Area in China from 2010 to 2019 as the research object and introduced footprint depth and size, the water ecological footprint (WEF) model was expanded into the three-dimensional WEF model. Based on this model, an evaluation system for the sustainable utilization level of water resources was constructed with five indices—water ecological deficit, water ecological surplus, water ecological pressure, WEF depth, and WEF size. Finally, the driving factors of WEF change were analyzed using the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index. The evaluation of the sustainable utilization level of water resources showed that the Wuhan Metropolitan Area as a whole experienced water ecological surplus from 2010 to 2019, but there were different degrees of water ecological deficit in its inner urban areas, and the most serious cumulative deficit was 5.02 ha/cap in Ezhou. In 2011 and 2019, the sustainable utilization level of water resources in the metropolitan area reached a relatively unsustainable state. Xianning was the urban area with the most sustainable utilization level of water resources. During the study period, the metropolitan area did not occupy the natural capital stock of water resources, and the natural capital flow of water resources in the inner urban areas could meet the demand of the current consumption of the region in 2010 and 2016. The analysis of the driving factors of WEF change showed that economic development effect and population pressure effect had a positive driving effect on WEF change, while WEF intensity effect and water resources carrying capacity effect had the opposite effect. Finally, according to the research results, it can be seen that improving the efficiency of water resources utilization, protecting the natural capital stock of water resources, realizing differentiated regional development through the market economy and developing water policy can be helpful to improve the level of sustainable water resources utilization.

scholarly journals Review and prospect about water resources operation research

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Bojun Liu ◽  
Shaoming Peng ◽  
Siyu Cai ◽  
Dawei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Operation Research ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Sustainable Utilization ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Future

The concept of water resources operation is expatiated and classified and the theories and methods with regard to water resources operation are also summarized. Research progress of water resources operation exists to analyse the problems and to take a look to the future of research directions in the field of water resources operation. In conclusion, the research on water resources operation needs a combination with the actual state of projects, climate change and increasing human activities, actually considering water resources demands and employing uniform control of water quantity and quality, which could ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources in China.

scholarly journals Study on the efficiency of continuous flow-based constructed wetland system for grey water treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Rengaraj Chithra Devi ◽  
Nirmaladevi D. Shrinithivihahshini ◽  
Rajendran Viji
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Grey Water ◽  
Wetland System

Water is inevitable for our life. Due to the population growth, there is a tremendous pressure on the existing fresh water resources such as surface water and ground water. Increasing water demand and improper usage of potable water lead to scarcity of fresh water resources. Globally, treating grey water is a real constraint to minimize the problem of water scarcity. The continuous flow-based constructed wetland system for grey water treatment is a technique for reusing the domestic grey water and it is a low-cost method. The current study was aimed to evolve a suitable user-friendly treatment system for handling the household grey water. In the present study, grey water has been collected from the Bharathidasan University and it has been treated with biofiltration and rhizhodegradation techniques using continuous flow-based constructed wetland system. The system has been found as more effective for treating the Physico-chemical parameters such as suspended solids, pH, electrical conductivity, TS, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, TOC, CO3, HCO3, SO4, NO3, PO4, Ca, Mg, Na, K, total hardness, calcium hardness, chloride, and total alkalinity. The results reported the reduction in the biological oxygen demand (89%), chemical oxygen demand (81%), DO (95%), carbonate (100%), sodium (65%), and potassium (85%).It also examined the benefits and risks associated with the results in the reuse of domestic grey water for the purpose of vegetable gardening, irrigation, and toilet flushing. Consequently, this biofiltration method is natural, simple, and low cost-effective treatment in a holistic manner.

Inter Linkages of Water, Climate, and Agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 1258-1286
Author(s):  
Sunil Londhe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Great Depth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Primary Determinant ◽  
Food Security And Nutrition ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Climate is the primary determinant of agricultural productivity and evidence shows possibility of shifts in earth's climate. Concern over the potential effects of long-term climatic change on agriculture has been raised over the past decade. Change in the climatic conditions on the globe created threat to the availability water for agriculture production. The present chapter is an attempt to distil what is known about the likely effects of climate change on water availability to agriculture for food security and nutrition in coming decades. Apart from few exceptions, the likely impacts of climate change on agriculture water resources in the future are not understood in any great depth. There are many uncertainties as to how changes in various environmental parameters will interact with the availability of water and further agriculture production. The future consequences of water resources on agriculture are discussed and summarized. Possible mitigation and adaptations to changing water availability for agriculture are also discusses.

Ways to Increase the Productivity and Quality of Mine Water Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Natalia. A GUBINA ◽  
Mikhail A. YLESIN ◽  
Natalya V. KARMANOVSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mine Water ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Mine Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Harmful Effects

The article deals with the rational use of water resources, as well as protecting the environment from the harmful effects of human industrial activities. The aim of the study is to find ways to increase the productivity of existing treatment facilities and the quality of mine water treatment. The proposed solutions will lead to a reduction in discharges of untreated mine waters, a reduction in environmental payments and consumption of fresh water.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Water Processes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-366
Author(s):  
Ilkka Pollari
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
The Future

Megatrends of population growth, urbanization and global warming are making it more and more difficult to find clean water for our needs. Global demand for fresh water grows at 2-3%/year while availability of fresh water has not been increasing. Regional differences in the growth rates are big. The main sustainability objective in water processes is balancing the demand – supply equation. Human impact on the atmosphere seems to aggravate the water availability problem. Over two thirds of global fresh water need is for agriculture. Current practices and technologies in managing water streams are not enough in the future.

scholarly journals Water Availability and Lake Fund of Water Deficit Regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Assessment Data ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Artificial Reservoirs

Despite the significant amount of water resources, Russia is characterized by their uneven distribution over the territory. As a result, a number of regions are characterized by low water availability, due to both physiographic factors and the specifics of the settlement and economic development of the country. This article presents the specific water availability evaluation data calculated for all constituent entities of the Russian Federation, taking into account the resources of both river and lake waters. The calculation of water availability due to lake waters is based on new assessment data on lakes water resources, carried out at the Institute of Limnology, Russian Academy of Sciences. On the basis of the obtained values of water availability, the regions of the greatest water deficit are outlined and their lake fund is estimated. At present almost 60% of the population of Russia lives in regions with low and medium water availability, including about 20% in regions where water availability is characterized as “very low” and “catastrophically low”. Most of these regions belong to the zone of insufficient moisture, however, a number of regions of the zone of sufficient moisture also experience excessive pressure on water resources due to high population. Most of the regions with low and medium water availability have significant reserves of water contained in artificial reservoirs, the total volume of which exceeds 100 km3. In addition, a number of regions also have significant reserves of lake water, including fresh water. Lakes located in the zone of insufficient moisture and characterized by low water availability contain a total of ~ 37 km3 of water, including ~ 20 km3 of fresh water. At the zone of sufficient moisture in the lakes of regions with low water availability ~ 2.4 km3 of fresh water is contained.

scholarly journals The Next Ten Years: Strategic Vision of Water Resources for Nursery Producers

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Fulcher ◽  
Anthony V. LeBude ◽  
James S. Owen ◽  
Sarah A. White ◽  
Richard C. Beeson
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Groundwater Withdrawal ◽  
Federal Regulations ◽  
Strategic Vision ◽  
The Future ◽  
Water Issues

Nursery and greenhouse producers, research and extension faculty, and representatives from allied fields collaborated to formulate a renewed vision to address water issues affecting growers over the next 10 years. The authors maintained the original container irrigation perspective published in “Strategic vision of container nursery irrigation in the next ten years,” yet broadened the perspective to include additional challenges that face nursery crop producers today and in the future. Water availability, quality, and related issues continue to garner widespread attention. Irrigation practices remain largely unchanged due to existing irrigation system infrastructure and minimal changes in state and federal regulations. Recent concerns over urbanization and population growth, increased climate variability, and advancements in state and federal regulations, including new groundwater withdrawal limitations, have provided an inducement for growers to adopt efficient and innovative practices. Information in support of the overarching issues and projected outcomes are discussed within.

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