REVIEW OF THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM PHOTOVOLTAICS IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Tomovski ◽  
Aleksandra Kanevče ◽  
Ljubčo Kocarev
Keyword(s):  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Technological Limitations ◽  
Legislative Measures ◽  
Made In

Global trends in the energy sector are focused towards extensive inclusion of renewable sources in the energy production. Solar energy has proven to be a valuable candidate, especially for direct conversion into electricity. Its wider use has, so far, among other, been constrained by the technological limitations, resulting in higher production costs compared to those from conventional non-renewable sources, primarily coal. In that sense, the efforts of the scientific community have for long been directed towards development of both efficient and inexpensive solutions. However, the major boost in the electricity production from photovoltaics (PV) came from the legislative measures, primarily the introduction of feed-in tariffs. Following the global trends, a significant increase in PV inclusion in the electricity production was made in the Republic of Macedonia. In the article we give a brief review of the achieved progress.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PLANTS ON THE OVERALL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kanevče ◽  
Igor Tomovski ◽  
Ljubčo Kocarev
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
The Republic

In this paper we analyze the impact of the renewable energy sources on the overall electric power system of the Republic of Macedonia. Specifically, the effect of the photovoltaic power plants is examined. For this purpose we developed an electricity production optimization model, based on standard network flow model. The renewable energy sources are included in the model of Macedonia based on hourly meteorological data. Electricity producers that exist in 2012 are included in the base scenario. Two more characteristic years are analyzed, i.e. 2015 and 2020. The electricity producers planned to be constructed in these two years (which include the renewable energy sources) are also included. The results show that the renewable energy sources introduce imbalance in the system when the minimum electricity production is higher than the electricity required by the consumers. But, in these critical situations the production from photovoltaic energy sources is zero, which means that they produce electricity during the peak load, and do not produce when the consumption is at minimum.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF THE GLOBALIZATION PROCESS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 355-362
Author(s):  
Zorica Siljanovska ◽  
Sreten Miladinovski ◽  
Elena Shalevska
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Global Integration ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Corporate Governance System ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

The corporate governance is concerned with both the rules and regulations and institutions that influence the management mode within corporations as well as the manner in which they allocate their resources and returns. The globalization process, especially, the global integration of financial markets, puts pressures on national systems and models of corporate governance to converge i.e. comply with the global trends and developments in the area of corporate governance by opening their economies towards the global markets. This paper analyzes this very issue, or, in other words, the impact of the globalization on corporate governance, with special focus on the Republic of Macedonia. Consequently, it is demonstrated that the Republic of Macedonia is included in the process of globalization, companies are interested in presence and competition on the global market, and therefore building a good corporate governance system is a need, not a choice. Moreover, the Republic of Macedonia has substantially harmonized its regulations pertaining to the corporate governance on the basis of the principles commonly accepted at an international level.

scholarly journals Sustainable Economic Development in the Transition Countries, With a Retrospect of the Republic of Macedonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Nikolovski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic

Sustainable development represents a civilization challenge that should meet the needs of today’s generations without jeopardizing the ability of the Earth to meet the needs of the future generations. This challenge, as an evolutionary process in which the social and economic development and the environment protection are independent, but mutual complementary components demands the solving of several issuesThe vision of sustainable economic development is based on the historical, cultural and political development of the countries. There is no unique way of sustainable development for different countries and therefore they cannot be made in the same way.The transition toward sustainable development represents a social choice that connects the global vision of the local needs and goals. The citizens must participate in the process of sustainable development. They must recognize the role they have in creating problems and finding solutions.In order to gain a general frame for the assessment of sustainable economic development  it is necessary to integrate several methodologies  and approaches toward the possible future generations for a quality and healthy life.One of the ways of assessing the results from the policies and the activities is the use of the principles and indicators according to which it is determined how much the countries work on sustainable development. Part of the indicators are generally accepted, and part are in a modeling phase. A systematic approach is necessary to see whether all indicators are necessary, and which of them are necessary for the assessment of sustainability. The economists do not have problems in executing the objective and quantitative indicators. The sociologists are facing many problems in the execution of indicators because of the immateriality of the life quality. However, the environment experts see problems when they are limited in the execution of indicators.Sustainable development is much more than a mutual connection  between the economy, the law and the ecology in establishing relations between the indicators of sustainable development  and the economic  development  are the basis for creating conceptual link  between the  different approaches toward sustainable economic development.The aim of this paper is the implementation of today’s relevant experiences, practices and theoretical knowledge expressed through the changes that are reflected in the life in the Republic of  Macedonia:• Protection of natural resources• Sustainable production and consumption• Sustainable sources of energy and• Following and reporting about the conditions, supported by the following indica-tors:• Level of citizens’ involvement in the social activities• Number of companies that have an ecological strategy• Number of people involved in the planning process• Number local communities in the Republic of Macedonia, which are eco-logically oriented• Number of shops that sale home food and organically developed food• Number of companies for organic production• Renewable sources of energy in the Republic of Macedonia• The level of nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere The elaboration of the final material will go through the following principles: Participation of local citizens. Key segment of the implementation of the Agenda 21; Short-term plans that support the municipalities that environmentally oriented; Local production, which is forced whenever possible;The oil, coal, gas, water should be saved and renewable sources of energ y should be used instead.

scholarly journals The Pillars of the Nose-Crura Shortening for Over Projected Nose

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (23) ◽  
pp. 4036-4042
Author(s):  
Gabriela Kopacheva-Barsova ◽  
Marina Davcheva-Chakar ◽  
Nikola Nikolovski ◽  
Marjan Marolov ◽  
Vesna Petreska-Dukovska
Keyword(s):  
University Campus ◽  
Postoperative Evaluation ◽  
Nasal Tip ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Ideal Position ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Ideal

BACKGROUND: The over projected nose, commonly referred to as the "Pinocchio" nose is a significant challenge to the rhinoplasty surgeon. Firstly, we speak about a very large nose, and secondly, we speak about the correction of nasal cartilages (alar and triangular). Surgical correction of the over projected nose is the most difficult and least predictable component of rhinoplasty surgery. AIM: By performing rhinoseptoplasty we aimed to achieve an ideal landmarks position according to concepts of nasal projection as well as by making preoperative analyses to determine the ideal position for the nasal tip after having understood and defined the ideal position for the nasion. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of patients who were admitted to ENT University Clinic, University Campus “St. Mother Theresa” Skopje, the Republic of Macedonia in the period 2011-2019. A total of 70 patients were enrolled in the study; 46 women (33%) and 24 men (33%). Operative technique rhinoseptoplasty was realised in 70 patients. All of the 70 (100%) patients underwent preoperative and postoperative evaluation during this period regularly to record the effects of various approaches on nasal projection, rotation, need for revision, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: All patients used one or more of the preferred methods to treat over projection. Patients who had undergone 2 previous rhino/septoplasty procedures were excluded from the study, and hence, a total of 70 patients were evaluated. Full-transfixion incisions were made in all patients. From 2011 to 2019, in 72 cases, 1 or more of the preferred methods were used to treat over projection. CONCLUSION: The crural anatomy of the nasal tip relates to the size and shape of the lower lateral cartilages (LLC) and their relationship with the caudal septum and upper lateral cartilages (ULC). Modification of nasal tip rotation and projection should attempt to preserve or reconstruct major tip mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Economic Impact of Investment in Renewables in Croatia by 2030

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8215
Author(s):  
Tomislav Gelo ◽  
Nika Šimurina ◽  
Jurica Šimurina
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Production Capacities

At the beginning of 2020, the Strategy of the Republic of Croatia until 2030 with an outlook to 2050 was adopted. The Strategy analyzes two energy transition scenarios, the accelerated energy transition and the moderate energy transition. The Strategy is guided and defined by goals set out by the European Union (EU), which primarily states to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and increase the share of renewable energy sources. In order to reach these goals, it is necessary to substitute fossil fuel capacities with new capacities for the production of electricity from renewable sources. In order to do so, a new wave of investments is needed. The Strategy does not detail the macroeconomic effects of investments in renewable sources on the Croatian economy, generally quantified through GDP growth and employment. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of announced investments in renewable energy sources for electricity production. The analysis encompasses the time period 2021–2030. The effects are quantified using the input–output tables for Croatia. The analysis exhibits relatively modest macroeconomic effects of investments into renewable energy on the Croatian economy. The paper concludes that it is necessary to change the structure and dynamics of investment in renewable energy. First, the investment should go into sources with the highest domestic component in investments and at the same time develop production capacities in technologies and equipment production for wind and solar capacities.

scholarly journals Sow Productivity on Commercial Pig Farms in the Republic of Macedonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Angjelovski ◽  
Aleksandar Cvetkovikj ◽  
Slavcho Mrenoshki ◽  
Ivica Gjurovski ◽  
Toni Dejanoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Farms ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Large Farms ◽  
Farrowing Rate ◽  
Made In

AbstractThe objectives of the present study were to determine the production performances of sows on commercial pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia, to compare the differences in sow productivity data between small and large farms and to examine interrelationships of key production parameters among farms with different sizes. The study was retrospectively based and included the annual (2012) analyses of the sow productivity data in small (<200 sows, n=4) and large (200-1000 sows, n=5) commercial pig farms. The data was statistically evaluated and compared with the known literature. Sows productivity was greater on the small farms compared to the large ones. The small farms had larger litter per sow (PBL), more pigs born alive (PBA), higher weaning weight (WW) and more pigs weaned per sow per litter (PWSL) than the large ones (p<0.001). Small farms also had greater farrowing rate (FR) (p<0.01). Higher replacement rate (RR), lower average parity (AP), greater number of litters per sow per year (LSY) and higher sow death rate (SDR) were observed in large farms (p<0.001). The large farms also had less non-productive days (NPD) than the small farms (p<0.001). Different intensity of correlations also were observed for several productive parameters among the farm groups. The data obtained in this study show that sow productivity on Macedonian pig farms is lower than in EU countries. Small herds are more efficient than the large herds. Despite all limitations, our study provides information for veterinarians regarding reproductive parameters of sows and their interrelationships on Macedonian pig farms. Further investigation should be made in order to identify whether specific management factors have effect on the productivity of the breeding herd.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE UNEMPLOYMENT AND INFLATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Florida Veljanoska
Keyword(s):  
Granger Causality ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
High Unemployment ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Republic

Unemployment and inflation are two extremely important macroeconomic indicators, which have great influence on economic stability. Every government strives to achieve low level of unemployment and inflation. However, many empirical studies have shown that there is inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation. High unemployment means higher supply than demand for jobs, and consequently, the employers are not stimulated to increase the wages. Stable and low wages do not further impose any pressure on prices, and inflation remains low. Contrary, low level of unemployment is related with the greater demand than supply of jobs, that will boost the salary higher and finally will increase the production costs as well as the overall demand in the economy. Ultimately, that will cause higher inflation in the economy.These statements were confirmed by the Phillips researches. The Phillips curve was projected, by which it was possible to predict the rate of unemployment at certain rate of inflation, and vice versa. Though, this curve was exceptionally useful till 70s – 80s of the last century, in the period after, L-shaped Phillip curve held only for explaining short-term relationship, but did not hold for explaining long-term relationship. It means that in the later period inter-relation between unemployment and inflation was unstable.Macedonia has faced many challenges in the period right after the independence – enormously high unemployment, hyperinflation and negative rate of GDP. This period is known as “stagflation”. It was exceptionally difficult to improve all these economic indicators, simultaneously. They were inversely related, and it was impossible to improve one indicator, without worsening the other in the same time. Such situation was disproving the existing statements that high unemployment is related with low inflation, and vice versa. Phillip curve in this case, definitely does not hold. Although the situation now is different, it is still very important to determine the inter-relationship between the unemployment and inflation. The truth is that more than 20 years the country does not have any problems with high inflation, but also the fact is that high rate of unemployment is still great concern. Hence, in order to promote suitable government policies, it is important to know the inter-relationship between unemployment and inflation.With a purpose to determine the mutual influence between two variables, we have conducted an empirical research, using the contemporary econometric software EViews 9.5. The analysis is for the period 1993-2018. The data were collected from National bank of the Republic of Macedonia, State Statistical Office of the Republic of Macedonia and the World Bank database. We have performed the Johansen Co-integration Test, as well as the Granger Causality Test. The results have shown that there is 1 co-integration between variables and that there is not granger causality between the variables. Consequently, the past values of unemployment can not be used for predicting the future values of inflation, and vice versa. Furthermore, the research is evidence that the Phillip curve does not hold for Macedonia and the rate of one variable can not be used for determination of the values of the other variable.

scholarly journals Protection of Children at Risk in the System of Justice for Children in the Republic of Macedonia

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Natasha Bogoevska ◽  
Vladimir Ilievski ◽  
Suncica Dimitrijoska
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Made In

In the last fifteen years, the Republic of Macedonia conducts thorough reforms in the system of justice for children. Since 2003, intensive efforts have been made in the process of establishment of a legal and institutional framework for protection of children at risk and children in conflict with the law. In this regards, the legislative changes were made in accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child and other international standards and principles. The new system is based on three elements (criminal law, civil law, and system of services and protection). The goal is not only to introduce certain principles for the development of justice for children, but to perform constant holistic re-evaluation of the programs for children at risk and children perpetrators of criminal acts.The focus is put on strengthening the relevant institutions as independent administrative units with a multidisciplinary approach in encountering with the complex problem of juvenile delinquency. In that term, precise procedures are instituted, with clearly divided roles of the actors, demanding specialization of the professionals involved in child treatment. Yet, the implementation of the legal framework faces certain obstacles as a result of lack of political will, structural and systematic reasons. The basic goals and principles such as restorative justice, mediation, alternative measures and procedural rights are still non-achieved. The execution of sanctions remains to be most serious problems within the system of child justice. In this context, there are poor infrastructural capacities, insufficient human resources as well as absence of employed effective methods and techniques in the treatment of children.

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