Значај и улога дестинацијског маркетинга у привлачењу страних директних инвестиција // The importance and role of destination marketing in attracting foreign direct investments

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 263
Author(s):  
Бранко Ракита ◽  
Милош Шипрагић
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Destination Marketing ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Greenfield Investments ◽  
Strategic Assets ◽  
Financial Restructuring ◽  
International Investors ◽  
The One

Резиме: Предмет и циљ овога рада аутори су определили самом формулацијом наслова. У раду се указује на међависност између развијености и употребе дестинацијског маркетинга, са једне стране, и инвестиционе атрактивности појединих локацијских ентитета за међунродне инвеститоре, са друге стране. Истичу се најважније особености дестинацијског маркетинга. За разлику од већине производа који се крећу ка корисницима, дестинације су непокретне па се стога заинтересовани тржишни актери, међу којима су и инвеститори, крећу ка њима. Указује се и на најзначајније активности дестинацијског маркетинга. Заступа се теза да потенцијал дестинације не зависи толико од њеног положаја, климе и природних ресурса, колико од воље, вјештине, енергије, вриједности и организације њених људи. Стране директне инвестиције се посматрају кроз четири врсте финансијских операција: мерџере и аквизиције, нове (greenfi eld) инвестиције, докапитализацију (додатне нове инвестиције) и финансијско реструктурирање. Основни мотиви страних директних инвеститора се посматрају у контексту њихове тежње за повећањем ефективности и ефикасности пословања, те максимизирањем профита, што се сагледава кроз четири доминантне инвестиционе преокупације: доћи до природних ресурса, доћи до тржишта, доћи до стратегијске имовине, унапредити ефикасност у производњи. На подлози овако постављене концепцијске платформе, аутори су се емпиријски фокусирали на комапартивну анализу инвестиционе атрактивности земаља Западног Балкана, посебно наглашавајући релативни положај БиХ. У закључку се констатује да, поред амбијенталних, инфраструктурних, регулативних и институционалних претпоставки олакшаног и неризичног инвестирања, два најпоузданија маркетиншка параметра да је дошло до подизања инвестиционе атрактивности једне земље, или неког другог дестинацијског ентитета (региона, града, општине) јесу – добра позиционираност и достојанственост средњег слоја становништва, као и растући ниво дискреционог дохотка.Summary: The authors have identified the scope and purpose of this paper by the formulation of the title. The paper points to interdependence between the development and use of destination marketing, on the one hand, and investment attractiveness of certain location entities for international investors, on the other hand. The most important characteristics of destination marketing are emphasized. Unlike most products moving to customers, destinations are fixed and therefore interested market participants, including investors, are moving towards them. The paper also points out to the most important activities of destination marketing. It supports the thesis that potential of a destination does not depend so much on its position, climate and natural resources, as it depends on the will, skill, energy, values and organization of its people. Foreign direct investments are observed through four types of financial operations: mergers and acquisitions, new (greenfield) investments, recapitalization (additional new investments) and financial restructuring. The main motives of foreign direct investors are viewed in the context of their aspirations for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of business, and maximizing profits, which can be viewed through four dominant investment preoccupations: to get to natural resources, to get to the market, to get to strategic assets, to improve production efficiency. Based on such set conceptual platform, the authors empirically focused on the comparative analysis of investment attractiveness of the Western Balkans countries, particularly emphasizing the relative position of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is stated in the conclusion that, in addition to environmental, infrastructure, regulatory and institutional conditions of easier and non-risky investments, the two most reliable marketing parameters showing that there has been an increase in the investment attractiveness of a country or any other destination entity (region, city, municipality) are – good positioning and dignity of the middle class population, as well as a growing level of discretionary income.

scholarly journals Foreign investment activities of Chinese companies

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 231-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Antevski ◽  
Sanja Filipovic
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Geographic Dispersion ◽  
Strategic Assets ◽  
Investment Capital

Chinese investments abroad have recorded high growth rates in the last decade, but its scope is still small in comparison to those of developed industrial countries. The state plays a key role in its encouragement and support directly and indirectly. Large state corporations are the biggest investors abroad, somewhere investments of Chinese private companies dominate, e.g. in Africa. There is a great geographic dispersion of investment flows, while the highest concentration is in developing countries. The main drivers of investment capital are trade, energy sources, natural resources, infrastructure projects and acquisition of strategic assets. These drivers are often are combined from two or more ones which are mutually supportive.

scholarly journals FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AS DEVELOPMENT FACTOR FOR OVERCOMING ECONOMIC STAGNATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Petrusheva ◽  
Aleksandar Nikolovski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
The Republic

Amongst economists there is a broad consensus that in order to overcome economic stagnation the economic growth model should be more directed towards increasing investments and export and less reliant on consumption. The stable commitment towards improving the business ambient, the implementation of structural reforms in the field of competitiveness, the export sector as well as investments in infrastructure and education are the fundamental prerequisites to be realized for the opening of perspectives in the overall social development of the countries in the Western Balkans, including the Republic of Macedonia. The dominant driving force of economic growth – investments (foreign and domestic) have not been sufficiently implemented so that structural economic problems such as the low GDP growth rate, unsatisfactory export, unfavourable industrial structure have been present during the entire periodsince the independence of the Republic of Macedonia. Unlike other countries in Middle and Eastern Europe such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia in which foreign capital was steered towards manufacturing higher added value products, in the Republic of Macedonia investment entered mainly the trade and the banking industry, and quite less in manufacturing.Lacking own significant capacities for considerable increase of the gross-investment rate, assets sources for investments must be found in foreign accumulation, particularly via foreign direct investments so as not to increase the degree indebting the country. The global economic and financial crisis which spread over Europe in the last years has motivated the countries in the Western Balkans, including the Republic of Macedonia, to engage into a more active and more aggressive attraction of foreign capital. Foreign direct investments are considered the highest economic priority for long-term development, whereas the benefits to the national economy are multiple and influence the reduction of unemployment, increase of export, inflow of new technology, knowledge and skills, as well as improvement of the population’s living standard. However, despite the commitment, reforms and activities undertaken to attract FDI, the countries of the Western Balkans are facing remarks from investors for having an insufficiently reformed judicial system, bureaucratic issues, inefficient public administration and corruption. Therefore, it is essential to work continually on improving the macroeconomic environment and implement a long-term strategy to attract FDI through active policies.

scholarly journals POLA KEBERAGAMAAN MASYARAKAT MARGINAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-156
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muttaqin
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This is a research on sociology of religion, focusing on the issue of religious practices in a local community. Kampung Laut was chosen as the setting of this research for two reasons. First, the rituals of religion practices in the region are different from mainstream practices, which result in label and justification that their religiosity is not a part of or only a fragment of the mainstream religion and tend to be the target of correction. Second, this region raises conflicts among government institutions in relation to the rights of natural resources possession and utilization. The bad image built through this marginalization has formed Kampung Laut community as the one that is resistant and latent. This research used descriptive qualitative method with sociological approach. Rituals of religious practices that are different from the mainstream are explained on the basis of Weber’s theory of behavior categorized into value-oriented rationality. This kind of practices is considered to be more beneficial in the context of struggling for identity among the practices of marginalization experienced by Kampung Laut community. This condition gives a description to public that Kampung Laut community receives unfair treatments for their natural resources. Religious issues is made an entry for its massive, communal, and related to transcendental values.

scholarly journals Serbia's Military Neutrality: Origins, effects and challenges

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (71) ◽  
pp. 43-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Ejdus
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Military Reform ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
Domestic Power ◽  
Nato Intervention

Abstract Serbia is the only state in the Western Balkans that is not seeking NATO membership. In December 2007, Serbia declared military neutrality and in spite of its EU membership aspirations, developed very close relations with Moscow. The objective of this paper is threefold. First, I argue that in order to understand why Serbia declared military neutrality, one has to look both at the discursive terrain and domestic power struggles. The key narrative that was strategically used by mnemonic entrepreneurs, most importantly by the former Prime Minister Vojislav Koštunica, to legitimize military neutrality was the trauma of NATO intervention in 1999 and the ensuing secession of Kosovo. In the second part of the paper, I discuss the operational consequences of the military neutrality policy for Serbia's relations with NATO and Russia, as well as for military reform and EU accession. Finally, I spell out the challenges ahead in Serbia's neutrality policy and argue that its decision makers will increasingly be caught between pragmatic foreign policy requirements on the one hand and deeply entrenched traumatic memories on the other.

Firm-Level Determinants of Foreign Investment and M&A Activity

2020 ◽  
pp. 1676-1705
Author(s):  
Mine Uğurlu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Greenfield Investments

The last decade is marked with acceleration of mergers, corporate restructuring and governance activities. M&A activity has been driven by factors such as technological change, globalization, free trade, deregulation, attempts to attain economies of scale, rise in entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Corporations need to adjust to the change in the environment and expand their markets to achieve growth and protection against volatile economic conditions. Firms can achieve international expansion through foreign direct investments (FDIs) which can take the form of cross-border acquisitions (brownfield investments) and Greenfield investments. This chapter covers an overview of the literature on the determinants of FDI forms of entry, and M&A activity followed with an empirical investigation of the firm-level determinants of foreign investment in Turkey with emphasis on cross-border acquisitions and Greenfield investments. Summary of the findings is followed with the economic implications of forms of FDI entry. The concluding remarks cover the implications of the results for policy makers.

Investment of Steel Reinforcement Extracted from Destroyed Buildings in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 897 ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Zahraa Ali Jalil ◽  
Hafeth I. Naji ◽  
Mohammed Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Steel Reinforcement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Management Method ◽  
The One

The number of destroyed cities in Iraq has increased significantly over the last five years. It presents a negative impact on the country's economy on the one hand and on the environment on the other. Reconstruction of these cities requires substantial capital to provide building materials needed for reconstruction and this leads to depletion of natural resources. This paper aims at finding an effective management method that contributes to the investment of the remnants of the components of destroyed buildings, including reinforcing steel, using the building information modelling (BIM) technique. The results showed that the amount of steel reinforcement that can be obtained from the destroyed buildings is enormous. Therefore, these quantities must be addressed through reusing or recycling. The sale of these quantities as recycling materials can provide a large income which can be added to the capital of the project.

How to substitute in order to sustain: knowledge driven growth under environmental restrictions

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCAS BRETSCHGER
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
The One

This paper presents different substitution mechanisms which determine, in a theoretical framework, the conditions for long-term sustainable development. In a one-sector approach and in two versions of a multi-sector endogenous growth model, the accumulation and the substitution of man-made inputs for natural resources are analysed. Assuming man-made capital to be an output of a specific sector of the economy, the elasticities of substitution between the different inputs play a more complex role than suggested by the one-sector approach. According to the multi-sector models, the prediction of growth becoming sustainable emerges as realistic, provided that the sectoral adjustment costs in the economy are not too high.

Research and Implementation of the Roll Position Automatic Adjustment System on the One-Time Forming of Cold-Formed Steel Unit

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 231-248
Author(s):  
Qiang Gao ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Yalin Wang ◽  
Hongquan Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Automatic Adjustment ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
The One ◽  
Adjustment System

In order to solve the existing problems of inefficiency, instability, inaccuracy and low degree of automation, the roll position automatic adjustment system is designed for the one-time forming of cold-formed steel unit. The automatic control technology, sensor technology, communication technology and human–machine interface (HMI) configuration technology are applied to this system and the high-performance PLC controller is used as control core. Triple-phase asynchronous motors are controlled by PLC (S7-1500) to drive the gear connected with reducer and coupling so as to drive the rolls connected with the upper and lower horizontal axes to move. The osiswitch is used to calibrate zero position and the closed-loop control system is constructed by analyzing and feedbacking the signal of the sensor. In this way the system can improve the roll position adjustment accuracy. The practical applications show that the whole system is simple, stable and efficient and the maximum detection error of roller displacement is only [Formula: see text]2[Formula: see text]mm. The system can automatically call the corresponding roll position data according to the specification of the steel pipe. The system not only improves the adjustment speed and accuracy, but also avoids the waste of manpower so that the enterprise production efficiency can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, in order to carry out efficient management of the unit, the unit’s health management system was used to analyze and monitor the status of the unit in real-time.

scholarly journals Landscape use of protected areas in the Hódmezővásárhely micro-region

2009 ◽  
pp. 179-193
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Territorial Unit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Landscape Use ◽  
The One

One of the biggest questions of developing rural areas is that people and organisations living and making their activity there how and in what measure utilize the local or obtainable externalresources. The concept of the landscape expresses the direct connection of the natural resources with the socio-economic processes. This is a two-way connection, (1) on the one hand the single landscapes provide the unique combination of natural conditions for the socio-economic utilisation which is different from other landscapes, (2) on the other hand as the result of the interaction of natural spheres together with the social and economic spheres the landscapes change in a different manner and in a different measure. The landscape as a territorial unit and as a resource is inseparable from the natural resources, and the natureconservation plays an increasingly important role in the use of the landscape and landscape management, which is an essential task not only in protected areas, but everywhere. The natural resources, the landscape, the nature conservation and the landscape use are related tightly, in which the so-called ecological/biological resources and their sustainable use have asignificant role. 

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