scholarly journals Спољнотрговинска позиција и мјере подстицаја извоза Републике Српске у односу на праксе подршке развијених економија // The external trade position and the export incentive measures of Republic of Srpska in relation to the practice of advanced economies

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Александра Крчмар
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
National Economies ◽  
Export Incentive

Резиме: Значај извоза за савремене националне привреде је изузетно велики, јер он обезбјеђује бројне позитивне ефекте на микроекономском и макроекономском нивоу. Због тога државе спроводе различите програме подстицаја извоза, повећавајући своју конкурентност на међународном плану. Ово истраживање има два циља. Први циљ је анализа тренутних пракси подстицаја извоза развијених свјетских економија, нарочито бивших транзиционих земаља, које су успјешно извршиле процес преласка са централно-планског на тржишно привређивање. Други циљ је дефинисање постојеће спољнотрговинске позиције Републике Српске, те изналажење оптималног рјешења за проблем подстицаја њеног извоза. У раду је вршено и поређење пракси финансирања извоза Републике Српске са међународном регулативом тог подручја, из разлога што будуће чланство у Европској унији и Свјетској трговинској организацији захтијева прилагођавање програма подршке прописима поменутих организација. Закључак до кога се дошло јесте да Република Српска по много чему заостаје за развијеним свјетским економијама. Непостојање јасног плана подршке извозу и одговарајућег институционалног оквира представља велики проблем, који би се могао ријешити кроз оснивање агенције за промоцију извоза или извозне банке Републике Српске. Будући да су то активности које захтијевају значајно вријеме и финансијска средства, првенствено би пажњу требало посветити привлачењу страних директних инвестиција као покретачу не само извозних, него и укупних привредних активности земаља у развоју.Summary: The importance of export for modern national economies is extremely high, because it provides a number of positive effects on the microeconomic and macroeconomic level. Therefore, countries implement a variety of  export incentive programs, increasing their competitiveness internationally. This study has two objectives. The first objective is to analyze the current practices of export incentives in developed world economies, especially for the former transition countries that have successfully carried out the process of transition from centrally-planned to a market economy. The second objective is to define the current position of Republic of Srpska foreign trade, and finding an optimal solution to the problem of incentives for its exports. The paper also compares  export financing practices of Republic of Srpska with international regulations of the region, because the future membership in the European Union and the World Trade Organization requires adjustment programs for the compliance with the regulations of these organizations. The conclusion is that Republic of Srpska is  in many ways behind the developed economies of the world. The lack of a clear plan  is a major problem that could be addressed through the establishment of Agency for Export Promotion and Republic of Srpska Export Bank. Because these  activities  require significant time and financial resources, particular attention should be paid to attracting foreign direct investment as a driver of not only export, but the overall economic activities in developing countries.

Innovation – Populist Slogan, Why?

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-34
Author(s):  
Peter Ponický ◽  
Vítězslav Zamarský
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Catch Up

Nowadays, innovation is perhaps the most widely spoken global keyword in the field of economy. Everyone talks about innovation and the European Union already for more than a decade, has wanted through innovation to catch up with and take the leading position in the world. However, what is the reality? Europe still has difficulties with the pace of economic growth, which according to many is joined combined with innovation and knowledge. Asian countries often set a price of an innovated product of poor quality and with no added value that includes huge cost of efficient marketing and aggressive advertising. Therefore, is innovation everything what is called this way? Though the world controls the speed and acceleration of changes, it does not mean necessarily an advantage or positive effects. And evolution of a star in a supernova and then a black hole is in the final stages accelerated in an unusual way. The inspiration for our article was slanted to cheap using the word “innovation”, just because it is a European priority. We just drew from his knowledge and life experiences.

scholarly journals An overview of the tourism economic effect in the European Union Member states

Turizam ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-177
Author(s):  
Gordana Petrović ◽  
Darjan Karabašević ◽  
Svetlana Vukotić ◽  
Vuk Mirčetić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Tourism has a notable role in the economies of many countries, and particularly in the countries of the European Union, which are still one of the world's most recognized and visited tourist destinations. The paper aims to analyze the impact of the tourism industry on the economy of the European Union. In this context, the paper is based on research and literature review, in particular, statistics data of Eurostat and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The results achieved by the tourism industry are reflected through certain economic indicators: GDP, employment rate, income, the balance of payments, turnover and consumption. The research area is one of the most visited tourist destinations in the world, which generates significant tourist turnover and justifies the status of an extremely important determinant of economic development. The well managed tourism industry complements other economic activities and increases the income of each EU Member State, and the tourism industry has direct and indirect, positive and negative economic effects.

scholarly journals Tourism And The Environment: The Main Line Of Action For The European Union

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Antonio Villanueva-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
European Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies

Tourism is one of the economic activities that most greatly affects the European Union, as this is the number one tourist destination in the world. Nevertheless, the current international economic crisis, together with the appearance of new tourist destinations in developing countries, has led to a need for new policies in matters of tourism, which are based in quality of service and in the sustainability of tourism. While this is not an entirely new idea, the drawing up of the European Agenda 21 for Tourism has been a key step forward in realizing this achievement.

scholarly journals EFFECT AND IMPORTANCE OF CREDIT FLOWS FROM MONETARY POLICY MANAGEMENT ASPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
Nikola Vidović ◽  
Milenko Dželetović ◽  
Hatidža Beriša
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
National Economies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
World Function

The paper focuses on a topic that explains the impact of credit flows on the conduct of monetary policy, as well as their impact on economic activities within national economies in certain countries in the world. Function and importance for the banking sector, as well as for all economic entities, which are categorized by company size, and the impact on the performance and realization of business activities.By comparing similarities and differences, there is a clear distinction between the basic banking channel of credit and the credit channel in the wider sense, as well as their degree of operation in the period before, during, and after the global economic crisis. The paper highlights the positive effects, as well as the negative, ie how their implementation affects the actors of a country's economic system and what are the consequences with a focus on demand, personal consumption, inflation and employment. The problems of adequate application of the model in periods of recession, as well as the degree of representation in developed countries, moderately developed, and countries in the transition period are studied.

scholarly journals Transitioning to a Green Economy—Possible Effects on the Croatian Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 9342
Author(s):  
Nada Denona Bogovic ◽  
Zvonimira Sverko Grdic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

Following the global economic crisis of 2008, the concept of green economy has become a significant field of interest for scientific research as well as for specific development policies in various countries around the world. More recently, the transition towards green economy has been considered a desirable model and alternative approach to development encompassing all elements of sustainable development—economic, ecological and social. By adopting the 2019 European Green Deal, the European Union has explicitly opted for a new pattern of development that involves all European countries transitioning their economies, i.e., achieving economic growth while significantly reducing their negative environmental impact. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible effects of Croatian economy transitioning in accordance with the European Green Deal strategic framework and resources planned for Croatia in the following EU budgeting period (2021–2027). Based on the regression analysis results and two developed investment scenarios for the green transition, the authors have shown the potential positive effects of such a process on the gross domestic product and on total employment. These results were further supported by arguments based on examples for specific sectors and economic activities. The authors conclude that transitioning towards green economy, i.e., implementing specific green economy policies can serve to push sustainable development in the EU while simultaneously contributing to the implementation of the strategic goals of the European Green Deal.

STUDY OF THE LINKS BETWEEN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD ECONOMY AND TRANSPORT IN 1995–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Maciej Mindur
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
Economic Measure

The article provides a synthetic analysis of the interrelationships between economic development, the primary economic measure of which is the size of Gross Domestic Product, and the volume of transport work measured in tkm and pkm. The study was conducted over a 30-year time series based on the polynomial curves of the most-developed economies (the United States, Japan, China and EU-28) and Russia, the largest area of the world, with large natural resources and significant military industry, and constantly increasing since 2004 GDP. The research shows that GDP in the whole period (1995–2015) in the United States, Japan and the European Union is growing rapidly, significantly ahead of the tkm and pkm transport indicators. In China and Russia, GDP growth has been increasing since 2003, while the dynamic growth of transport (in billion tkm) in 1995–2015 is well ahead of economic growth (GDP). In Poland, trends in the development of the GDP measurement and transport indicators (tkm and pkm) are similar to those of Russia and China.

scholarly journals Theories and Strategies of Economic Development in the Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 984-994
Author(s):  
Gheorghe Cosmin Manea
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Development ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
National Economies

AbstractThe concern for increasing macroeconomic stability is specific to both, small and large countries within the European Community. In that paper are presented ways in which are made links between the states of the world policies and economies development characteristics. That study has imposed a new type of characterization sustained by the national economies manifestation whose is correlated with the interaction between governmental policies and also with national and regional factors. This interaction is conditioned by specify effect of the economic, scientific, demographic, social and cultural development of each country, part of European Union. Taking into account all the imminent obstacles over the years of nations existence, is demonstrated that the European Union is supposed over and over of a new development process, being considered one of the most economically prosperous areas in the world and also one of the most competitive. However, major weaknesses arise due to the existence of significant disparities in prosperity and productivity between Member States and component regions. The complexity of the regional development policy arises at the level of the European Union, from its objective of reducing the economic and social disparities existing between the different region of Europe’s that was and will be an objective that it has implications on important areas for development, such as economic growth, labor force, transport, agriculture, urban development, environmental protection, education. Registered at different levels (local, regional, national and European) - regional policy, deals with the coordination of the different sectors and with the cooperation between the decision levels and the balancing of the financial resources. The conclusion is related with the idea of a must follow regional development economies starting from national level respecting a certain dynamic. That aspect must also take into account the continuous changes determined by the restructuring of the production and the increase of the competitiveness at national and local level.

scholarly journals Unspoken SPS-Plus and SPS-Minus Aspirations: Biotechnologies in EU and US Trade Agreements

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Filippo FONTANELLI
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Don't Ask Don't Tell ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Restrictive Policy

In the World Trade Organization (WTO), the US approach to science-based risks and trade restrictions prevailed over that of the European Union (EU). The EU, dissatisfied with the margin of action available when “relevant scientific evidence is insufficient”, largely kept intact its internal practice on marketing and importing genetically modified (GM) crops and GM-containing products. The goal of this article is to ascertain whether these regulatory preferences of the US and the EU translate into their post-Biotech external trade efforts. US and EU preferential trade agreements are scanned for rules on trade in biotechnology goods or the use of precautionary elements in regulation. It transpires that neither bloc systematically tries (or manages) to bend trade agreements to accommodate its defensive or offensive trade interests in this field. Among the possible reasons for this apparent inertia are the US confidence in the WTO baseline and the EU preference for a “don’t ask, don’t tell” approach to its trade-restrictive policy in this area.

scholarly journals MEGATRENDS OF E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN TECHNOLOGICAL REVOLUTION

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 82-103
Author(s):  
Volodymyr SIDENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The World

The article covers the issues of development of electronic (digital) commerce (EDC) as a key trend in transformation of the world economy. The emphasis is on multidimensional manifestations of the EDC and on a clear tendency towards further diversification of forms of this commerce under conditions of intensive technological transformations of modernity. Its spread is associated with the growing role of the EDC and it is proved that the pace and efficiency of its spread in the sphere of trade and economic operations is largely due to availability of information and communication infrastructure of adequate quality. It is shown that new prospects for the development of e-commerce are related to the key new technologies of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: analytics based on large databases, blockchain technologies, Internet of things and artificial intelligence. The author argues that the latest technologies create the foundation for a systemic change in the very nature of economic and non-economic relations. It is proved that the process of e-commerce spread is controversial and related to the possible presence of both positive results and negative consequences. Positive effects are primarily owing to a significant reduction in costs and expansion of the range of supply, increasing opportunities for promoting goods and services on the market (especially for small and medium-sized businesses) and a significant reduction of time of commercial operations. At the same time, the importance of security of economic development and protection of the rights of individual is emphasized, as in the context of the spread of e-commerce, the risks in these aspects are increasing. Particular attention is paid to the importance of coordinating the e-commerce policy development. The role of the leading international organizations – the UN (UNCTAD and UNCITRAL), the WTO, the OECD, the World Customs Organization, the Universal Postal Union – in the development and regulation of e-commerce is also described. Taking the European Union (the policy of forming a single digital market) and the Eurasian Economic Union (Digital Agenda of the EAEU until 2025) as an example, the growing importance of international regional policy in addressing this problem is shown.

scholarly journals How Economies Change? - A Study of Spain and India

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Marin ◽  
P. Pathak ◽  
S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Game Changer

Comparing economies is a tricky affair because though the parameters are the same yet, the conditionality differ. It is like a comparison of dissimilar attributes. How to juxtapose attributes of one economy vis-à-vis another when the two have entirely different histories, cultures, geographies and other socio political conditions. However, the task before the authors of this paper was to do this very job – comparing economic development of Spain and India with the help of the evolution of industrialization. The present paper is based on the result of research done between July 2015 and January 2016 in the Department of Management Studies, IIT (ISM), Dhanbad, in the context of post doctoral Fellowship from the European Union program Erasmus Mundus AREAS+. The interesting aspect of this study is that despite all constraints Indian economy has grown commendably in comparison to the leading economies of the world, particularly the Western Europe. It may be recalled that the Industrial Revolution that was a game changer for Europe, gave certain inherent advantages to the European countries where it originated. But over the years Indian growth story has been a transformational one, despite a sluggish growth and disadvantaged history of exploitation and subjugation. Moreover, a large and rapidly growing population plagued by illiteracy and poverty has been a further stumbling block. But, the Indian economy has grown despite these difficulties and compares well with many developed economies. The paper details the evolution of Spanish and Indian economies and is based on the research carried out by the main author under the guidance of the two co-authors.

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