An Assessment of the Present and Future Labor Market in the Kurdistan Region — Iraq: Implications for Policies to Increase Private-Sector Employment

10.7249/rr489 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Shatz ◽  
Louay Constant ◽  
Jill Luoto ◽  
Alexandria Smith ◽  
Shmuel Abramzon
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Kurdistan Region

Does the Russian Government Pay a "Fair" Wage: Review of Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Correct Evaluation ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Fair Wage

This paper surveys the literature on public-private sector wage differentials for Russian labor market. We give an overview of the main results and problems of the existing research. The authors unanimously confirm that in Russia private sector workers receive higher wages relative to their public sector counterparts. According to different estimates the "premium" varies between 7 and 40%. A correct evaluation of this "premium" is subject to debate and is a particular case of a more general econometric problem of wage differentials estimation. The main difficulties are related to data limitations, self-selection and omitted variables. Reasons for the existence of a stable private sector "premium" in Russia are not fully investigated.

The Extent of Compatibility between Accounting Education with the Requirements of the Labor Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 68-79
Author(s):  
Shivan Mawlood Hussein ◽  
Hunar M.Hussein M.Raouf ◽  
Robinson Paulmony
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accounting Education ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Descriptive Approach

This study aims to determine the extent of accounting education Compliance with the requirements of the labor market from the point of view Accountants and employers within foundations and local NGOs in Erbil Kurdistan Region. An analytical descriptive approach was used in conducting this study. To achieve the study objectives and test its hypotheses, it was a questionnaire Designed and distributed to (263) respondents from its accountants Institutions Private universities only (220) questionnaire Recovered.

Administrative Empowerment and its Impact on Creative Thinking: A Field Study in Private Sector Banks in the Kurdistan Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahab Abdul Fatah Alalwsy
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Major Study ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to reveals the Impact of managerial empowerment in creative thinking at the private sector banks of Kurdistan Region .the study depends on descriptive and analytical methodize using the practical manner. Study sample consists of employees in (13) banks of the private sector at Kurdistan Region, its amounted (132). a major study finding that there is a significant statistical impact and positive statistical significant correlation between  managerial empowerment and creative thinking ,by its factors, Originality ,Flexibility ,Fluency, Sensitivity to the problems and the ability to analyze .                                                                                                                     

The Challenges of Social Security Coverage and Early Retirement in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 313-340
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Alhawarin ◽  
Irene Selwaness
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Public Sector Employees ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Job

Jordan has undergone a profound social security reform since 2010, primarily aiming to ensure the financial sustainability of the system over time. Using data from the 2010 and 2016 Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS), this chapter examines the dynamics of Jordanian workers’ access to social security and trends in early retirement incidence before and after the reform. The chapter also explores the time it takes to acquire social security coverage on the labor market before and after the reform. Our findings show that the overall incidence of social insurance coverage slightly increased in 2016, for private sector wage workers, irregular wage workers, and non-wage workers (employers and self-employed). Public sector employees were the most likely to acquire social insurance coverage at the start of their jobs, followed by the private sector wage workers inside establishments. Both men and women who started their first job after the 2010 reform experienced a decline in their probability of acquiring social insurance coverage upon their job start. Moreover, the average incidence of early retirement slightly declined among men while still being highly prevalent around ages 40–46.

The Guardians of Your Business KPI's Strength

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Alina Stanciu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
William Gibson ◽  
The Future

Being an entrepreneur means looking ahead. The purpose of this study is to answer the question that become the key for each entrepreneur: Is not just what does the client want now, but what does the client expect in the future? There are many other developments which can affect the running of the companies, both now and in the future. But how far away we are looking? 5 years, 10 years? Apparently “the future is already here — it's just not very evenly distributed.” (William Gibson). When we speak about the future we speak about megatrends, about the vision, predictions or scenarious. Major global forces taking shape today will significantly impact the business landscape for the private sector until 2030. Some of these are known to us: population ageing and the resulting expected tightness on the labor market. The results revealed that the demands that society and the environment will increasingly place on the company's business strategy.

scholarly journals Employment targeting in a frictional labor market

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chetan Ghate ◽  
Debojyoti Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Friction Model ◽  
Search And Matching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public

Purpose Governments in both developing and developed economies play an active role in labor markets in the form of providing both formal public sector jobs and employment through public workfare programs. The authors refer to this as employment targeting. The purpose of the paper is to consider different labor market effects of employment targeting in a stylized model of a developing economy. In the context of a simple search and matching friction model, the authors show that the propensity for the public sector to target more employment can increase the unemployment rate in the economy and lead to an increase in the size of the informal sector. Design/methodology/approach The model is an application of a search and matching model of labor market frictions, where agents have heterogeneous abilities. The authors introduce a public sector alongside the private sector in the economy. Wage in the private sector is determined through Nash bargaining, whereas the public sector wage is exogenously fixed. In this setup, the public sector hiring rate influences private sector job creation and hence the overall employment rate of the economy. As an extension, the authors model the informal sector coupled with the other two sectors. This resembles developing economies. Then, the authors check the overall labor market effects of employment targeting through public sector intervention. Findings In the context of a simple search and matching friction model with heterogeneous agents, the authors show that the propensity for the public sector to target more employment can increase the unemployment rate in the economy and lead to an increase in the size of the informal sector. Employment targeting can, therefore, have perverse effects on labor market outcomes. The authors also find that it is possible that the private sector wage falls as a result of an increase in the public sector hiring rate, which leads to more job creation in the private sector. Originality/value What is less understood in the literature is the impact of employment targeting on the size of the informal sector in developing economies. The authors fill this gap and show that public sector intervention can have perverse effects on overall job creation and the size of the informal sector. Moreover, a decrease in the private sector wage due to a rise in public sector hiring reverses the consensus findings in the search and matching literature which show that an increase in public sector employment disincentivizes private sector vacancy postings.

The funding status of retiree health plans in the public sector

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT L. CLARK ◽  
MELINDA SANDLER MORRILL
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Health Plans ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Accounting ◽  
Retirement Benefit ◽  
Unfunded Liabilities

AbstractWhile no longer common in the private sector, most public sector employers offer retiree health insurance (RHI) as a retirement benefit to their employees. While these plans are thought to be an important tool for employers to attract, retain, motivate, and ultimately retire workers, they represent a large and growing cost. This paper reviews what is currently known about RHI in the public sector, while highlighting many important unanswered questions. The analysis is informed by data produced in accordance with the 2004 Government Accounting Standards Board Rule 45 (GASB 45). We consider the extent of the unfunded liabilities states face and explore what factors may explain the variation in liabilities across states. The importance and sustainability of RHI plans in the public sector ultimately depend on how workers view and value this post-retirement benefit, yet little is known about how RHI directly impacts the public sector labor market. We conclude with a discussion of the future of RHI plans in the public sector.

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