Humans 2.0: Writing the future of human evolution

Mètode Revista de difusió de la investigació ◽

10.7203/metode.10.12554 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gemma Marfany

Keyword(s):

Human Evolution ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Phenotype Correlation ◽

Future Evolution ◽

Genotype Phenotype Correlation ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The Future ◽

Potential Impact ◽

Near Future

Can humans control the future evolution of our species? Based on current knowledge in genetics, one can infer and extrapolate what may happen in the near future. After all, if we are to predict the future, we must first understand the foundations of our present. To answer the first question, I will briefly present what we know about our genome and whether we have enough data to infer who we are (known as the genotype–phenotype correlation), then I will present new technological advances and their potential impact on our evolution.

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Comparing the victimization impact of cybercrime and traditional crime

Journal of Digital Social Research ◽

10.33621/jdsr.v3i3.66 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 85-110

Author(s):

Jildau Borwell ◽

Jurjen Jansen ◽

Wouter Stol

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Literature Review ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Future Research ◽

Knowledge Gap ◽

Research Directions ◽

The Future ◽

Future Research Directions ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact

This paper addresses the importance of building knowledge on the impact of cybercrime victimization. Because the topic is understudied, it is unclear whether the impact of cybercrime differs from that of traditional crime. Our understanding of potential impact differences needs to be improved, considering that society and criminality are digitizing and, consequently, more people are likely to become victims of cybercrime. From a practical perspective, knowledge about the impact of different crimes is important to develop victim policies within law enforcement and other relevant agencies, and to treat victims appropriately. In this paper, a literature review is provided, as well as future research directions to address the current knowledge gap. The future research directions are divided in three topics: (1) distinguishing between cybercrime and traditional crime, (2) classifying cybercrime and traditional crime, and (3) measuring the victimization impact of cybercrime and traditional crime.

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The future of animal feeding.

10.1079/9781789245929.0016 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 126-134

Author(s):

Daniel Murta

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Feed Ingredients ◽

The Future ◽

Animal Feeding ◽

Potential Impact

Abstract This chapter will provide an overview of the current knowledge on some existing novel feed ingredients besides insects, their potential impact on the quality of feed, and how they compare with insects. The chapter will also discuss major challenges to the use of insects as feed, focusing on what could be important in the future, as well as the need for further research and development.

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Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy Candidiasis Ectodermal Dystrophy: Insights into Genotype-Phenotype Correlation

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2012/353250 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Donatella Capalbo ◽

Lucia De Martino ◽

Giuliana Giardino ◽

Raffaella Di Mase ◽

Iolanda Di Donato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Single Gene ◽

Monogenic Disease ◽

Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽

Phenotype Correlation ◽

Genotype Phenotype Correlation ◽

Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Chronic Hypoparathyroidism ◽

Rare Autosomal Recessive Disease

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, caused by mutations of a single gene named autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) which results in a failure of T cell tolerance within the thymus. Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, chronic hypoparathyroidism, and Addison’s disease are the hallmarks of the syndrome. APECED is also characterized by several autoimmune endocrine and nonendocrine manifestations, and the phenotype is often complex. Moreover, even though APECED is a monogenic disease, its clinical picture is generally dominated by a wide heterogeneity both in the severity and in the number of components even among siblings with the sameAIREgenotype. The variability of its clinical expression implies that diagnosis can be challenging, and a considerable delay often occurs between the appearance of symptoms and the diagnosis. Since a prompt diagnosis is essential to prevent severe complications, clinicians should be aware of all symptoms and signs of suspicion. The aim of this paper is to give an overview on the clinical presentation and diagnostic criteria of APECED and to focus on current knowledge on genotype-phenotype correlation.

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Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome in Neonates: Report of Fourteen New Cases and A Review of the Literature

10.21203/rs.3.rs-18814/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mei Mei ◽

Lin Yang ◽

Yulan Lu ◽

Laishuan Wang ◽

Guoqiang Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Knowledge ◽

Molecular Testing ◽

Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽

Phenotype Correlation ◽

Mild Phenotype ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Neonatal Onset ◽

Genotype Phenotype Correlation ◽

Central Hypoventilation ◽

Hypoventilation Syndrome

Abstract Background: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by pathogenic variants in PHOX2B gene. Characteristics of neonatal-onset CCHS cases have not been well assessed. Our study aimed to expand current knowledge of clinical and genetic features of neonates with CCHS and provide data on the genotype-phenotype correlation.Methods: We made a retrospective analysis of 14 neonates carrying PHOX2B pathogenic variants from 2014 to 2019 and we reviewed previously published neonatal-onset cases. Clinical and genetic data were analyzed. Moreover, genotype-phenotype correlation analysis was performed.Results: We identified a total of 60 cases with neonatal-onset CCHS including 14 novel cases from our local cohort. Nearly 20% (18.2%, 10/55) of the patients were born prematurely. Nearly half (46.2%, 18/39) of the patients had abnormal family history. Polyhydramnios was observed in 21.3% (10/47) of the patients. About 90% of the patients manifested hypoventilation in the first week. Forty-six (76.7%) patients were classified as severer-CCHS. Gastrointestinal manifestations were observed in 71.7% of the patients. Approximately twofold more males than females were affected by Hirschprung disease (HSCR)/variant HSCR (75.8% vs 35%, P=0.003). Neural crest tumor occurred in 9.1% (4/44) patients. Half patients had PARMs in PHOX2B and the left had 23 distinct non-PARMs (NPARMs) with one novel variant (c.684dup). The prevalence of HSCR and mild-CCHS among patients with NPARMs was significantly greater than that of the patients with PARMs.Conclusions: This report provides a large cohort of neonatal-onset CCHS cases. The results indicate that severe hypoventilation and HSCR are frequently observed in this group. NPARMs accounted for half of the cohort with some genotypes tend to be associated with mild phenotype. Molecular testing in suspicious neonates and genetic counseling for CCHS families are highly recommended.

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Numerical modeling of the dynamics of Mer de Glace glacier, French Alps: comparison with past observations and forecasting of near future evolution

10.5194/tc-2020-75 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Vincent Peyaud ◽

Coline Bouchayer ◽

Olivier Gagliardini ◽

Christian Vincent ◽

Fabien Gillet-Chaulet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Modeling ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Ice Flow ◽

Thickness Change ◽

Future Evolution ◽

The Future ◽

Glacier Modeling ◽

Future Consequences ◽

Hydropower Industry ◽

Near Future

Abstract. All alpine glaciers are shrinking and retreating at an accelerating rate in a warming climate. Glacier modeling is required to assess the future consequences of this retreat on water resources, the hydropower industry and risk management. However, the performance of such ice flow modeling is generally difficult to evaluate because of the lack of long-term glaciological observations. Here, we assess the performance of the Elmer/Ice full-Stokes ice flow model using the long dataset of mass balance, thickness change, ice flow velocity and snout fluctuation measurements obtained between 1979 and 2015 on the Mer de Glace (Mont Blanc area). Ice flow modeling results are compared in detail to comprehensive glaciological observations over four decades including both a period of glacier expansion and a long period of decay. To our knowledge a comparison to data at this detail is unprecedented. We found that the model accurately reconstructs the velocity and elevation variations of this glacier despite some discrepancies that remain unexplained. The calibrated and validated model was then applied to simulate the future evolution of Mer de Glace from 2015 to 2050 using 26 different climate scenarios. Depending on the climate scenarios, this glacier, the largest in France, could retreat by 2 to 5 km over the next three decades.

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Numerical modeling of the dynamics of the Mer de Glace glacier, French Alps: comparison with past observations and forecasting of near-future evolution

The Cryosphere ◽

10.5194/tc-14-3979-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3979-3994

Author(s):

Vincent Peyaud ◽

Coline Bouchayer ◽

Olivier Gagliardini ◽

Christian Vincent ◽

Fabien Gillet-Chaulet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Modeling ◽

Climate Scenarios ◽

Ice Flow ◽

Thickness Change ◽

Future Evolution ◽

The Future ◽

Glacier Modeling ◽

Future Consequences ◽

Hydropower Industry ◽

Near Future

Abstract. Alpine glaciers are shrinking and rapidly loosing mass in a warming climate. Glacier modeling is required to assess the future consequences of these retreats on water resources, the hydropower industry and risk management. However, the performance of such ice flow modeling is generally difficult to evaluate because of the lack of long-term glaciological observations. Here, we assess the performance of the Elmer/Ice full Stokes ice flow model using the long dataset of mass balance, thickness change, ice flow velocity and snout fluctuation measurements obtained between 1979 and 2015 on the Mer de Glace glacier, France. Ice flow modeling results are compared in detail to comprehensive glaciological observations over 4 decades including both a period of glacier expansion preceding a long period of decay. To our knowledge, a comparison to data at this detail is unprecedented. We found that the model accurately reconstructs the velocity, elevation and length variations of this glacier despite some discrepancies that remain unexplained. The calibrated and validated model was then applied to simulate the future evolution of Mer de Glace from 2015 to 2050 using 26 different climate scenarios. Depending on the climate scenarios, the largest glacier in France, with a length of 20 km, could retreat by 2 to 6 km over the next 3 decades.

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Water quality monitoring-technological advantages and potential developments in the use of fibre optic technology

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1998.0548 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 37 (12) ◽

pp. 247-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. T. V. Grattan

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Environmental Monitoring ◽

Water Quality Monitoring ◽

Quality Monitoring ◽

Fibre Optic ◽

Optical Techniques ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The Future ◽

Potential Impact

In this paper, a review of the primary drivers of the use of optical and fibre optic technology upon water quality monitoring is considered. The technological advances and challenges are discussed and the potential impact of new components, devices and methods illustrated for environmental monitoring into the future, using optical techniques.

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Catholicism and Cosmopolitanism: the Confluence of Three Catholic Scholars and the Cosmopolitan Democrats on State Sovereignty and the Future of Global Governance

De Ethica A Journal of Philosophical Theological and Applied Ethics ◽

10.3384/de-ethica.2001-8819.163237 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 37-51

Author(s):

Matthew Bagot

Keyword(s):

Global Governance ◽

State Sovereignty ◽

Current Debate ◽

Past Century ◽

Jacques Maritain ◽

The Past ◽

Technological Advances ◽

The Future ◽

Cosmopolitan Democracy ◽

Catholic Tradition

One of the central questions in international relations today is how we should conceive of state sovereignty. The notion of sovereignty—’supreme authority within a territory’, as Daniel Philpott defines it—emerged after the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 as a result of which the late medieval crisis of pluralism was settled. But recent changes in the international order, such as technological advances that have spurred globalization and the emerging norm of the Responsibility to Protect, have cast the notion of sovereignty into an unclear light. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the current debate regarding sovereignty by exploring two schools of thought on the matter: first, three Catholic scholars from the past century—Luigi Sturzo, Jacques Maritain, and John Courtney Murray, S.J.—taken as representative of Catholic tradition; second, a number of contemporary political theorists of cosmopolitan democracy. The paper argues that there is a confluence between the Catholic thinkers and the cosmopolitan democrats regarding their understanding of state sovereignty and that, taken together, the two schools have much to contribute not only to our current understanding of sovereignty, but also to the future of global governance.

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