scholarly journals Crise politique et transnationalisation de l’État en Amérique latine : une interprétation théorique

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Nef
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
Structural Relationships ◽  
Acute Crisis

If the crisis of the state has been a common trait in Latin America, its manifestations have not been the same throughout the continent. This article examines two general and apparently contraditory trends : the trend toward authoritarian capitalism resulting from the crisis of hegemony in South America and the trend towards popularly-based insurgency resulting from a crisis of domination in most of Central America. The author bases his general interpretation of these trends on the analysis of the historical and structural relationships between four factors identified as responsible for the drastic change in the role of the state, from "national development" to "national security" : the crisis in the model of accumulation, the growing polarization of political alliance, the transnationalization of the civil society and the state, and the interplay between relative autonomy of the state and transnationalization. He finds that the combination of transnational integration of the Latin American elites into one U.S.-centered project with hegemonic pretensions, and a growing marginalization and alienation on the part of the bulk of the internal constituencies has brought about an acute crisis of both legitimation and domination. As violence becomes the most common political currency -with repression and plain state terrorism evolving into a distinct style of politics - and the prospects towards redemocratization being very fragile, the author concludes that revolutionary struggles may be the only possibility for an indigenous redefinition of development, national self-determination and democracy.

scholarly journals The Urban Worlds of Latin and Anglo America: PrefatoryThoughts

2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard M. Morse
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Introductory Paper

This introductory paper examines some of the main questions raised by the papers presented to the urbanization symposium in Vancouver. Comparisons between the Latin American urban experience and that of the United States and Canada revealed basic contrasts in spite of some broad hemispheric similarities. Differences were particularly apparent in the residual influence of native society on later European settlement, in the role of the state versus private commerce in growth and development, and in the differing class structures.

Anthropological Reflections on the Breakup of Sudan

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leif Manger
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
North And South

The division of Sudan into two countries on 9 July 2011 following the self-determination referendum of 9 January represents a rare development in Africa. Few examples exist of new state formations in the continent after the end of the colonial period. Answering the call of the IJMES editor to reflect on what this event will mean for our understanding of Sudan might take us in several directions. Let me use this opportunity to comment on two themes that have concerned me lately: the role of the state and the possibility that multiple national identities will evolve in North and South Sudan.

scholarly journals UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN THE FRENCH REPUBLIC: STRUCTURE AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Alla Durdas
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
National Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
University Education ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legislative Framework

The article deals with the complex and multistage system of higher education of the French Republic. The structural features of higher education in France, its complex and multi-stage system has been considered. Attention is drawn to the role of the state in the field of higher education in France. The importance of the development of education for the national development of the country and civilization as a whole has been stressed. A strong centralized presence and role of the state in the field of education in France has been noted, in particular in the organization of the educational process and in financing the education sector, as well as in determining the fundamental principles of the educational process, the details of the curriculum at all levels of education, the organization of the procedure for receiving teachers, determining the content, recruitment teachers who become public officers, ensuring their continuing education; recruiting and training inspectors responsible for quality control of the education system; funding public education and subsidizing “private schools under contract”. The article focuses on the constant attention of the state to the problems of education. It highlights the openness of the French system of higher education and its accessibility for most of the population. The features of France’s higher education management system and the specifics of its legislative framework have been disclosed. Four Legislative Acts of the Ministry of Education are characterized, played an important role in its functioning. A more democratic and collegial management of universities for today has been noted. The relevance of the study of the structure and legislative framework of university education in France has been grounded. The types of higher education institutions in France and their features in the context of development trends have been investigated. The current stage of development of the system of French university education and the features of structural transformations have been considered. The features of the functioning of universities, “grand schools” and private higher education institutions have been disclosed. The article draws attention to the achievement of the French system of higher education and its uniqueness. The role and place of large schools in the system of higher education in France have been highlighted. Leading elite schools and universities have been mentioned, as well as the conditions for entering them. Attention was paid to the almost equal quality of education in the capital and in the province.

scholarly journals Discontinuous continuity: Structural change and its (divergent) meanings in Latin American structuralism and neo-structuralism

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (80) ◽  
pp. 445-469
Author(s):  
Emilia Ormaechea ◽  
Víctor Ramiro Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Role Of The State

This paper analyses the continuities and discontinuities regarding the concept of structural change in Latin American structuralism and neo-structuralism and considers the global context in which these ideas and their variations are produced. In this sense, the transformations of capitalism from 1950 onwards are taken into account as are the diagnoses and strategies promoted by the ECLAC to ultimately achieve structural change through structuralism and neo-structuralism. How the role of the state is conceived in each of these contexts and the consequences derived from state intervention to promote the structural change are also analysed.

scholarly journals Energy-Efficient Real Estate or How It Is Perceived by Potential Homebuyers in Four Latin American Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 3531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Encinas ◽  
Carlos Marmolejo-Duarte ◽  
Elizabeth Wagemann ◽  
Carlos Aguirre
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Technological Problem ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Role Of The State

This article analyses how energy efficiency regulatory frameworks have been developed in Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Chile, within a context of developing countries, and it discusses if this context has been able to influence a culture of buildings’ energy efficiency in consumers. An online survey was applied to consumers who wanted to buy a house, aiming to understand their position regarding sustainability, and the role of the state versus the individual role, among other issues. The aim of the study is to identify consumer’s perception of energy efficiency and sustainability to promote a future research agenda in the Latin American context. In general, consumers value sustainability, except when they are presented in opposition to economic growth and social protection. However, it is possible to identify differences between Chile, with an established neoliberal economy, and countries that have economies in transition. Indeed, Argentina and Brazil show differences in terms of the role of the State, or the thermal comfort, which is considered a matter of habits rather than a mere technological problem. For driving more sustainable behaviours, consumers should be engaged in the implementation of these standards, creating a twofold process including homebuyers on one hand and mandatory requirements on the other.

The Ricardian State: Carlos Calvo and Latin America’s Ambivalent Origin Story for the Age of Decolonization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Teresa Davis
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Final Section ◽  
National Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Free Markets ◽  
American States ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Origin Story

Abstract This paper explores Latin America’s place in discussions about decolonization through the work of the Argentine international lawyer Carlos Calvo. It argues that while Calvo was an early proponent of Latin American sovereignty and a subtle critic of European empires, he worked within a framework that differed remarkably from that of post-World War II decolonization struggles. Most notably, Calvo’s defense of Latin American sovereignty was rooted in a liberal anti-imperialism which emphasized the important role of Latin American states as the bulwarks of free markets rather than the role of the state in curtailing markets in favor of national development. In the final section of this paper I suggest some ways in which highlighting the history of liberal anti-imperialism might help reframe some of the conundrums present in recent histories of the more renowned era of Asian and African decolonization.

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