scholarly journals L’assurance vie : un atout pour lutter contre la pauvreté monétaire des travailleurs dans la CEMAC

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 267-290
Author(s):  
Jean Francky Landry Ngono
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Indicator Variables ◽  
Moments Method ◽  
Error Terms ◽  
Generalized Moments

The objective of this study is to determine the effect of life insurance on the monetary poverty of workers in the CEMAC. To do this, data from the World Bank (2019), the United Nations Program (UNDP, 2018) and the Global Financial Development Database (2019) justified a study period which goes from 2007 to 2017. The estimation of the model used in this work was done, using least squares with indicator variables then corrected for problems of heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation of error terms by panel corrected standard error (PCSE) and the least squares achievable (FGLS), then by the generalized moments method. As a result, it first appears that life insurance can significantly reduce the percentage of working poor in CEMAC. And secondly, it appears that education is an important lever to combat the precariousness of workers in this sub-region. Finally, the results show that political stability and an increase in the growth rate of the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita also reduce the percentage of working poor in the CEMAC.

scholarly journals The Unbearable Errorlessness of Global Poverty Estimates

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michail Moatsos
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Global Poverty ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Error Terms

Abstract In October 2015 the World Bank initiated the Atkinson Commission on Global Poverty seeking advise on (1) keeping the international poverty line (iPL) constant in real terms, and (2) what else the Bank should make available to complement the dollar-a-day estimates. The Commission’s Report bears a set of 21 key recommendations, largely covering the most important voiced worries of the research community over the Bank’s methods and estimates. In response the Bank adopted fully and unconditionally only one–out of ten–recommendations regarding point one above, and three–out of nine–recommendations to the second point. In addition the Bank accepted one of the two overarching recommendations. Among the remaining 16 sidelined or partially accepted recommendations lies arguably the most obvious and important one: the urge that the Bank publishes the error terms of its estimates. Without them these estimates are supported by little else other than the administrative authority of the Bank.

SMALL LANDOWNERS AND LAND DISTRIBUTION IN IRAN, 1962–71

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Gholi Majd
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Number Of Individuals

During the Cold War years following World War II, the U.S. government and international agencies such as the World Bank and FAO strongly advocated and pushed for land reform (distribution) in countries under U.S. influence. Examples of American-sponsored land reforms included the land-distribution programs in Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, South Vietnam, Iran, the Philippines, and El Salvador. Land reform in practice consisted of giving the ownership of land to the cultivating tenants and sharecroppers. By giving land to the tenants, it was believed that a communist revolution or takeover could be avoided. The modern theoretical basis for land reform can be found in the writings of such Marxist scholars as Alain de Janvry, the non-Marxist writers Albert Berry and William Cline, and the World Bank economists Hans Binswanger and Miranda Elgins.1 Marxist writers had stressed the political aspects of “anti-feudal” reforms. Such reforms were said to promote political stability as well as strengthen capitalism. How the abrogation of private-property rights was supposed to “strengthen” capitalism was not really explained. Non-Marxist writers concentrated on increased efficiency and increased output that was expected from land redistribution. Berry and Cline showed that in labor-surplus underdeveloped dual economies with a bi-modal farm structure (where large commercial and small subsistence farms existed side by side), a land reform that redistributed land from large farms to small farms increased agricultural production and rural welfare, and brought about economic growth and development. In addition, land reform was seen to result in greater social equity (taking land from wealthy landowners and giving it to poor farmers). It was an article of faith among the proponents of land reform that “the hated class of absentee landlords” did not fulfill any useful socio-economic function, at least none that could not be performed equally well by some government agency. They also believed that sharecropping and tenancy did not fulfill any useful social and economic functions. It was implicitly assumed in the theoretical writings that the rights of a small number of individuals were to be sacrificed for the benefit of the many. In none of the theoretical literature was the possibility of expropriating a large number of individuals advocated or even considered.

scholarly journals Working Poor in Modern Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Ashmarov
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Working Poor ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
The World ◽  
Work Functions ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Poor Population

The problem considered in the article is the problem of poverty, as well as the problem of citizens who are called the new poor or the working poor in Russia today. Unfortunately, there are no statistics on the working poor, in our country but we believe that this is a very large part of the population of modern Russia. The article reveals in detail the concept of poverty, considers the phenomenon of poverty in Russia, as well as the national traits of poverty in our country and shows its national characteristics. We attributed to them such traits as wide spread of poverty in Russia, both in urban and rural areas; also, women are referred to the poor population most frequently, the ones who are left with their children without any financial support on the part of their spouses. Russias economy has faced a unique phenomenon of the working poor. The employees who perform their work functions in their workplaces get so low payment for their work that they can be regarded as the working poor. The article brings forth international statistics on poverty in Russia, the source of which being objective information of the World Bank as a UN institution. On this basis, it keeps track of the dynamics of poverty in Russia and draws the corresponding findings and the conclusion.

scholarly journals SUPPORT OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM BY SOCIETY AS A FACTOR OF GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
◽  
Anatoly Tkach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Efficiency

The problem of the level of support for governments and leaders as a factor of inefficient governance is analyzed. The consequences affect the character of the regime and reduce the level of support for democratic systems. Efficiency of governments, support of economic growth, provision of quality medical care, fight against crime affect the attitude of the population to democracy. The level of satisfaction with democracy is determined by fluctuations in economic indicators, the level of crime. Support for democracy remains relatively immune to changes in government efficiency. When developing performance indicators, it is recommended to use the "rule of four C": clarity (clearness); completeness; complexity and consistency. Indicators must be specific, real and, most importantly, quantifiable. The Government Performance Index is an index developed by the World Bank Group that measures the quality of public services, civil service, policy formulation, policy implementation, and confidence in the government's commitment to improving or maintaining these qualities at a high level. The World Bank publishes an index of government effectiveness among the other five global indicators of governance: accountability, political stability, quality of regulation, rule of law and control of corruption. These indices are considered measurements of management. The Public Administration Efficiency Index uses forty-seven variables (quality of bureaucracy, infrastructure for distribution of goods and services) from thirty-two sources, Global Insight business conditions and risk indicators. These variables are then combined using a component model. As an indicator, the index of public administration efficiency does not allow to identify specific problems of the country, to analyze specific solutions, but it is a tool for comparing countries, to measure the trend of improvement in a particular mode. Government efficiency is correlated with life satisfaction, GDP per capita, and education expenditures, which promotes democratic development.

scholarly journals Economic Reform, Social Welfare, and Instability: Jordan, Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, 1983–2004

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed El-Said ◽  
Jane Harrigan
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Liberalization ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Mena Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This article fills an important gap in the literature by exploring the trends in social welfare in four MENA countries that have undertaken extensive economic liberalization programs under the auspices of the IMF and the World Bank — namely, Jordan, Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco. Studying the experiences of these countries provides an opportunity to enhance the understanding of the link between economic reforms, the level of social welfare provision, and political stability.

scholarly journals Influence of External Forces on Bank Recapitalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Etri Ernovianti ◽  
Nor Hayati Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Banking Crises ◽  
Economic Region ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
External Forces

Purpose: This paper provides evidence of the influence of selected external forces during the banking crises on the recapitalized performance of banks in Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand in the IMT-GT economic region.  Methodology: The study covers a period of 19 years from 1997 to 2015 across 45 commercial banks.  The data was collected from the World Bank database and the global economy website. Results: Although the strategy of capital injection used to strengthen the capital position of the banks proved positively significant, the results showed GDP, Inflation and Political Stability Index had different impact on the recapitalized banks' performance in these three countries. The overall results appears to indicate that external forces  have higher impact on Indonesia banks compared to Thailand and Malaysian banks over the study period. Implications: This study recommend recapitalize banks to efficiently utilize their enlarged capital base to expand their lending activities and investment to real sectors in order to generate higher economic growth for the IMT-GT region.

World Bank/USAID co-hosted debate on "funding allocations for HIV/AIDS", webcasted live from the World Bank

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Mah ◽  
Marelize Gorgens ◽  
Elizabeth Ashbourne ◽  
Cristina Romero ◽  
Nejma Cheikh
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Hiv Aids

Inside the World Bank

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Yi-chong ◽  
Patrick Weller
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World
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