scholarly journals La mise en tourisme de l’archéologie sur la côte nord du Pérou

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle POIRIER-VANNIER
Keyword(s):  
Inégalités Sociales ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
Huacas De Moche ◽  
La Luna

La côte nord du Pérou regorge de sites archéologiques de l’époque préhispanique, mais cette région reste encore peu fréquentée par les touristes internationaux. La ville de Trujillo, capitale de la région de La Libertad, est située dans la direction opposée de Cuzco et du Machu Picchu, à neuf heures en autobus de Lima. Les subventions et les plans de développement se concentrent principalement dans la région centre-sud (Cuzco et Machu Picchu), créant de fortes inégalités sociales entre le nord et le sud du Pérou. Dans un tel contexte, de quelle façon la mise en valeur de l’archéologie sur la côte nord du pays s’articule-t-elle ? Quel est le rôle de l’archéologie pour les populations régionales ? De quelle façon le développement et la mise en place de dispositifs et la programmation d’activités culturelles et communautaires influent-ils sur la transmission de valeurs ainsi que le développement d’une identité régionale sur la côte nord du Pérou ? À partir de deux études de cas, Chan Chan et Huacas de Moche, nous cherchons à faire ressortir différentes approches de mise en valeur et d’exposition utilisées au complexe archéologique et au musée de site. La cité de Chan Chan aurait été la capitale du royaume de Chimor (900 à 1476 apr. J. ‑ C.) et utilisée à titre de siège du gouvernement, de résidence, de centre administratif et de centre religieux. Le complexe de Huaca del Sol y de la Luna aurait été la capitale de la civilisation moche (100 av. J. ‑ C. à 700 apr. J. ‑ C.) à son apogée. Il représente l’un des plus anciens centres cérémonials urbains de la côte nord du Pérou. L’analyse des circuits de visites aux complexes archéologiques et aux musées de site de Chan Chan et de Huacas de Moche vise à mettre en parallèle deux approches d’utilisation de dispositifs et de construction d’un discours sur l’archéologie. Le cas du musée de site de Chan Chan présente un modèle muséographique des années 1990, tandis que celui du musée de site de Huacas de Moche propose une approche puisant ses concepts dans la nouvelle muséologie (2010). Par ailleurs, ces modèles de gestion, l’un issu du secteur public (Chan Chan) et l’autre (Huacas de Moche) émanant d’une gestion mixte, ont une influence sur la manière de présenter l’archéologie au public. Cela nous amène à nous questionner sur le rôle du musée de site dans la construction d’un discours sur l’archéologie, ainsi que sur son lien avec la communauté locale.

Climate and Social Changes: Reviewing the Equation with Data from the Huacas de Moche Archaeological Complex, Peru

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Santiago Uceda ◽  
Henry Gayoso ◽  
Feren Castillo ◽  
Carlos Rengifo
Keyword(s):  
El Niño ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Current Data ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
The North ◽  
Huacas De Moche ◽  
The Impact ◽  
La Luna

Investigations at the site of Huacas de Moche—also referred to as Huacas del Sol and de la Luna—on the north coast of Peru show a continuous occupational sequence from around AD 100 to 1500. The longest occupation corresponds to the Moche culture from around AD 100 to 850. Based on available archaeological evidence, this article examines the impact of an El Niño-like event in AD 600 on the history of Huacas de Moche. Widely held hypotheses assumed that this kind of climatic event caused the abandonment of the site; however, such explanations do not fit the current data. After almost three decades of research, archaeological evidence indicates that after the El Niño-like phenomenon of AD 600, the Old Temple of Huaca de la Luna was closed down, and the New Temple was built toward the east of the previous one, on the same slope of Cerro Blanco. Furthermore, on the opposite side of the site, the building called Huaca del Sol experienced its last and greatest architectural expansion, becoming a large-scale palace. These new lines of evidence lead us to reassess the effect that the El Niño-like phenomenon of AD 600 had on the development of the Moche culture at the site.

From Stonehenge to Samarkand

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Gustave Flaubert ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
British Museum ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
Cruise Ship ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Ancient Civilization ◽  
Machu Picchu ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Silk Road

Ever since Roman tourists scratched graffiti on the pyramids and temples of Egypt over two thousand years ago, people have traveled far and wide seeking the great wonders of antiquity. In From Stonehenge to Samarkand, noted archaeologist and popular writer Brian Fagan offers an engaging historical account of our enduring love of ancient architecture--the irresistible impulse to visit strange lands in search of lost cities and forgotten monuments. Here is a marvelous history of archaeological tourism, with generous excerpts from the writings of the tourists themselves. Readers will find Herodotus describing the construction of Babylon; Edward Gibbon receiving inspiration for his seminal work while wandering through the ruins of the Forum in Rome; Gustave Flaubert watching the sunrise from atop the Pyramid of Cheops. We visit Easter Island with Pierre Loti, Machu Picchu with Hiram Bingham, Central Africa with David Livingstone. Fagan describes the early antiquarians, consumed with a passionate and omnivorous curiosity, pondering the mysteries of Stonehenge, but he also considers some of the less reputable figures, such as the Earl of Elgin, who sold large parts of the Parthenon to the British Museum. Finally, he discusses the changing nature of archaeological tourism, from the early romantic wanderings of the solitary figure, communing with the departed spirits of Druids or Mayans, to the cruise-ship excursions of modern times, where masses of tourists are hustled through ruins, barely aware of their surroundings. From the Holy Land to the Silk Road, the Yucatán to Angkor Wat, Fagan follows in the footsteps of the great archaeological travelers to retrieve their first written impressions in a book that will delight anyone fascinated with the landmarks of ancient civilization.

scholarly journals Responses of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities of Two Tropical, High-Mountain Lakes to Climate Change and Deacidification

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Javier Alcocer ◽  
Luis A. Oseguera ◽  
Diana Ibarra-Morales ◽  
Elva Escobar ◽  
Lucero García-Cid
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Mountain Lakes ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Communities ◽  
High Mountain Lakes ◽  
La Luna

High-mountain lakes are among the most comparable ecosystems globally and recognized sentinels of global change. The present study pursued to identify how the benthic macroinvertebrates (BMI) communities of two tropical, high mountain lakes, El Sol and La Luna, Central Mexico, have been affected by global/regional environmental pressures. We compared the environmental characteristics and the BMI communities between 2000–2001 and 2017–2018. We identified three principal environmental changes (the air and water temperature increased, the lakes’ water level declined, and the pH augmented and became more variable), and four principal ecological changes in the BMI communities [a species richness reduction (7 to 4), a composition change, and a dominant species replacement all of them in Lake El Sol, a species richness increase (2 to 4) in Lake La Luna, and a drastic reduction in density (38% and 90%) and biomass (92%) in both lakes]. The air and water temperature increased 0.5 °C, and lakes water level declined 1.5 m, all suggesting an outcome of climate change. Contrarily to the expected acidification associated with acid precipitation, both lakes deacidified, and the annual pH fluctuation augmented. The causes of the deacidification and the deleterious impacts on the BMI communities remained to be identified.

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