scholarly journals Jeu pathologique et troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances : effets de l’incidence à un jeune âge et de la personnalité

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-110
Author(s):  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Salomé Tárrega ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Marie Grall-Bronnec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Statistiquement Significatives ◽  
Consommation De Substances ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectifs : Comparer la consommation de substances, les comportements de jeu et les traits de personnalité de deux groupes d’individus ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (patients jeunes et adultes) ; explorer l’apport du sexe, de l’âge et des traits de personnalités sur la consommation de substances et évaluer la capacité de prédire la consommation de substances à partir de l’âge et des traits de personnalité. Méthodes : L’échantillon était formé de 428 patients ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP), divisés en deux groupes selon l’âge (55 jeunes patients [âge ≤ 25 ans] et 373 patients d’âge moyen à avancé [âge > 25 ans]). Tous les patients ont été admis dans un département de psychiatrie et diagnostiqués selon les critères du DSM-IV. En outre, d’autres évaluations cliniques, dont le Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling en vertu des critères du DSM-IV, le South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) et le Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), ont été utilisées pour examiner les comportements de jeu, la consommation de substances et la personnalité. Résultats : À la comparaison des deux groupes d’âge, nous avons observé des différences statistiquement significatives pour plusieurs variables sociodémographiques. En outre, les plus jeunes patients ayant un TJP présentaient un taux plus élevé de consommation de substances (p = 0,010). Pour ce qui est des traits de personnalité, des différences ont été remarquées seulement à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) où les patients plus jeunes obtenaient des cotes élevées (p = 0,006). Des cotes plus élevées (p =0,022) à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) et plus basses (p = 0,028) à l’échelle d’auto-transcendance représentaient des traits de personnalité ayant une interrelation significative avec la consommation de tabac (p = 0,003). Toutefois, seul l’âge était associé à la consommation d’autres substances (p =0,003). Conclusions : Les résultats confirment que le trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP) est souvent concomitant avec la consommation de substances. L’interrelation du TJP et de la consommation de tabac, d’alcool et d’autres substances entraîne une gamme d’implications cliniques et liées à la personnalité, particulièrement chez les populations jeunes. Puisque plusieurs études ont démontré que le taux de TJP est plus élevé chez les jeunes, le début précoce du trouble est souvent lié à une gravité accrue et à une persistance des problèmes de jeu. En outre, la présence d’un double diagnostic (consommation de substances) pourrait compliquer la réponse aux traitements. Pour cette raison, l’étude des populations jeunes est d’un intérêt particulier afin de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des programmes de traitement qui abordent tous les problèmes liés aux profils cliniques de ce groupe d’âge.

Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Lee ◽  
R.-H. Kang ◽  
J.-W. Paik ◽  
Y.-H. Ko ◽  
M.-S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Bupropion is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor and also a potent noncompetitive ion channel site antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Bupropion is indicated for use in combination with behavioral modification programs for smoking cessation. There have been a few studies about the effect of bupropion on smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed investigated the change of the symptomatology after smoking cessation with bupropion in the patients with schizophrenia.There were fifty-six patients with smoking in the psychiatric ward of Hapcheon Korea Hospital. among them, thirty-nine inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were recruited. for 4 weeks, treatment team persuaded the patients to enter the program of smoking cessation. with the exception, if the patients did not agree the program, the patients were able to be transferred to another ward that smoking was permitted. All patients agreed to the program. Postive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 12 weeks of Bupropion treatment.At 12 weeks after successful smoking cessation with bupropion, FTND scores were significantly decreased after smoking cessation. the scores of STAI and PANSS were not significantly changed. the subcale of TCI, Novelty Seeking showed decreasing tendency after smoking cessation, although there was no statistical significance(p=0.054).These results suggest that bupropion is an effective antidepressant on smoking cessation and does not aggravate the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further investigation with larger number of subjects is needed.

scholarly journals Adult Separation Anxiety and TCI-R Personality Dimensions in Patients with Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Gambling: A Preliminary Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Pozzi ◽  
Angelo Bruschi ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Marco Pascucci ◽  
Daniele Stavros Hatzigiakoumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background. Nowadays, adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is an established diagnostic category but is little investigated in subjects with addictive behaviours.Objective. To assess the presence of ASAD among patients with addictive disorders in comparison with anxiety patients and measure the personality correlates in all these groups.Methods. 103 outpatients, meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for anxiety disorders (38 patients), alcohol dependence (30 patients), or pathological gambling (35 patients), were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) and the Adult Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA-27) for separation anxiety and by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) for personality characteristics.Results. ASAD is detected in 34.2% of anxiety patients, 13.3% of alcoholics, and 11.4% of gamblers. Separation anxiety scores correlate positively with harm avoidance and negatively with self-directedness in all groups; further correlations are seen among addictive patients only, that is, self-transcendence for gamblers and cooperativeness for both alcoholics and gamblers.Conclusions. The prevalence of ASAD is lower among addictive patients than in those with anxiety disorders; correlations are found between separation anxiety and specific TCI-R dimensions, with some matching across the three diagnostic groups.

Differences in Personality Traits Evaluated by TCI According to Physical Illness

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Al-Halabí ◽  
R. Herrero ◽  
E.M. Díaz-Mesa ◽  
M.T. Bascarán ◽  
M. Bousoño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Psychiatric Population

Aim:To identify differences in personality traits (temperament and character) using Cloninger's typology according to the presence of physical illness (WONCA criteria).Method:404 subjects, without psychiatric pathology, from Asturias (Northern Spain) were included in the study [50% men; mean age (SD)= 40.5 (11.3)]. Assessments were made using an ad hoc interview (socio-demographic and clinical data), and the Spanish versions of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM-IV criteria) (Sheehan et al., 1997), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) (Cloninger et al., 1994).Results:154 (38.1%) subjects have at least one diagnosis of physical illness. Subjects with physical illness scored significantly higher in: i) temperament scales: harm avoindance (HA) (17.02 vs 15.76, t= -1.968; p= 0.050); fatigability and asthenia (HA4) (3.56 vs 2.82, t= -3.652; p< 0.000), ii) character scales: transpersonal (ST2) (3.91 vs 3.26, t= -2.900; p= 0.004). However, they scored significantly lower in: i) temperament scales: attachment (RD3) (5.18 vs 5.70, t= 2.346; p= 0.019), ii) character scales: responsibility (SD1) (5.57 vs 5.96, t= 1.984; p=0.048); purposeful (SD2) (5.43 vs 5.84, t= 2.092; p= 0.037); cooperativeness (C) (31.52 vs 33.26, t= 3.166; p< 0.000); social acceptance (C1) (6.50 vs 6.89, t= 2.536; p= 0.012); empathy (C2) (4.81 vs 5.18, t= 2.484; p= 0.013); compassion (C4) (7.44 vs 7.94, t= 2.190; p= 0.019); pure-hearted (C5) (6.55 vs 7.06, t= 3.225; p= 0.001). No other significant differences were found between the groups.Conclusions:Our data suggest that physical illness might influence personality traits in non-psychiatric population.

An overview of prevalence surveys of problem and pathological gambling in the Nordic countries

2006 ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Gambling Problems ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

Estimates of the prevalence of gambling problems among adults by sampling from whole population registries have been made in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. The studies in Norway and Sweden are fairly similar, showing a higher prevalence in Sweden according to the South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised (SOGS-R), and similar prevalence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV) screens. The difference is unexpected because Norway has relatively more gambling machines and Norwegian citizens spend more money on gambling. However, the low response rates in Norway may explain the result. Preliminary results from Iceland (2005) with a DSM-IV screen do not differ from those from Norway and Sweden concerning prevalences of pathological gambling, but differ from Norway concerning problem gamblers. However, different DSM-IV screens were used in the three countries, and response rates differed. With these reservations, the past-year prevalence of pathological gambling in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden is about 0.3%, as estimated from DSM-IV screens. Studies of gambling problems among young people have only been performed in Norway.

Personality traits as an endophenotype in genetic studies on suicidality in bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pawlak ◽  
M. Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
M. Maciukiewicz ◽  
P. Kapelski ◽  
P. Czerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetically Determined

IntroductionThe influence of personality traits on suicidal behaviour risk has been well documented. Personality traits and suicidal behaviour are partially genetically determined and personality has been described as an endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits with suicidal behaviour and selected serotonergic gene polymorphisms.MethodsIn the study we included 156 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BP) and 93 healthy controls. The personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped two selected polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (rs1800532 218A>C and rs1799913 779A>C) and polymorphism in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) related to serotoninergic neurotransmission. Multiple poisson regression, logistic regression and Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied.ResultsWe found numerous differences between the BP patients and the control group in terms of their TCI dimensions/subdimensions. Significant differences were found between patients with, and without, suicidal attempts in fatigability and asthenia (Ha4), as well as in harm avoidance (Ha). We also found that the interactions between TCI subdimensions (the interaction of disordiness (Ns4) and spiritual acceptance (St3), disordiness (Ns4) and integrated conscience (C5), extravagance (Ns3) and resourcefulness (Sd3)) were significantly contributing for suicidal behaviour risk. We found association between all studied genetic polymorphisms and several TCI dimensions and subdimensions.ConclusionOur results confirm that personality traits are partially determined by genes. Both personality traits and the interactions between temperament and character traits, may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour.

Impulsivity in pathological gambling

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1734-1734
Author(s):  
D. Marazziti ◽  
S. Baroni ◽  
M. Picchetti ◽  
M. Catena dell’Osso
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Serotoninergic System ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dsm Iv

IntroductionThe pathological gambling (PG) is an impulse control disorder with clinical features common to other psychiatric disorders such as addictions and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The pathophysiology of PG is still unclear, but it is hypothesized that it might include environmental factors coupled with a genetic vulnerability and dysfunctions of different neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, dopamine, glutamate and serotonin. The serotoninergic system seems to be primarily involved, as has been shown to regulate the impulsivity and aggression.AimsWith this study we aim to assess the impulsivity in 26 PG as compared with a matched group of healthy controls (HC).MethodsTwenty-six outpatients, with a diagnosis of PG according to DSM-IV criteria, and 26 HC were included in the study. The severity of symptoms was evaluated by the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and the impulsivity was assessed by Barratt Impulsivity Scale, version 11 (BIS-11).ResultsThe results showed that the PG patients had a higher BIS-11 total score, as compared with HC, and higher scores of two factors of the same scale: the motor and attentional impulsivity. Even the motor and non-planning impulsivity subscales scores were higher in patients than in HC.ConclusionsThese results suggest that PG patients are more impulsive than control subjects. This feature could lead to a loss of control typical of PG.

Temperament and Character Inventory in Homicidal, Nonaddicted Paranoid Schizophrenic Patients: A Preliminary Study

2004 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. Vandamme ◽  
Jean-Louis Nandrino
Keyword(s):  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenic ◽  
Self Transcendence

This study assessed the personalities of 13 murderer schizophrenics using Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory, controlling different factors such as institution, treatment, detention or loss of liberty, and can discriminate between schizophrenic patients involved in homicide, schizophrenics with no past violent behavior, paranoiac murderers, and imprisoned murderers with no psychiatric history. Results show significantly that murderer schizophrenics had significantly higher scores on the subscale, Self-transcendence, than other groups, which suggests that Self-transcendence as measured may be an aggravating factor for schizophrenia and may be found in the personality of schizophrenic subjects who performed homicidal acts. This dimension constitutes a way and an additional element for diagnosis not available with the DSM–IV criteria. It may help understanding and predicting violent behavior among schizophrenic patients.

Temperament and Character Inventory

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Cloninger ◽  
T. Przybeck ◽  
D. M. Svrakic ◽  
R. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory

Junior Temperament and Character Inventory

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan L. Luby ◽  
Dragan M. Svrakic ◽  
Kimberli McCallum ◽  
Thomas R. Przybeck ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger
Keyword(s):  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory
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