Personality traits as an endophenotype in genetic studies on suicidality in bipolar disorder

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pawlak ◽  
M. Dmitrzak-Węglarz ◽  
M. Maciukiewicz ◽  
P. Kapelski ◽  
P. Czerski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Tryptophan Hydroxylase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetically Determined

IntroductionThe influence of personality traits on suicidal behaviour risk has been well documented. Personality traits and suicidal behaviour are partially genetically determined and personality has been described as an endophenotype of suicidal behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between personality traits with suicidal behaviour and selected serotonergic gene polymorphisms.MethodsIn the study we included 156 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder (BP) and 93 healthy controls. The personality dimensions were assessed using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). We genotyped two selected polymorphisms of the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) gene (rs1800532 218A>C and rs1799913 779A>C) and polymorphism in the promoter region of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR, rs25531) related to serotoninergic neurotransmission. Multiple poisson regression, logistic regression and Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied.ResultsWe found numerous differences between the BP patients and the control group in terms of their TCI dimensions/subdimensions. Significant differences were found between patients with, and without, suicidal attempts in fatigability and asthenia (Ha4), as well as in harm avoidance (Ha). We also found that the interactions between TCI subdimensions (the interaction of disordiness (Ns4) and spiritual acceptance (St3), disordiness (Ns4) and integrated conscience (C5), extravagance (Ns3) and resourcefulness (Sd3)) were significantly contributing for suicidal behaviour risk. We found association between all studied genetic polymorphisms and several TCI dimensions and subdimensions.ConclusionOur results confirm that personality traits are partially determined by genes. Both personality traits and the interactions between temperament and character traits, may be helpful in predicting suicidal behaviour.

Differences in Personality Traits Evaluated by TCI According to Physical Illness

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
S. Al-Halabí ◽  
R. Herrero ◽  
E.M. Díaz-Mesa ◽  
M.T. Bascarán ◽  
M. Bousoño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Physical Illness ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Psychiatric Population

Aim:To identify differences in personality traits (temperament and character) using Cloninger's typology according to the presence of physical illness (WONCA criteria).Method:404 subjects, without psychiatric pathology, from Asturias (Northern Spain) were included in the study [50% men; mean age (SD)= 40.5 (11.3)]. Assessments were made using an ad hoc interview (socio-demographic and clinical data), and the Spanish versions of the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview (DSM-IV criteria) (Sheehan et al., 1997), and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) (Cloninger et al., 1994).Results:154 (38.1%) subjects have at least one diagnosis of physical illness. Subjects with physical illness scored significantly higher in: i) temperament scales: harm avoindance (HA) (17.02 vs 15.76, t= -1.968; p= 0.050); fatigability and asthenia (HA4) (3.56 vs 2.82, t= -3.652; p< 0.000), ii) character scales: transpersonal (ST2) (3.91 vs 3.26, t= -2.900; p= 0.004). However, they scored significantly lower in: i) temperament scales: attachment (RD3) (5.18 vs 5.70, t= 2.346; p= 0.019), ii) character scales: responsibility (SD1) (5.57 vs 5.96, t= 1.984; p=0.048); purposeful (SD2) (5.43 vs 5.84, t= 2.092; p= 0.037); cooperativeness (C) (31.52 vs 33.26, t= 3.166; p< 0.000); social acceptance (C1) (6.50 vs 6.89, t= 2.536; p= 0.012); empathy (C2) (4.81 vs 5.18, t= 2.484; p= 0.013); compassion (C4) (7.44 vs 7.94, t= 2.190; p= 0.019); pure-hearted (C5) (6.55 vs 7.06, t= 3.225; p= 0.001). No other significant differences were found between the groups.Conclusions:Our data suggest that physical illness might influence personality traits in non-psychiatric population.

scholarly journals Bipolar Disorder and the TCI: Higher Self-Transcendence in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Major Depression

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Harley ◽  
J. Elisabeth Wells ◽  
Christopher M. A. Frampton ◽  
Peter R. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mood State ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Self Transcendence

Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. One personality theory which demonstrates strong heritability is Cloninger's psychobiological model measured using the temperament and character inventory (TCI). 277 individuals who completed the TCI questionnaire as part of the South Island Bipolar Study were also interviewed to assess for lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. Four groups were compared, bipolar disorder (BP), type 1 and 2, MDD (major depressive disorder), and nonaffected relatives of a proband with BP. With correction for mood state, total harm avoidance (HA) was higher than unaffected in both MDD and BP groups, but the mood disorder groups did not differ from each other. However, BP1 individuals had higher self-transcendence (ST) than those with MDD and unaffected relatives. HA may reflect a trait marker of mood disorders whereas high ST may be specific to BP. As ST is heritable, genes that affect ST may be of relevance for vulnerability to BP.

scholarly journals Personality traits and treatment outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Corchs ◽  
Fábio Corregiari ◽  
Ygor Arzeno Ferrão ◽  
Tania Takakura ◽  
Maria Eugênia Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Poor Treatment

OBJECTIVE: Comorbidity with personality disorders in obsessive-compulsive patients has been widely reported. About 40% of obsessive-compulsive patients do not respond to first line treatments. Nevertheless, there are no direct comparisons of personality traits between treatment-responsive and non-responsive patients. This study investigates differences in personality traits based on Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory scores between two groups of obsessive-compulsive patients classified according to treatment outcome: responders and non-responders. METHOD: Forty-four responsive and forty-five non-responsive obsessive-compulsive patients were selected. Subjects were considered treatment-responsive (responder group) if, after having received treatment with any conventional therapy, they had presented at least a 40% decrease in the initial Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score, had rated "better" or "much better" on the Clinical Global Impressions scale; and had maintained improvement for at least one year. Non-responders were patients who did not achieve at least a 25% reduction in Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale scores and had less than minimal improvement on the Clinical Global Impressions scale after having received treatment with at least three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (including clomipramine), and at least 20 hours of cognitive behavioral therapy. Personality traits were assessed using Temperament and Character Inventory. RESULTS: Non-responders scored lower in self-directedness and showed a trend to score higher in persistence than responders did. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that personality traits, especially self-directedness, are associated with poor treatment response in obsessive-compulsive patients.

Bupropion for Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H.-Y. Lee ◽  
R.-H. Kang ◽  
J.-W. Paik ◽  
Y.-H. Ko ◽  
M.-S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Symptom Scale ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Bupropion is a catecholamine reuptake inhibitor and also a potent noncompetitive ion channel site antagonist at the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Bupropion is indicated for use in combination with behavioral modification programs for smoking cessation. There have been a few studies about the effect of bupropion on smoking cessation in schizophrenia. Therefore, we aimed investigated the change of the symptomatology after smoking cessation with bupropion in the patients with schizophrenia.There were fifty-six patients with smoking in the psychiatric ward of Hapcheon Korea Hospital. among them, thirty-nine inpatients meeting the DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were recruited. for 4 weeks, treatment team persuaded the patients to enter the program of smoking cessation. with the exception, if the patients did not agree the program, the patients were able to be transferred to another ward that smoking was permitted. All patients agreed to the program. Postive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), Temperament and Character Inventory(TCI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence(FTND) were evaluated at the beginning of the study and 12 weeks of Bupropion treatment.At 12 weeks after successful smoking cessation with bupropion, FTND scores were significantly decreased after smoking cessation. the scores of STAI and PANSS were not significantly changed. the subcale of TCI, Novelty Seeking showed decreasing tendency after smoking cessation, although there was no statistical significance(p=0.054).These results suggest that bupropion is an effective antidepressant on smoking cessation and does not aggravate the psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Further investigation with larger number of subjects is needed.

scholarly journals Adult Separation Anxiety and TCI-R Personality Dimensions in Patients with Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Gambling: A Preliminary Report

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gino Pozzi ◽  
Angelo Bruschi ◽  
Andrea De Angelis ◽  
Marco Pascucci ◽  
Daniele Stavros Hatzigiakoumis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Separation Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Addictive Disorders ◽  
Personality Correlates ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Self Transcendence

Background. Nowadays, adult separation anxiety disorder (ASAD) is an established diagnostic category but is little investigated in subjects with addictive behaviours.Objective. To assess the presence of ASAD among patients with addictive disorders in comparison with anxiety patients and measure the personality correlates in all these groups.Methods. 103 outpatients, meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for anxiety disorders (38 patients), alcohol dependence (30 patients), or pathological gambling (35 patients), were assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Separation Anxiety Symptoms (SCI-SAS) and the Adult Separation Anxiety Checklist (ASA-27) for separation anxiety and by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) for personality characteristics.Results. ASAD is detected in 34.2% of anxiety patients, 13.3% of alcoholics, and 11.4% of gamblers. Separation anxiety scores correlate positively with harm avoidance and negatively with self-directedness in all groups; further correlations are seen among addictive patients only, that is, self-transcendence for gamblers and cooperativeness for both alcoholics and gamblers.Conclusions. The prevalence of ASAD is lower among addictive patients than in those with anxiety disorders; correlations are found between separation anxiety and specific TCI-R dimensions, with some matching across the three diagnostic groups.

P01.104 Relation of suicidal behaviour, central serotonergic system and temperament and character inventory

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (S2) ◽  
pp. 347s-348s
Author(s):  
U. Itzlinger ◽  
A. Heiden ◽  
J. Scharfetter ◽  
C. Gebhardt ◽  
P. Schüssler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Serotonergic System ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Character Inventory

scholarly journals DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders and suicide and attempted suicide in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongsheng Tong ◽  
Michael R. Phillips ◽  
Kenneth R. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundThere are meagre data on Axis II personality disorders and suicidal behaviour in China.AimsTo describe the prevalence of Axis II personality disorders in suicides and suicide attempts in China and to estimate risk for these outcomes associated with personality disorders.MethodPeople who died by suicide (n = 151), people who attempted suicide (n = 118) and living community controls (n = 140) were randomly sampled from four Chinese counties and studied using the Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). We also determined the prevalence of subthreshold versions of ten DSM-IV personality disorders.ResultsAxis II personality disorders were present in 7% of the suicide group, 6% of the suicide attempt group and 1% of the control group. Threshold and subthreshold personality disorders had adjusted odds ratios (point estimates) in the range of 2.7–8.0 for suicide and for suicide attempts.ConclusionsAxis II personality disorders may confer increased risk for suicidal behaviour in China, but their low prevalence in the community and among people with suicidal behaviour suggests that other personality constructs such as select dimensional traits may be a more fruitful avenue for understanding and preventing suicide in China.

Familial Bipolar Disorder: Preliminary Results from the Otago Familial Bipolar Genetic Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza K. Edmonds ◽  
Barbara J. Mosley ◽  
Anita J. Admiraal ◽  
Robin J. Olds ◽  
Sarah E. Romans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
First Degree Relatives

Objective: This paper outlines the methodologies used, and preliminary descriptive data collected, on a cohort of familial bipolar disorder (BPD) probands and first-degree relatives taking part in a descriptive and genetic study into familial BPD in New Zealand. Method: Fifity-five bipolar probands and 67 first-degree relatives were interviewed using the modified Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS) and Family Interview for Genetic Studies (FIGS). Data was also collated from other sources. Blood samples were taken for DNA genomic analysis. Results: New Zealand families in which BPD segregates proved willing participants in this familial based genetic research. The methodologies used were acceptable. High rates of comorbidity were found in probands (27.3% met DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder/sub-threshold panic disorder; 12.7% for phobic disorder; 1.8% for obsessive-compulsive disorder; 9.1% for alcohol-related disorders and 7.3% for an eating disorder) and relatives (major depression 34.3%; panic disorder/sub-threshold panic disorder 12.0%; phobias 11.9% and alcohol-related disorders 11.9%). The polarity of index BPD illness was related to age of onset and frequency of comorbidity. Suicidal behaviour was common. Conclusions: Psychiatric genetic research in New Zealand families is highly feasible. Emerging trends in the familial transmission of BPD include high rates of comorbidity, illness patterns based on polarity of index episode and frequent suicidal behaviour. Such trends will be delineated further as numbers accrue, perhaps enabling identification of more homogenous phenotypic subgroups than currently produced by diagnostic schemes.

scholarly journals Jeu pathologique et troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances : effets de l’incidence à un jeune âge et de la personnalité

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-110
Author(s):  
Susana Jiménez-Murcia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Salomé Tárrega ◽  
Anne Sauvaget ◽  
Marie Grall-Bronnec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Pathological Gambling ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Statistiquement Significatives ◽  
Consommation De Substances ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Dsm Iv

Objectifs : Comparer la consommation de substances, les comportements de jeu et les traits de personnalité de deux groupes d’individus ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (patients jeunes et adultes) ; explorer l’apport du sexe, de l’âge et des traits de personnalités sur la consommation de substances et évaluer la capacité de prédire la consommation de substances à partir de l’âge et des traits de personnalité. Méthodes : L’échantillon était formé de 428 patients ayant un trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP), divisés en deux groupes selon l’âge (55 jeunes patients [âge ≤ 25 ans] et 373 patients d’âge moyen à avancé [âge > 25 ans]). Tous les patients ont été admis dans un département de psychiatrie et diagnostiqués selon les critères du DSM-IV. En outre, d’autres évaluations cliniques, dont le Diagnostic Questionnaire for Pathological Gambling en vertu des critères du DSM-IV, le South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) et le Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R), ont été utilisées pour examiner les comportements de jeu, la consommation de substances et la personnalité. Résultats : À la comparaison des deux groupes d’âge, nous avons observé des différences statistiquement significatives pour plusieurs variables sociodémographiques. En outre, les plus jeunes patients ayant un TJP présentaient un taux plus élevé de consommation de substances (p = 0,010). Pour ce qui est des traits de personnalité, des différences ont été remarquées seulement à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) où les patients plus jeunes obtenaient des cotes élevées (p = 0,006). Des cotes plus élevées (p =0,022) à l’échelle de recherche de nouveautés (RN) et plus basses (p = 0,028) à l’échelle d’auto-transcendance représentaient des traits de personnalité ayant une interrelation significative avec la consommation de tabac (p = 0,003). Toutefois, seul l’âge était associé à la consommation d’autres substances (p =0,003). Conclusions : Les résultats confirment que le trouble de jeu pathologique (TJP) est souvent concomitant avec la consommation de substances. L’interrelation du TJP et de la consommation de tabac, d’alcool et d’autres substances entraîne une gamme d’implications cliniques et liées à la personnalité, particulièrement chez les populations jeunes. Puisque plusieurs études ont démontré que le taux de TJP est plus élevé chez les jeunes, le début précoce du trouble est souvent lié à une gravité accrue et à une persistance des problèmes de jeu. En outre, la présence d’un double diagnostic (consommation de substances) pourrait compliquer la réponse aux traitements. Pour cette raison, l’étude des populations jeunes est d’un intérêt particulier afin de concevoir et de mettre en oeuvre des programmes de traitement qui abordent tous les problèmes liés aux profils cliniques de ce groupe d’âge.

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