scholarly journals The Senate Reference: Constitutional Change and Democracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-761
Author(s):  
Yasmin Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The Senate Reference is ultimately a decision about how democratic decision making ought to be conducted when the role and function of fundamental democratic institutions are themselves at stake. This case stands for the idea that unilateral decision making by Parliament is not permitted even if from a substantive standpoint the government’s proposals are “more democratic” than the status quo. Consultative elections and senatorial term limits, for example, would arguably make the Senate a more representative and accountable body. Yet the Court held that such changes are subject to the Constitution’s general amending formula, which means that Parliament cannot implement these changes on its own. This article suggests that the Court’s interpretation of the amending procedures is based upon a deeper democratic commitment to ensuring dialogue and deliberation between and among the relevant stakeholders. The Court’s approach has benefits and drawbacks. By setting itself up as the exclusive arbiter of the Constitution’s “internal architecture” and the primary decision-maker as to what constitutes an institution’s “fundamental role and nature”, the Court has enhanced its own authority over the evolution of the constitutional order while significantly narrowing the possibilities for constitutional change. While the Court’s approach has the undeniable effect of making large-scale institutional reform difficult (if not impossible), the alternative is arguably worse. If it were possible for the government to unilaterally reform democratic institutions, then it could unilaterally reform them in an anti-democratic direction as well.

scholarly journals Optimizing the Clerics (Religious Scholars) Role in Actualizing Good Governance Concept

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
M Muhammadong ◽  
St Habibah ◽  
Dalilul Falihin ◽  
Muhammad Adnan Hudain
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
City Development ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Descriptive Method

The purpose of this research is to describe the role of the clerics to actualize good governance concept in the development of Makassar City. Therefore, clerics are not merely issuing “fatwas” (religious advises) for the sake of society, but also, clerics can also play a role in development process. The method applied in this research is a descriptive method. While the approach applied is a qualitative method because the issues that are studied are phenomenological. The results show that the role of clerics is optimal in actualizing good governance concept in Makassar City development process. The role and function of the clerics can be represented as a community counselor in line with the government's role as servant and protector of society. Moreover, the policy taken by the government has been supported by all the clerics in actualizing development programs for the mutual good of the societies. In making strategic decisions, clerics sometimes contribute and suggestions to the government to improve social support of that decision

scholarly journals The Spread of COVID-19 in Nigeria: The Influence of Transportation and Economic Zones

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Nathaniel O. Ajayi ◽  
Richard O. Awonusika ◽  
Adeniyi S. Ale ◽  
Ayooluwade Ebiwonjumi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Spatial Spread ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Economic Zones

The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) now known as Covid-19 was first detected in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease rapidly spread to other cities in China and to other parts of the world. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution which the economic zones and movement of people into the country and from city to city and State to State within the country have on the spread of the disease in Nigeria. Data of the daily update of Covid-19 occurrence in Nigeria as given by the NCDC Covid-19 Situation report were assembled. The data of the first index in each State between February 27 and March 28, 2020 with the status of whether they were from foreign travel or from within the community was compiled. The results show that economic zones and human movement contribute to the early spread of the disease. The initial spatial spread in Nigeria was observed to follow closely behind the test laboratory distribution pattern. This may suggest that samples from the locations far from the laboratories were not obtained, hence the suggestion for early aggressive country-wide-large scale testing to cover almost everyone should be started very early before the spread is everywhere. The test labs should cover the whole country with the tests made free and mandatory to encourage and force people to come out for it and the restriction protocols should strictly be adhered to. The boarders of the country should be closed early to stop further import of the disease from the high risk countries. When the airports are later re-opened, they should not be to the high-risk countries of the disease. There is also a need for a national policy on responding to and managing any future public health crisis such as Covid-19 pandemic before its occurrence. This policy will help the government to know what to start doing quickly when there is any occurrence. Government should also look inward to mobilize the scientists inside the country by providing research grants purposely to combat the pandemic. Such grants will enable our scientists to make their contribution in addition to the ones made by the scientists outside the country.

Sarajevo and the Sarajevo Sephardim

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-910
Author(s):  
Jonna Rock
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Jewish Identification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Shed Light

This article highlights issues pertaining to the Sephardim ([-im] is the masculine plural Hebrew ending and Sepharad is the Hebrew name for Spain. Sephardim thus literally means the Jews of Spain) in Sarajevo from the time of their arrival in the Ottoman Empire in the late fifteenth century until the present day. I describe the status quo for the Sephardi minority in post-Ottoman Sarajevo, in the first and second Yugoslavia, and in today's post-Communist Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objective is to shed light on how historic preconditions have influenced identity formation as it expresses itself from a Sephardic perspective. The aim is moreover to generate knowledge of the circumstances that affected how Sephardim came to understand themselves in terms of their Jewish identification. I present empirical findings from my semi-structured interviews with Sarajevo Sephardim of different generations (2015 and 2016). I argue that while none of the interlocutors conceive of Jewish identification as divergent from halachic interpretations of matrilineal descent, they moreover propose other conceptions of what it means to be Jewish, such as celebrating Shabbat and other Jewish holidays, and other patterns of socialization. At the same time, these individuals also assert alternative forms of being Bosnian, one that includes multiple ethnicities, and multiple religious ascriptions. This study elucidates a little-explored history and sheds light on the ways in which historical conditions have shaped contemporary, layered framings of identification among Sarajevo's current Jewish population. This article is relevant for those interested in contemporary Sephardic Bosnian culture and in the role and function of ideology in creating conditions for identity formation and transformation.

Women at Leadership Positions in Bangladesh Civil Service

2021 ◽  
pp. 2031-2041
Author(s):  
Fardaus Ara
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Women In Leadership ◽  
Leadership Position ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Gender Parity ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
Status Of Women

This paper discusses the status of women in leadership position in the Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) following content analysis. This study argues that although the number of women in the class I position in the civil service has increased, their position in terms of power and influence on decision-making is still insignificant. In particular, the number of women in the leadership position in the civil service does not reflect gender parity that the government of Bangladesh is committed to achieve.

scholarly journals Fine-Mapping of the Human Blood Plasma N-Glycome onto Its Proteome

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Suhre ◽  
Irena Trbojević-Akmačić ◽  
Ivo Ugrina ◽  
Dennis Mook-Kanamori ◽  
Tim Spector ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Human Blood Plasma ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Human Proteins ◽  
Comprehensive Determination ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Role And Function

Most human proteins are glycosylated. Attachment of complex oligosaccharides to the polypeptide part of these proteins is an integral part of their structure and function and plays a central role in many complex disorders. One approach towards deciphering this human glycan code is to study natural variation in experimentally well characterized samples and cohorts. High-throughput capable large-scale methods that allow for the comprehensive determination of blood circulating proteins and their glycans have been recently developed, but so far, no study has investigated the link between both traits. Here we map for the first time the blood plasma proteome to its matching N-glycome by correlating the levels of 1116 blood circulating proteins with 113 N-glycan traits, determined in 344 samples from individuals of Arab, South-Asian, and Filipino descent, and then replicate our findings in 46 subjects of European ancestry. We report protein-specific N-glycosylation patterns, including a correlation of core fucosylated structures with immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels, and of trisialylated, trigalactosylated, and triantennary structures with heparin cofactor 2 (SERPIND2). Our study reveals a detailed picture of protein N-glycosylation and suggests new avenues for the investigation of its role and function in the associated complex disorders.

scholarly journals Spatial Plan of Wisma Athletes as A Defense in The Era of The Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Diva Miftachul Rahma ◽  
Firauz Ihsan F
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Emergency Hospital ◽  
Related Part ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spatial Plan

In this era of the COVID-19 pandemic, there are many things that need to be watched out for and also need to be prepared. The role of the government as one of the leaders of a country needs to have a plan to overcome these problems. One of the efforts made by the government is to create a Covid-19 emergency hospital by converting the Kemayoran and Pademangan  Wisma Athletes. The selection of this athlete's home is considered to be able to accommodate patients affected by COVID-19. But not only that, every room in this emergency hospital is a shield for every patient. Each room in the athlete's house has its own role and function, not least as a means of defense for every patient, to support this, the use of descriptive and narrative analysis is to explain how the architectural layout in the athlete's house and also use narrative analysis techniques to focus on an idea that can be developed into a related part. From the results of this analysis, it is also expected to get results to provide new knowledge, about how patients in the athlete's house become a means of defense for themselves.  

scholarly journals The Role and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xuyang Gao ◽  
Yue Zhong ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Runmin Ding ◽  
Jinling Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) during the pregnant period and its potentially miserable outcomes for the fetus, newborn, and even adult offspring continuously occur worldwide. People acquire infection through the consumption of infected and undercooked meat or contaminated food or water. T. gondii infection in pregnant women primarily during the gestation causes microcephaly, mental and psychomotor retardation, or death. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes are mainly associated with regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction. Tregs, a special subpopulation of T cells, function as a vital regulator in maintaining immune homeostasis. Tregs exert a critical effect on forming and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance and promoting fetal development during the pregnancy period. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a significant functional factor of Tregs, determines the status of Tregs. In this review, we summarize the effects of T. gondii infection on host Tregs and its critical transcriptional factor, Foxp3.

scholarly journals Pembinaan dan Penyuluhan terhadap Kader tentang Pengelolaan Posyandu Di Posyandu Cempaka Putih Desa Kolot Kelurahan Linggasari Kecamatan Ciamis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Lusi Lestari ◽  
Lia Purwaningsih ◽  
Rike Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Come ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

IHC is one form of community-sourced health efforts (UKBM) managed from, by, for and with the community, to empower the community and provide facilities for the community to obtain basic health services. Efforts to improve the role and function of IHC are not merely the responsibility of the government, but all components in the community, including cadres. The role of cadres in the implementation of IHC is very large because in addition to being a provider of health information to the community to come to the IHC and carry out clean and healthy life behaviors. Linggasari is one of the villages in Ciamis Sub-District, Ciamis Regency, which has good potential about the existence of IHC. The number of IHC in Linggasari Village are 8 units. Cempaka Putih is one of the IHC in Linggasari Village. The IHC is still in progress, which requires assistance. Based on the situation, it is necessary to have assistance for the development of it by conducting community service, namely through fostering and counseling cadres on the management of IHC that is carried out from November 27, 2017 to January 03, 2018.

scholarly journals Limits in Times of Crisis: on Limitations of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the Slovenian Constitutional Order

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-31
Author(s):  
Samo Bardutzky
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Freedom Of Movement ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this article is to discuss the issue of limitations of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the 1991 Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. The discussion is set in the context of a large-scale health crisis, i. e. the SARS-CoV-2 (the virus) and COVID-19 (the disease) epidemic. The article first describes the position of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the Slovenian constitutional order, and discusses the possibilities to limit human rights and fundamental freedoms. In this section, the article introduces the concept of ‘limitations on limitations’ (similar to the German Schranken-Schranken) and presents the requirements of such limitations in Slovenian constitutional law. It then turns to the mechanism of temporary suspension and restriction of human rights and fundamental freedoms during a war or state of emergency as foreseen in Article 16 of the Constitution. In the third part, the article discusses the limitations of human rights and fundamental freedoms enacted brought forward by the government measures intended to tackle the epidemic, i.e. the concrete substatutory norms passed between March and October 2020. This article presents selected issues and affected human rights such as freedom of movement, personal liberty, right to health, and freedom of assembly. The final part of the article discusses the concept of ‘limitations on limitations’ that has demonstrated its relevance for the protection of a meaningful level of human rights in the period of the epidemiological crisis.

scholarly journals Prospek Madrasah Swasta “Analisis Peran dan Fungsi Yayasan Pendidikan”

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Imran Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Administrative Guidance ◽  
Institutional Management ◽  
Control Functions ◽  
Institutional Organization ◽  
Education Personnel ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

AbstractThis paper is based on research results that describe the role and function of foundations in fostering madrasas. His findings indicate that the weakening of the role and function of foundations in fostering madrasas, especially in their control functions, results in the existence of madrasas that are unable to compete with educational institutions at the same level as their surroundings. The transfer of control functions by the foundation to a madrasah head indicates that the management process has not been fully developed as a collaborative process between the foundation, the head, and the madrasah committee. The government itself has only played a role at the level of administrative guidance for madrasah institutions and has not yet touched on the aspect of foundations as the owner of madrasah institutions. Therefore, steps are needed to increase the role of foundations in fostering madrasas through strengthening institutional management, strengthening human resources for teaching and education personnel as well as adequate infrastructure to drive the pace of madrasah institutional organization. Supported and strengthened by refreshing mutual agreement in carrying out the vision and mission of madrasah management to achieve shared goals. The knot point, among others, lies in the leadership of the foundation and the head of the madrasa which is strengthened by empowerment support by the government.AbstrakTulisan ini bersumber dari hasil penelitian yang menggambarkan peran dan fungsi yayasan dalam membina madrasah. Temuannya menunjukkan bahwa dengan melemahnya peran dan fungsi yayasan dalam membina madrasah, khususnya pada fungsi pengendalian, berakibat pada eksistensi madrasah yang tidak mampu berkompetisi dengan lembaga pendidikan setingkat di sekitarnya. Penyerahan fungsi pengendalian oleh yayasan pada seorang kepala madrasah, mengindikasikan bahwa proses manajemen belum sepenuhnya dibangun sebagai suatu proses kerjasama antara yayasan, kepala dan komite madrasah. Pihak pemerintah sendiri baru berperan pada tataran pembinaan administratif kelembagaan madrasah dan belum menyentuh pada aspek yayasan sebagai pemilik kelembagaan madrasah. Oleh karena itu diperlukan langkah peningkatan peran yayasan dalam membina madrasah melalui penguatan manajemen kelembagaan, penguatan SDM tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan serta sarana prasarana yang memadai untuk menggerakkan lajunya organisasi kelembagaan madrasah. Didukung dan diperkuat dengan penyegaran kembali kesepakatan bersama dalam mengemban visi misi pengelolaan madrasah untuk mencapai tujuan bersama yang dinginkan. Titik simpulnya antara lain ada pada kepemimpinan yayasan dan kepala madrasah yang diperkuat dengan dukungan pemberdayaan oleh pemerintah.

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