scholarly journals The Role and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xuyang Gao ◽  
Yue Zhong ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
Runmin Ding ◽  
Jinling Chen
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
The Status ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) during the pregnant period and its potentially miserable outcomes for the fetus, newborn, and even adult offspring continuously occur worldwide. People acquire infection through the consumption of infected and undercooked meat or contaminated food or water. T. gondii infection in pregnant women primarily during the gestation causes microcephaly, mental and psychomotor retardation, or death. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes are mainly associated with regulatory T cell (Treg) dysfunction. Tregs, a special subpopulation of T cells, function as a vital regulator in maintaining immune homeostasis. Tregs exert a critical effect on forming and maintaining maternal-fetal tolerance and promoting fetal development during the pregnancy period. Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), a significant functional factor of Tregs, determines the status of Tregs. In this review, we summarize the effects of T. gondii infection on host Tregs and its critical transcriptional factor, Foxp3.

Sarajevo and the Sarajevo Sephardim

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 892-910
Author(s):  
Jonna Rock
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Jewish Identification ◽  
The Status ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function ◽  
Shed Light

This article highlights issues pertaining to the Sephardim ([-im] is the masculine plural Hebrew ending and Sepharad is the Hebrew name for Spain. Sephardim thus literally means the Jews of Spain) in Sarajevo from the time of their arrival in the Ottoman Empire in the late fifteenth century until the present day. I describe the status quo for the Sephardi minority in post-Ottoman Sarajevo, in the first and second Yugoslavia, and in today's post-Communist Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The objective is to shed light on how historic preconditions have influenced identity formation as it expresses itself from a Sephardic perspective. The aim is moreover to generate knowledge of the circumstances that affected how Sephardim came to understand themselves in terms of their Jewish identification. I present empirical findings from my semi-structured interviews with Sarajevo Sephardim of different generations (2015 and 2016). I argue that while none of the interlocutors conceive of Jewish identification as divergent from halachic interpretations of matrilineal descent, they moreover propose other conceptions of what it means to be Jewish, such as celebrating Shabbat and other Jewish holidays, and other patterns of socialization. At the same time, these individuals also assert alternative forms of being Bosnian, one that includes multiple ethnicities, and multiple religious ascriptions. This study elucidates a little-explored history and sheds light on the ways in which historical conditions have shaped contemporary, layered framings of identification among Sarajevo's current Jewish population. This article is relevant for those interested in contemporary Sephardic Bosnian culture and in the role and function of ideology in creating conditions for identity formation and transformation.

scholarly journals The cellular immune system in myelomagenesis: NK cells and T cells in the development of MM and their uses in immunotherapies

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e306-e306 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Dosani ◽  
M Carlsten ◽  
I Maric ◽  
O Landgren
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Functional Profiles ◽  
Killer T Cells

Abstract As vast strides are being made in the management and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), recent interests are increasingly focusing on understanding the development of the disease. The knowledge that MM develops exclusively from a protracted phase of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance provides an opportunity to study tumor evolution in this process. Although the immune system has been implicated in the development of MM, the scientific literature on the role and status of various immune components in this process is broad and sometimes contradictory. Accordingly, we present a review of cellular immune subsets in myelomagenesis. We summarize the current literature on the quantitative and functional profiles of natural killer cells and T-cells, including conventional T-cells, natural killer T-cells, γδ T-cells and regulatory T-cells, in myelomagenesis. Our goal is to provide an overview of the status and function of these immune cells in both the peripheral blood and the bone marrow during myelomagenesis. This provides a better understanding of the nature of the immune system in tumor evolution, the knowledge of which is especially significant considering that immunotherapies are increasingly being explored in the treatment of both MM and its precursor conditions.

scholarly journals A Meta Analysis on Risks of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in Toxoplasma gondii Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Lan Li ◽  
Hai-Xia Wei ◽  
Hao Zhang ◽  
Hong-Juan Peng ◽  
David S. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

scholarly journals The Senate Reference: Constitutional Change and Democracy

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 737-761
Author(s):  
Yasmin Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Constitutional Order ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

The Senate Reference is ultimately a decision about how democratic decision making ought to be conducted when the role and function of fundamental democratic institutions are themselves at stake. This case stands for the idea that unilateral decision making by Parliament is not permitted even if from a substantive standpoint the government’s proposals are “more democratic” than the status quo. Consultative elections and senatorial term limits, for example, would arguably make the Senate a more representative and accountable body. Yet the Court held that such changes are subject to the Constitution’s general amending formula, which means that Parliament cannot implement these changes on its own. This article suggests that the Court’s interpretation of the amending procedures is based upon a deeper democratic commitment to ensuring dialogue and deliberation between and among the relevant stakeholders. The Court’s approach has benefits and drawbacks. By setting itself up as the exclusive arbiter of the Constitution’s “internal architecture” and the primary decision-maker as to what constitutes an institution’s “fundamental role and nature”, the Court has enhanced its own authority over the evolution of the constitutional order while significantly narrowing the possibilities for constitutional change. While the Court’s approach has the undeniable effect of making large-scale institutional reform difficult (if not impossible), the alternative is arguably worse. If it were possible for the government to unilaterally reform democratic institutions, then it could unilaterally reform them in an anti-democratic direction as well.

933 INTERLEUKIN-23 RECEPTOR SIGNALING MODULATES THE STABILITY AND FUNCTION OF FORKHEAD BOX P3 POSITIVE REGULATORY T CELLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-186-S-187
Author(s):  
Justin Jacobse ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Rajeev K. Tyagi ◽  
Edmond H.H.M. Rings ◽  
Janneke N. Samsom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Forkhead Box P3 ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Interleukin 23 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Function

Peran Sekretaris Desa Setelah Pengangkatan Menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Behaviors ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Village ◽  
Role And Function

This study aims to identify and report the effectiveness of the role and function of the Village secretary after his appointment as a Civil Servant. This research is a descriptive qualitative research that generates data in the form of written or spoken words from observable events and behaviors. The technique of obtaining data through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that of the 47 Gampong (a village in the Aceh province called Gampong) in Tanah Jambo Aye sub-district, North Aceh, only 16 Gampong have village secretaries with the status of Civil Servants. The inference of the study is that the roles and functions of the Gampong secretary after his appointment as Civil Servants in 16 Gampong in Tanah Jambo Aye District have been carried out according to their respective abilities, even though the implementation of their main duties and functions has not been realized effectively. It is recommended that the Gampong Secretary who has been appointed as a Civil Servant can carry out his main duties and functions professionally by having competence in the administrative field.

scholarly journals Keberadaan Niniak Mamak dalam pertunjukan Ulu Ambek di Korong Pucuang Anam Nagari Tandikek (kajian status, peran dan fungsi)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Windu Okri Harsih ◽  
Elida Elida
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Function ◽  
Role And Function

This article aims to reveal and explain the status, role and function of Niniak Mamak in Ulu Ambek Performing arts in Sungai Pucuang Anam Kanagarian Tandikek. This research uses a qualitative approach that is descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques are conducted by observation/observation, literature study, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques are conducted with data reduction measures, data presentation and taking conclusions (verification). The results of the research found was that the status of Niniak Mamak was as owner, controller, manager, supervisor, and policy makers from the performances and artistic culture of Ulu Ambek. While the function of Niniak Mamak is as a policy maker and as a planner and as a controller of the show Ulu Ambek.

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