scholarly journals “We All Used to Meet at the Hall”: Assessing the Significance of the Universal Negro Improvement Association in Toronto, 1900–1950

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-175
Author(s):  
Carla Marano
Keyword(s):  
African Diaspora ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Local History ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Universal Negro Improvement Association ◽  
Cultural Ideals ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
The City ◽  
Garvey Movement

This article discusses the unique factors that led the UNIA in Toronto to become a central fixture in the city’s black community and to the Garvey movement as a whole. Beginning in 1919, the Toronto Division served as a secular outlet for blacks in the city to express their concerns over racism, politics, employment, and the community. Using interviews, newspapers, and official UNIA records, this article explains how meaningful this organization was to the growth, security, and well-being of Toronto’s black community. Although this study delves into local history, it is also concerned with transnational relations – primarily, Toronto’s place within the African diaspora. The Toronto Division forged relationships with members around the world while taking part in various UNIA activities that transcended provincial and national boundaries. This article, then, assesses the significance of cross-division cooperation and Toronto’s role in the survival of the Garvey movement in Canada and abroad. Since most members of the UNIA in Toronto were Caribbean immigrants, this essay explores the UNIA’s compatibility with West Indian political and cultural ideals. In this way, this research sets Toronto’s black communities firmly within the African diaspora.

scholarly journals LA DISCRIMINACIÓN RACIAL A LAS COMUNIDADES NEGRAS: ANÁLISIS DESDE EL DIARIO EL UNIVERSAL DE CARTAGENA, COLOMBIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120
Author(s):  
Jesús Natividad Pérez Palomino ◽  
Neidy Gutiérrez Soza
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
The City

Este artículo abordó las noticias relacionadas con las comunidades negras, principalmente referidas a la discriminación racial y racismo en la sección “Cartagena”, cronológicamente dos años (2012 y 2013). La sección “Cartagena”, la segunda en importancia en el diario El Universal, donde se recogen las principales problemáticas de la ciudad.Este análisis del discurso de los textos escritos, se ha basado en la realidad de las comunidades negras y cómo asumen el abordaje de estas noticias, principalmente la discriminación racial. Además de la concepción que tienen los periodistas, igualmente los líderes y lideresas de la comunidad.Entre los resultados se identificó que los periodistas del diario El Universal, tienen conocimientos generales sobre lo que es el racismo y la discriminación racial establecida en tres categorías tales como: desprecio, rechazo y exclusión. En el período de la investigación, el Diario Universal en la sección Cartagena desarrolló 67 noticias relacionadas con la comunidad negra de las cuales solamente 9 abordaron sobre la discriminación racial.SummaryThis article addressed the news related to black communities, mainly regarding racial discrimination and racism in the "Cartagena" section, based chronologically on two years: 2012 and 2013. The "Cartagena" section is the second largest in the newspaper El Universal, where the main problems of the city are collected.This discourse analysis of written texts, has been based on the realities of black communities and how they assume these news, particularly racial discrimination. As well as the conception that the journalists and leaders from the community have.Among the results we identified that the journalists of the newspaper El Universal, have general knowledge about what is racism and racial discrimination, and it’s established in three categories such as: hatred, rejection and exclusion. In the period of investigation, the Universal Newspaper in Cartagena section developed 67 news related to the black community of which only 9 addressed information on racial discrimination.

The Use of Complex Adaptive Theory and Information Technologies to Inform Development Strategies in English Speaking Black Community, Montreal

10.31355/23 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 061-086
Author(s):  
Clarence S. Bayne ◽  
Raafat G. Saade
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
English Speaking

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................ The purpose of this paper is to conduct a multi-case/agent analysis using complexity theory to develop propositions that guide and inform our research for solutions to the problems of integration and full participation of the English-speaking Black community in the societies of Montreal and Quebec. Background................................................................................................................................................................................ This study was motivated by our interest in community organizational leader-ship, and concerns expressed by Black social entrepreneurs and organizations in the English-speaking Black communities of Montreal. The results of an unpublished survey conducted by the Institute for Community Entrepreneurship and Development (ICED) revealed a strong perception among Black leaders that in spite of their efforts to advance their communities there was too little progress. They attributed this to systemic exclusion and competitive strategies of mainstream non-Black agencies and leaders. Our further investigation of these claims suggested that beside discrimination based on color and race, factors more complex than skin color, being a person of African descent or White hate, were at work. Preliminary patterns in our observations suggest that the problems of exclusion and discrimination needed to be addressed in a broader psycho-social sense and in the context of Canada as a complex political, economic, and social adaptive system emerging continuously from generation to generation Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................ We used historical analysis and dynamic systems constructs to understand the causality structures of human social systems and to design strategies that have the highest possibilities for improving and optimizing the objective and subjective well-being of members of targeted minority sub-groups in the system. The general research approach is deductive and exploratory. It conforms mostly to critical realist thinking as opposed to traditional scientific methodologies. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................ It is our opinion that communication network centers can be designed as part of a strategic planning process to increase the capacity of minority communities for creating, in a timely manner, the ingenuity required for solving problems of social, political and economic exclusion; for promoting sustainable development and improving objective and subjective well-being. The use of the MAS (multiple-agents system) analytical framework allows us to address and assess problems of decision making under varying degrees of uncertainty and in the social and historical context of the study. Findings..................................................................................................................................................................................... Our review of the development and progress of the Black community of Montreal shows that “under the radar” community based organizations and Black Social entrepreneurs have developed governance mechanisms and generated strategies and approaches to decision making that are consistent with the optimal patterns observed in simulations of multi-agent systems (MAS) . In particular, social entrepreneurs seem to support the formal creation of community based communication networks and information sharing as essential for community development. Several of these organizations consider these useful tools for facilitating the sharing of innovative ideas and best practices. Recommendations for Practitioners.......................................................................................................................................... The usefulness of the network community systems need to be monitored. Its usefulness will depend on how its outputs are perceived to have contributed to improving the level of fitness (the vitality and well-being/utility) of the community and its members. It will require a holistic approach to community development supported by network centers that provide communication and information services at levels that improve and sustain the capacity of the organizations and the community to adapt and evolve from generation to generation. The mechanisms in place must increase and sustain the capacity of the systems to achieve and maintain the desired level of outcomes consistent with attaining the highest fitness levels for the English speaking Black Communities. This must be tested with the help of information provided by a built in feedback subsystem of the network. Recommendation for Researchers.............................................................................................................................................. A central database has to be built into the system where social and economic data and measures of subsystem specific attributes and characteristics are gathered and stored for use by the network organizations and social entrepreneurs. There is no comprehensive measure of a fitness index for the Black community in Montreal. Theoretically speaking, there are too many possibilities to find a precise solution. However, an approximation of fitness can be obtained by constructing a human development index (HDI) in combination with measures of inequality such as comparative data on income, employment and unemployment, poverty, and etc. Impact on Society......................................................................................................................................................................... The paper raises some questions about the success of the experiment of multiculturalism in terms of greater recognition of the contributions of Canada’s diverse and multiple sub-cultures. It proposes ways to address complaints of failed expectations expressed by Black and immigrant minority groups. The paper offers policy makers and social entrepreneurs a dynamic analytical framework to explore the use of information and communication network theory, and information from simulations of multi-agent adaptive systems theory to develop more informed strategies and actions. Future Research............................................................................................................................................................................ More research needs to be done to improve the quality and expand the demographic and other data relating to the black communities in Montreal and Quebec. In addition, more research needs to be done on the development of an archival documentation system for the management and distribution of information between the different communities that make up the Black cultural community of Quebec and Canada.

The Bravado of the Black Mecca and Blackness Abroad

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice J. Hobson
Keyword(s):  
Black Community ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Jimmy Carter ◽  
National Convention ◽  
America South ◽  
New City ◽  
American Cities ◽  
The City

Chapter Four focuses on Atlanta’s rise as a global black city and the idea of black global citizenship through foreign and domestic policies as seen through U.S. Presidents, from John F. Kennedy to Jimmy Carter. When Andrew Young was elected as the city’s second black mayor during the 1980s, he inherited numerous social ills and a pernicious financial crisis. When President Ronald Reagan cut federal funding to American cities, Young found it necessary to fund and expand the city through foreign investments and neo-liberal forms of urban renewal and gentrification. Most of Atlanta’s black community saw a business-minded and globetrotting mayor promoting purported progress and the black Mecca image. Yet, Young had no plan to deal with issues pertinent to the poor as mayor and his “citizen of the world” persona was not a good look for Atlanta’s working class and poor black communities, as it seemed that he did not embody their interests. Young used his savior-faire and political influence to refashion a city worthy of hosting the 1988 Democratic National Convention and the Centennial Olympiad. The Democratic National Convention served as the dress rehearsal for the Centennial Olympiad and from this event it was clear that Atlanta was indeed a new city with the black Mecca image at its center, worthy of hosting events on the world’s stage. However, Atlanta’s overwhelmingly poor and black citizens did not share this vision of their city nor were they at the center of the commercial branding of the America South. The significance of this is that once again, the issue of class within the black community presents itself as more divisive than cohesive.

Building the Black Metropolis

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Black Business ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Black Entrepreneurs ◽  
Black Metropolis ◽  
Business Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This book examines the entrepreneurial experiences of and contributions by African American entrepreneurs in Chicago. Through a careful examination of black business activity in areas such as finance, media, and the underground economy known as “Policy,” this work illuminates the manner in which blacks in Chicago built a network of competing and cooperative enterprises and a culture of entrepreneurship unique to the city. This network lay at the center of black business development in Chicago as it allowed blacks there greater opportunity to fund and build businesses reliant on other blacks rather than those whose interests lay outside the black community. Further, it examines how blacks’ business enterprises challenged and changed the economic and political culture of the city to help fashion black communities on Chicago’s South and West sides. For much of the 20th century, Chicago was considered the single best demonstration of blacks’ entrepreneurial potential. From the time the city was founded by black entrepreneur Jean Baptiste DuSable and throughout the 20th century, business enterprises have been part black community life. From DuSable through black business titans like John H. Johnson, Oprah Winfrey, and Anthony Overton black entrepreneurs called the city home and built their empires there. How they did so and the impact of their success (and failure) is a key theme within this book. Additionally, this work analyzes how blacks in Chicago built their enterprises at the same time grappling with the major cultural, political, and economic shifts in America in the 19th and 20th century.

The impact of a mega-event on city branding: The European Capital of Culture 2010 and the image of Istanbul

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evinç Doğan ◽  
Ibrahim Sirkeci
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Place Branding ◽  
World City ◽  
City Branding ◽  
City Image ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Symbolic Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

This study examines the ways in which the city image of Istanbul is re-created through the mega-events within the context of the European Capital of Culture (ECoC) 2010. Istanbul “took the stage” as one of the three ECoC cities (Essen for the Ruhr in Germany and Pécs in Hungary), where the urban spaces were projected as the theatre décor while residents and visitors became the spectators of the events. Organisers and agents of the ECoC 2010 seemed to rebrand Istanbul as a “world city” rather than a “European capital”. With a series of transnational connotations, this can be considered as part of an attempt to turn Istanbul to a global city. In this study we examine posters used during the ECoC 2010 to see whether this was evident in the promoted images of Istanbul. The research employs a hermeneutic approach in which representations, signs and language are the means of symbolic meaning, which is analysed through qualitative methods for the visual data (Visual Analysis Methods), namely Semiotics and Discourse Analysis. The analysed research material comes from a sample of posters released during the ECoC 2010 to promote 549 events throughout the year. Using stratified random sampling we have drawn 28 posters (5% of the total) reflecting the thematic groups of events in the ECoC 2010. Particular attention is also paid to the reflexivity of the researchers and researchers’ embeddedness to the object of research. The symbolic production and visual representation are therefore investigated firstly through the authoritative and historically constituted discourses in the making of Istanbul image and secondly through the orders of cultural consumption and mediatisation of culture through spectacular events. Hence enforcing a transnationalisation of the image of the city where the image appears to be almost stateless transcending the national boundaries. Findings and methodology used in this study can be useful in understanding similar cases and further research into the processes of city and place branding and image relationships. 

From Urban Renewal to the BeltLine: Atlanta’s Use of Public Health Narratives to Reshape the City

2021 ◽  
pp. 153851322098415
Author(s):  
L. Katie OConnell ◽  
Nisha Botchwey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Urban Renewal ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Mass Displacement ◽  
City Agencies ◽  
The City

Since the early days of the planning profession, city agencies relied on a public health crisis narrative as a rationale for mass displacement efforts that targeted black communities. Over time, as cities gentrified with white, middle-class residents, the narrative shifted toward the city as a place of health. This article compares Atlanta’s redevelopment narratives from urban renewal to its current citywide greenway project, the BeltLine, to understand how city officials utilized public health language to rationalize displacement and how the narratives ran counter to residents’ lived experience.

scholarly journals “We’re a Part of This City, Too”: An Examination of the Politics of Representation of D.C. Native via #DCNativesDay

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 205630512098444
Author(s):  
Loren Saxton Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Politics Of Representation ◽  
Marginalized Communities ◽  
Movie Theaters ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Twitter Users ◽  
The City

This cultural analysis explores how D.C. natives represented themselves on Twitter via #DCNativesDay. The analysis found that Twitter users engaged in hashtag activism to share stories about their connection to place(s) (e.g., movie theaters, neighborhoods, public schools) in the city that were integral in the construction of their individual and collective Black D.C. native identities. Constructed identities were not monolithic, and users engaged in some self-reflexivity. The users’ emphasis on place seemed to signify reclamation of changing city landscapes and legitimacy in the city. Ultimately, this research raises questions about how alternative representations that map marginalized communities onto city spaces in online spaces can create possibilities of transformation for Black communities during gentrification in offline spaces.

scholarly journals Editorial for the Special Issue on “Experiencing the City: The Relation between Urban Design and People’s Well-Being”

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2485
Author(s):  
Minou Weijs-Perrée ◽  
Gamze Dane ◽  
Pauline van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The City

Urbanization brings major challenges with regard to livability and the health and quality of life of citizens [...]

scholarly journals CH2 Energy Harvesting Systems: Economic Use and Efficiency

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
Chun Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Decision ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
World Class ◽  
Office Development ◽  
The City

This paper looks at the City of Melbourne's new office development CH2 as a case study of world class energy performance. In particular, the integrated design of conventionally independent systems has led to the potential to deliver significant savings to the Council and to deliver better environmental conditions to building occupants that in turn may contribute to satisfaction, well-being and productivity. It is concluded that this project has the potential to be an iconic example of effective implementation of ESD (environmental sustainable design) principles and therefore act as a demonstration project to others. Energy efficiency of more than 50% of current benchmarks for Melbourne is effected. Energy harvesting is defined as arising from squander, waste and nature, which is a new concept introduced in this paper to better describe the design decision process.

Feasibility of Disaster Mental Health Preparedness Training for Black Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle J. Laborde ◽  
Kathryn Magruder ◽  
Joanne Caye ◽  
Theodore Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Black Community ◽  
Core Curriculum ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Black Communities ◽  
Disaster Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Training ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Process Data

AbstractObjectivesTo test the feasibility of developing evidence-based mental health training to build capacity to respond to natural disasters in black communities and the adaptation of a train-the-trainer (TTT) model for black community leaders and clinical providers in distressed areas at risk of natural disasters.MethodsA core curriculum was developed based on a training needs assessment and resource review. Participants were recruited using network sampling in eastern North Carolina. The core curriculum was tested for usability, revised, and then pilot tested among five mental health providers. Three of the five were trained to lead one-day workshops tailored for black community leaders and clinical providers. Process data were collected, and workshop participants completed posttraining knowledge tests, evaluation forms, and debriefing focus groups.ResultsTen providers and 13 community leaders pilot tested the training. Posttest knowledge scores were generally higher among clinical providers. Perceived effectiveness of training was higher among community-based organization leaders than clinical providers. Evaluations indicated that the workshop components were culturally relevant and well received by all participants. We identified ways to facilitate recruitment, provide optional e-learning, evaluate effectiveness, and extend trainer support in future field trials.ConclusionThe curriculum and TTT model provide culturally competent disaster mental health preparedness training for black communities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:302-312)

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