scholarly journals Geotourism and Climate Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Hall ◽  
Jarkko Saarinen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Geomorphological Heritage ◽  
A Site

Geotourism has achieved considerable prominence since the early 1990s as a means of conserving geological and geomorphological heritage. However, most accounts of the effects of geotourism are at a site-specific level while interpretation tends to focus on deep geological time rather than the Anthropocene. This restriction in consideration of time and space has meant that the broader effects of geotourism-related travel throughout the tourism system have been ignored, along with the potential role of climate change in affecting geosites and attractions. These issues are discussed with respect to the paradoxes of geotourism in polar regions with the polar cryospheric environment being both threatened by climate change yet simultaneously becoming more accessible and attractive to tourists. The article concludes that, like any form of tourism, geotourism needs to be understood within the broader context of tourism and physical systems rather than in isolation in order to fully access its contribution to geoconservation.

scholarly journals Syringopeptin Contributes to the Virulence of Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, Based on sypA Biosynthesis Mutant Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirodha Weeraratne ◽  
Benjamin J. Stodart ◽  
Vittorio Venturi ◽  
Monica Hofte ◽  
Gia Khuong Hoang Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
A Site

Pseudomonas fuscovaginae, first reported from Japan in 1976, is now present in many agroecological regions around the world; it causes sheath brown rot of rice and is reported as a pathogen of a broad range of hosts. The pathogen can infect rice plants at all stages of growth and is known to cause significant losses due to grain discoloration, poor spike emergence and panicle sterility. Limited information is available on the virulence and mechanisms of pathogenicity for P. fuscovaginae. To address this, an analysis of genomes was conducted, which identified the presence of a gene showing homology to one of the genes contributing to syringopeptin synthetase (sypA) of P. syringae pv. syringae. To study the potential role of this gene in the virulence and pathogenicity of P. fuscovaginae, a site-specific mutation was created. Following inoculation of seeds and plantlets of rice and wheat with P. fuscovaginae wild types and their respective mutants, we demonstrated that the mutation significantly reduced virulence. This was evident on rice and wheat inoculated with mutants causing a significantly higher number of roots, length of roots and seedling height compared with their respective wild types. Characteristic disease symptoms of necrotic lesions were significantly less in rice seedlings infected with bacterial suspensions of mutants indicating a reduction in virulence. Chromatography analysis of bacterial exudates showed suppression of synthesis of metabolites analogous to syringopeptin in the mutants. These data demonstrate that the protein encoded by this sypA homolog gene is a major virulence determinant of P. fuscovaginae.

scholarly journals V(D)J recombination: signal and coding joint resolution are uncoupled and depend on parallel synapsis of the sites.

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
K M Sheehan ◽  
M R Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Genome Stability ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Synaptic Inhibition ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
Specific Process ◽  
A Site ◽  
Joint Resolution

V(D)J recombination in lymphoid cells is a site-specific process in which the activity of the recombinase enzyme is targeted to signal sequences flanking the coding elements of antigen receptor genes. The order of the steps in this reaction and their mechanistic interdependence are important to the understanding of how the reaction fails and thereby contributes to genomic instability in lymphoid cells. The products of the normal reaction are recombinant joints linking the coding sequences of the receptor genes and, reciprocally, the signal ends. Extrachromosomal substrate molecules were modified to inhibit the physical synapsis of the recombination signals. In this way, it has been possible to assess how inhibiting the formation of one joint affects the resolution efficiency of the other. Our results indicate that signal joint and coding joint formation are resolved independently in that they can be uncoupled from each other. We also find that signal synapsis is critical for the generation of recombinant products, which greatly restricts the degree of potential single-site cutting that might otherwise occur in the genome. Finally, inversion substrates manifest synaptic inhibition at much longer distances than do deletion substrates, suggesting that a parallel rather than an antiparallel alignment of the signals is required during synapsis. These observations are important for understanding the interaction of V(D)J signals with the recombinase. Moreover, the role of signal synapsis in regulating recombinase activity has significant implications for genome stability regarding the frequency of recombinase-mediated chromosomal translocations.

scholarly journals Marx, Vygotsky and Freire: methodological discussions on the role of language in social transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E Jones ◽  
Maria Cecília C Magalhães
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
A Site ◽  
Transformative Activist Stance

ABSTRACT This paper offers a Marxist grounding for a liberatory, critical-collaboratory dialogic praxis in educational contexts and examines the implications of such praxis for an understanding of the potential role of the school as a site of critical thinking. Aligning with Stetsenko’s ‘Transformative-Activist Stance’, the discussion centres on clarifying the methodological rationale for approaching language as a means of cultural action and social transformation based on Marx’s materialist conception of history and the educationally based dialogical approaches of Vygotsky and Freire.

Role of histidine 64 in the catalytic mechanism of human carbonic anhydrase II studied with a site-specific mutant

Biochemistry ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (19) ◽  
pp. 7913-7918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chingkuang Tu ◽  
David N. Silverman ◽  
Cecilia Forsman ◽  
Bengt Harald Jonsson ◽  
Sven Lindskog
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Catalytic Mechanism ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Ii ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Human Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
A Site

scholarly journals The role of the gustatory cortex in incidental experience-evoked enhancement of later taste learning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica L. Flores ◽  
Tamar Parmet ◽  
Narendra Mukherjee ◽  
Sacha Nelson ◽  
Donald B. Katz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Gene ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Gustatory Cortex ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Incidental Exposure ◽  
Fos Expression ◽  
A Site ◽  
Full Day

ABSTRACTThe strength of learned associations between pairs of stimuli is affected by multiple factors, the most extensively studied of which is prior experience with the stimuli themselves. In contrast, little data is available regarding how experience with incidental stimuli (independent of any conditioning situation) impacts later learning. This lack of research is striking given the importance of incidental experience to survival. We have recently begun to fill this void using conditioned taste aversion (CTA), wherein an animal learns to avoid a taste that has been associated with malaise. We previously demonstrated that incidental exposure to salty and sour tastes (taste pre-exposure—TPE) enhances aversions learned later to sucrose. Here, we investigate the neurobiology underlying this phenomenon. First, we use immediate early gene (c-Fos) expression to identify gustatory cortex (GC) as a site at which TPE specifically increases the neural activation caused by taste-malaise pairing (i.e., TPE did not change c-Fos induced by either stimulus in isolation). Next, we use site-specific infection with the optical silencer Archaerhodopsin-T to show that GC inactivation during TPE inhibits the expected enhancements of both learning and CTA-related c-Fos expression, a full day later. Thus, we conclude that GC is almost certainly a vital part of the circuit that integrates incidental experience into later associative learning.

scholarly journals Climate change, hunger and rural health through the lens of farming styles: An agent-based model to assess the potential role of peasant farming

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246788
Author(s):  
Simon J. Lloyd ◽  
Zaid Chalabi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Health ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Food System ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Trade Offs

Undernutrition is a major contributor to the global-burden of disease, and global-level health impact models suggest that climate change-mediated reductions in food quantity and quality will negatively affect it. These models, however, capture just some of the processes that will shape future nutrition. We adopt an alternative standpoint, developing an agent-based model in which producer-consumer smallholders practice different ‘styles of farming’ in the global food system. The model represents a hypothetical rural community in which ‘orphan’ (subsistence) farmers may develop by adopting an ‘entrepreneurial’ style (highly market-dependent) or by maintaining a ‘peasant’ style (agroecology). We take a first look at the question: how might patterns of farming styles—under various style preference, climate, policy, and price transmission scenarios—impact on hunger and health-supporting conditions (incomes, work, inequality, ‘real land productivity’) in rural areas? imulations without climate change or agricultural policy found that style preference patterns influence production, food price, and incomes, and there were trade-offs between them. For instance, entrepreneurial-oriented futures had the highest production and lowest prices but were simultaneously those in which farms tended towards crisis. Simulations with climate change and agricultural policy found that peasant-orientated agroecology futures had the highest production, prices equal to or lower than those under entrepreneurial-oriented futures, and better supported rural health. There were, however, contradictory effects on nutrition, with benefits and harms for different groups. Collectively the findings suggest that when attempting to understand how climate change may impact on future nutrition and health, patterns of farming styles—along with the fates of the households that practice them—matter. These issues, including the potential role of peasant farming, have been neglected in previous global-level climate-nutrition modelling but go to the heart of current debates on the future of farming: thus, they should be given more prominence in future work.

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