scholarly journals Think-Aloud-Based Translation Process Research: Some Methodological Considerations

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 928-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Research Procedure ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Mainly structured around issues revealed in a questionnaire survey among 25 eminent translation process researchers worldwide, this paper deals with methodological issues in think-aloud-based translation process research from two perspectives: theoretical and practical. It argues that there is no strong evidence suggesting that TAP significantly changes or influences the translation process, though TAP’s validity and completeness in a specific study might depend more or less on several variables. TAP and such recording methods as keystroke logging and eye tracking serve different specific research purposes, so they can be combined in a multimethod study to answer more complex research questions. Several research designs are available for a multimethod study, and researchers are encouraged to try designs other than one-shot case studies or convergence design. As for the research procedure, this paper touches upon how to transcribe and analyze the protocols. Many stereotypes in this field have been problematized. For example, this paper suggests that researchers transcribe as much as necessary rather than doing a “complete” transcription, or they can even skip the step of transcribing; in choosing test materials, researchers do not have to choose whole passages; they can use a group of sentences.

scholarly journals Revisie in vertaling: wanneer en wat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hella Breedveld ◽  
Huub Van den Bergh
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Text Processing ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Cognitive Context ◽  
Draft Version ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Function

Translators often go through their texts several times before considering their translations ‘done’. In most translation process research the different runs through the text after producing a draft version of the translation are considered as a single revision stage of the translation process. If, however, the factor time is taken into account, it might be expected that the revision activities a translator performs differ in nature and function depending on the moment where they occur during the translation process. The present article is a search for describing and understanding revision processes based on this view. Revision activities in the think-aloud protocols of five translators are analysed with regard to cognitive context and text processing characteristics. Results show that there is little evidence that revision activities vary during the translation process. Revision activities seem to occur at random throughout the translation process and appear to be triggered locally.

Methodological Issues Regarding Cross-Cultural Studies of Judgments of Facial Expressions

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Matsumoto ◽  
Hyisung C. Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Facial Expressions Of Emotion ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Cross Cultural Studies

We discuss four methodological issues regarding cross-cultural judgment studies of facial expressions of emotion involving design, sampling, stimuli, and dependent variables. We use examples of relatively recent studies in this area to highlight and discuss these issues. We contend that careful consideration of these, and other, cross-cultural methodological issues can help researchers minimize methodological errors, and can guide the field to address new and different research questions that can continue to facilitate an evolution in the field’s thinking about the nature of culture, emotion, and facial expressions.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of probation supervision towards reducing reoffending: A Rapid Evidence Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Kim Heyes ◽  
Chris Fox ◽  
Jordan Harrison ◽  
Zsolt Kiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Base ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
What Works ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Probation Supervision ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Meta Analyses

In response to the lack of universal agreement about ‘What Works’ in probation supervision (Trotter, 2013) we undertook a Rapid Evidence Assessment of the empirical literature. Our analysis of research into the effect of probation supervision reducing reoffending included 13 studies, all of which employed robust research designs, originating in the USA, UK, Canada and Australia, published between 2006 and 2016. We describe the papers included in our review, and the meta-analyses of their findings. Overall, we found that the likelihood of reoffending was shown to be lower for offenders who had been exposed to some type of supervision. This finding should be interpreted cautiously however, given the heterogeneity of the studies. We suggest future research and methodological considerations to develop the evidence base concerning the effectiveness of probation supervision.

“I Know Correlation Doesn’t Prove Causation, but . . .”: Are We Jumping to Unfounded Conclusions About the Causes of Sexual Offending?

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin L. Nunes ◽  
Chloe I. Pedneault ◽  
W. Eric Filleter ◽  
Sacha Maimone ◽  
Carolyn Blank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Differences Of Opinion ◽  
Information Sensitivity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Identifying causes of sexual offending is the foundation of effective and efficient assessment, intervention, and policy aimed at reducing sexual offending. However, studies vary in methodological rigor and the inferences they support, and there are differences of opinion about the conclusions that can be drawn from ambiguous evidence. To explore how researchers in this area interpret the available empirical evidence, we asked authors of articles published in relevant specialized journals to identify (a) an important factor that may lead to sexual offending, (b) a study providing evidence of a relationship between that factor and sexual offending, and (c) the inferences supported by that study. Many participants seemed to endorse causal interpretations and conclusions that went beyond the methodological rigor of the study they identified. Our findings suggest that some researchers may not be adequately considering methodological issues when making inferences about the causes of sexual offending. Although it is difficult to conduct research in this area and all research designs can provide valuable information, sensitivity to the limits methodology places on inferences is important for the sake of accuracy and integrity, and to stimulate more informative research. We propose that increasing attention to methodology in the research community through better training and standards will advance scientific knowledge about the causes of sexual offending, and improve the effectiveness and efficiency of practice and policy.

scholarly journals Revisiting Platelets and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs): At the Interface of Vascular Immunity and Thrombosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Hally ◽  
Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel ◽  
Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse ◽  
Peter Larsen ◽  
Fabrice Cognasse
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Function ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Vascular Integrity ◽  
Danger Signals ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Damage Associated Molecular Patterns

While platelet function has traditionally been described in the context of maintaining vascular integrity, recent evidence suggests that platelets can modulate inflammation in a much more sophisticated and nuanced manner than previously thought. Some aspects of this expanded repertoire of platelet function are mediated via expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLRs are a family of pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns. Activation of these receptors is crucial for orchestrating and sustaining the inflammatory response to both types of danger signals. The TLR family consists of 10 known receptors, and there is at least some evidence that each of these are expressed on or within human platelets. This review presents the literature on TLR-mediated platelet activation for each of these receptors, and the existing understanding of platelet-TLR immune modulation. This review also highlights unresolved methodological issues that potentially contribute to some of the discrepancies within the literature, and we also suggest several recommendations to overcome these issues. Current understanding of TLR-mediated platelet responses in influenza, sepsis, transfusion-related injury and cardiovascular disease are discussed, and key outstanding research questions are highlighted. In summary, we provide a resource—a “researcher’s toolkit”—for undertaking further research in the field of platelet-TLR biology.

scholarly journals Methodological Challenges in Studying Trust in Natural Resources Management

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1303
Author(s):  
Antonia Sohns ◽  
Gordon M. Hickey ◽  
Jasper R. de Vries ◽  
Owen Temby
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Participatory Approaches ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Central Characteristic ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
And Control

Trust has been identified as a central characteristic of successful natural resource management (NRM), particularly in the context of implementing participatory approaches to stakeholder engagement. Trust is, however, a multi-dimensional and multi-level concept that is known to evolve recursively through time, challenging efforts to empirically measure its impact on collaboration in different NRM settings. In this communication we identify some of the challenges associated with conceptualizing and operationalizing trust in NRM field research, and pay particular attention to the inter-relationships between the concepts of trust, perceived risk and control due to their multi-dimensional and interacting roles in inter-organizational collaboration. The challenge of studying trust begins with its conceptualization, which impacts the terminology being used, thereby affecting the subsequent operationalization of trust in survey and interview measures, and the interpretation of these measures by engaged stakeholders. Building from this understanding, we highlight some of the key methodological considerations, including how trust is being conceptualized and how the associated measures are being developed, deployed, and validated in order to facilitate cross-context and cross-level comparisons. Until these key methodological issues are overcome, the nuanced roles of trust in NRM will remain unclear.

Inexperienced decision-makers' use of positive heuristics for marketing decisions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Gilbert-Saad ◽  
Rod B. McNaughton ◽  
Frank Siedlok
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Distribution Channel ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge

PurposeResearch has reliably demonstrated that decision-makers, especially expert ones, use heuristics to make decisions under uncertainty. However, whether decision-makers with little or no experience also do, and if so, how? is unknown. This research addresses this issue in the marketing context by studying how a group of young and generally inexperienced entrepreneurs decide when asked to set a price and choose a distribution channel in a scenario involving a hypothetical firm.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used think-aloud protocols to elicit data and then used inductive procedures to code the data for analysis.FindingsThe inexperienced entrepreneurs in the sample used three types of heuristics in their decision-making, forming a structured process that narrows in scope. First, metacognitive heuristics, which specify a decision-making approach, were used, followed by heuristics representing the criteria they considered, and finally, heuristics detailing the execution of a selected option. The authors also found that heuristics relating to a market orientation, especially customer-centric criteria, were the most common, but these were balanced with ones representing an internal orientation or growth.Research limitations/implicationsThe generally inexperienced decision-makers the authors’ studied used heuristics in a structured way that helped them to select and balance several potentially conflicting decision-making criteria. As with most research using qualitative research designs, the generalizability of these findings is unclear. Further research on the mechanisms by which relatively inexperienced decision-makers learn the heuristics they use is recommended.Originality/valueThis research's novelty lies in its focus on heuristic use by nonexpert decision-makers under conditions of uncertainty and the findings about their scope and the order they are used. As the authors collected data from think-aloud protocols with relatively young entrepreneurs with limited experience, they also offer a description of the heuristics used by nascent entrepreneurs when making marketing decisions about pricing and channels. The most surprising conclusion is that even without relevant domain-specific knowledge, decision-makers can use heuristics in an ecologically rational way (i.e. structured to match the environment).

Methodological Issues in MIS Cross-Cultural Research

2011 ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Karahanna ◽  
Roberto Evaristo ◽  
Mark Srite
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Measurement Artifacts ◽  
Comparative Nature

This paper presents a discussion of methodological issues that are relevant and idiosyncratic to cross-cultural research. One characteristic that typifies cross-cultural studies is their comparative nature, i.e., they involve a comparison across two separate cultures on a focal phenomenon. When differences across cultures are observed, the question arises as to whether the results are true cultural differences or merely measurement artifacts. Methodological considerations in cross-cultural research focus on ruling out alternative explanations for these differences and thus enhancing the interpretability of the results. The paper presents an overview of key methodological issues in cross-cultural research and reviews methods of preventing or detecting methodological problems.

Methodological Considerations in Educational Research Using Serious Games

2010 ◽  
pp. 147-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Putai Jin
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Serious Games ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Simulation Game ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Technology Tool ◽  
Methodological Considerations

The literature on using serious games for learning has been growing exponentially during the last decade. It is time to examine some methodological issues associated with this line of research. There is evidence that research on serious games, if designed with methodological rigor and executed properly, such as the serial studies of prisoners’ dilemma, modality effect in individual interactive learning, and changes in attitude toward mathematics in a computer-based simulation game, can be fruitful and have a profound, positive impact on learning and training. Since adopting serious games as an educational technology tool is by no means cheap, we should ensure that methodological issues are carefully considered before conducting a study on educational games. Whereas there are excellent studies in the existing literature of simulations and games, it is not uncommon for some studies to adopt convenience samples or own-control designs. Studies on serious games tend to be conclusive if they have used true experimentation, well-controlled quasi-experimental design, surveys with representative samples and validated instruments, comprehensive design research, or training programs having a pretest–posttest design with group comparisons. The potential values and informative contributions of using different methodologies for serious game research should be recognized because of the ecological relevance. Future research should pay more attention to randomized sampling, controlled but feasible research design, validity of instruments, appropriate analytical methods, and interdisciplinary or cross-disciplinary research to enhance the internal/external validity of various approaches. In regard to analytical methods, both quantitative approaches and qualitative evaluations, if applied appropriately, are considered as valuable, indispensable, and complementary to each other. It is hoped that this chapter can be helpful not only for future researchers in this field to design and execute rigorous projects but also for wider readership to understand and evaluate research outcomes in the discipline of serious games.

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