scholarly journals Democratic Critiques of the Institutions and Processes of Neoliberal International Economic Integration: An Assessment

2011 ◽  
pp. 161-183
Author(s):  
Ian Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Economic Integration Agreements ◽  
Persuasive Arguments ◽  
Resolution Processes ◽  
Act One

Three basic types of democratic critique have been levelled against "neoliberal" economic integration agreements such as the NAFTA and the Single European Act. One type holds that the institutions created to oversee the integration process are deficient on democratic grounds. This paper summarizes and evaluates this type of democratic critique. It is argued that allegations that the European Union suffers from a "democratic deficit" are not very convincing. However, criticisms of the lack of openess and due process in neoliberal dispute resolution processes are more persuasive. Arguments for a treaty ratification process that includes a referendum are also convincing.

scholarly journals Traktat Lizboński a wspólnotowe wartości europejskie

2018 ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Maciej Banaszak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Legitimacy ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formal Solutions

An issue raised more and more frequently in political, as well as scientific discourse in the context of the European Union, is “democratic deficit”. At the time, EU is perceived as an institution guaranteeing the preservation of democratic values in Europe and promoting them both on the continent and beyond. This article discusses both points of view, with emphasis placed on the democratic deficit aspect, measures undertaken to eliminate the negative consequences of the process, as well as the history of the concept: starting from the single European Act, through general elections to the European Parliament, and formal solutions leading to the gradual increase of EU powers. It is assumed in the article that the problem of democratic deficit has persisted in the European Union, especially since several changes were introduced to the political system of EU after The Treaty of Lisbon. As result, the key question that must be answered is whether under the provisions of the Treaty the EU will strengthen its democratic legitimacy. This article attempts to provide an answer, analyzing the role of national parliaments in the new institutional and normative reality and in the context of the democratic legitimacy deficit.

Three Horsemen of the Markets

2019 ◽  
pp. 393-406
Author(s):  
Gönül Yüce Akıncı
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Geographically Weighted Regression ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Competitive Power ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Weighted Regression Analysis ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the impact of technologic improvement and financial development on competitive power in the 28 member countries of the European Union using panel geographically weighted regression analysis for the period of 2004-2016. The findings of the analysis, which show that increasing technological development accelerates the competitive power, support the Schumpeterian hypothesis, revealing that the impact of technology on competitiveness could accelerate with the contribution of the financial sector. In addition, findings reflecting the fact that the foreign trade which has been strengthened via technical development increases the competitive power show that the level of globalization has a contribution to this process, also. It has been observed that securing the property rights and applying the effective patent regimes leads to competitive advantage, and the economic integration process of the European continent has strengthened the competitive force.

The European Union Treaty: Mechanical Incident or Derailment on the Fast Track?

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Jacques Le Cacheux
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
European Monetary System ◽  
Maastricht Treaty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Monetary ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
National Legislatures

On February 7, 1992, the twelve leaders of the European Community (EC) countries met and solemnly signed the European Union Treaty --the so-called Maastricht Treaty. Earlier agreements amongst European states reinforcing their economic integration --such as the creation of the European Monetary System (EMS) in 1979 and the Single European Act, which, in 1986, provided for the dismantling of intra-EC borders and the completion of the European common market on January 1st, 1993. However the Maastricht Treaty was deemed to contain such radical amendments of the Community's founding treaties that it had to be submitted to ratification by the various national legislatures or constituencies.

25. Public Opinion and the European Union

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Guerra ◽  
Lauren M. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Public Involvement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Constitutional Treaty ◽  
Single European Act ◽  
Mass Opinion ◽  
The Eu

This chapter examines trends in public opinion toward the European Union. Through the mid-1980s, EU member governments and bureaucrats were interested in limited public involvement in the integration process. With the introduction of the Single European Act and later the Constitutional Treaty and the Lisbon Treaty, member states began selling their varying visions of a renewed European project that would contribute to the further economic and political development of the EU integration process. The chapter first considers general perceptions of the EU before assessing the key factors that are believed to account for differences in mass opinion regarding the EU. These include rational utilitarianism, perceptions of the national government, political psychology factors such as cognitive mobilization and concerns about the loss of national identity, and the role of mass media in shaping attitudes towards the EU. The chapter concludes with an analysis of the level of trust towards EU institutions.

Przezwyciężanie kryzysu w procesie integracji europejskiej, poprzez zmiany regulacji dotyczących rozliczalności w podejmowaniu decyzji w UE, w wymiarze makroekonomicznym i fiskalnym

2016 ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Anna Sroka
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Democratic Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This article concerns the impact of the crisis on the manner in which the European Union functions, with particular attention paid to the issue of accountability. The analysis of particular legal solutions adopted since the eruption of the economic crisis enables capturing of the changes that have occurred with respect to the functioning of democracy in the EU. This facilitates the search for an answer to the following research questions: during times of crisis, do transformations lead to improvements in the quality of democracy, or do they rather deepen the existing democratic deficit, particularly in respect of accountability? Are modifications to mechanisms governing the functioning of democracy in the EU helping to overcome both shortand long-term crises in the integration process? In order to find answers to these questions, an analysis has been performed of the changes made to regulations addressing governance in the European Union in the macroeconomic and fiscal sphere implemented between 2008 and 2013.

scholarly journals Unia Europejska, globalizacja i Polska

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Anna Małgorzta Niżnik
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eu Membership ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

International economic integration, or globalisation, has a long history, dating from the Medieval period; the establishment and later extension of the European Union is part of this process. It is argued that EU membership has brought undoubted advantages, such as support for agriculture and for regions of high unemployment, and the removal of tariffs against Polish goods, but the huge changes experienced by Poland date from the introduction of the market economy in 1989, not from EU membership. The market economy is synonymous with globalisation, which is so powerful that countries are forced to adapt to it, and make changes within this framework. There have been changes since 2004, the most important of which is mass emigration to the UK, Ireland, Germany and Spain, but it is thought that this movement is only short-term, since most Poles intend to return to Poland, having accumulated capital. It is too soon to be able to establish the full impact of EU membership. It seems that a much longer period must be allowed to elapse before it is possible to assess the value of EU membership to Poland. But in any case, it is clear that Poland has become part of the globalisation and economic integration process – something that will be emphasised owing to membership of the EU.

Information Technologies and Economic Relations: Problems of International Conventional Unification in EAEU

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Наталия Доронина ◽  
Nataliya Doronina ◽  
Наталья Семилютина ◽  
Natalya Semilyutina
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Common Market ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Assistance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Latin American Region

Since 2013, at the State Duma initiative, each April Saint-Petersburg has hosted the “Eurasian Economic Perspective” International Forum. This discussion venue for the exchange of opinions by parliament members of the post-Soviet states, with the participation of scientists, representing humanitarian sciences and education, furthers, among other things, the goal of the states’ integration and their economic development. The topic for discussion offered this year was the implementation problems of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Integration as of January, 1, 2015. One of the main integration problems is the problem of unification and harmonization of national legislations of the Treaty countries. The key question of the unification process is separation of powers and competences of the integration organization’s common body and the participating countries’ national bodies. The understanding of the supranational power of the common body is not correct. The integration experience in other unions between the states proves the importance of the sovereignty principle in the integration process. The author provides the analysis of former integration experience. For example, CMEA (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance) united the former Eastern European socialist republics and South-Eastern Asia and was dissolved in 90-ies after the transition of the States — participants to market economy. Notwithstanding its dissolution, CMEA created effective integration instruments on the basis of unification of national legislations: The CMEA General Conditions of Delivery. This instrument of the socialist common market continues to be practiced as model conditions for international contracts. The legal instrument of the International Business Corporation (IBC) has initiated the movement of resources that can be compared to the movement of capital in a free-market world. The CMEA experience has provided basic knowledge of cooperation, which was later used in other integration groups. The article also covers the economic integration of the European Union. It can be useful from the point of view of critics of “federalist” theories on the nature of integration of a group of states. The latter remains, as the authors show, to be subject to the International Law system. It is quite logical, that due to this position of the authors, they pay special attention to the key role of national legislation in the integration process. On the basis of the analysis of the Andean Common Market experience the authors underline the features of integration in the Latin American region. The comparative analysis of international regional unions of states is necessary to make the work of the Eurasian International Economic Union (EAEU) more effective. The Information Law is the technique that provides the diffusion of the most effective models of regulation for the purpose of economic integration. This approach in solving problems of economic integration in EAEU seems to be useful in search of the ways to overcome difficulties of the integration process.

Europe, Yes—But Which Europe?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Grimm
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
European Economic Community ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
European Court ◽  
The Eu

This chapter suggests that the European Union has outgrown the original economic community but it remains unclear what it should become in the end. It first explains how the European Economic Community, the forerunner of the EU, became a singular, supranational entity somewhere between an international organization and a federal state. It then examines the 1992 Treaty of Maastricht; how EU’s democracy problem is exacerbated by a yawning gap between decision-making power and accountability; and the European Court of Justice’s role in the economic integration process as well as its interpretation of the European treaties. It also discusses proposals for an institutional reform of the EU, such as enhancing the representation of EU citizens on the European Parliament. Finally, it considers plausible explanations of European integration and how the EU must be arranged so as to find greater acceptance.

The Economic Impact of the Brexit Processon the European Union and The UK: Integration Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor A. Filkevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Original Interpretation ◽  
Integration Efficiency

This article raises questions of the effectiveness of the development of world economic integration associations. The original interpretation of the effect of the UK’s exit from the European Union (Brexit) as a symptom of geo-economic reformatting of the global economy is given. We study the effects that contribute to the expansion of the international economic integration process. The factors of deepening regional integration on the basis of geo-economic cooperation are revealed.

scholarly journals Nicholas Kaldor and Kazimierz Łaski on the pitfalls of the European integration process

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-369
Author(s):  
Michael Landesmann
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic And Monetary Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Centrifugal Forces ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Central State ◽  
Complementary Inputs

Nicholas Kaldor and Kazimierz Łaski have been two very prominent exponents of Keynesian thinking. They both contributed to the debate on European economic integration, one (Nicholas Kaldor) in the early 1970s, when there were fierce debates about the United Kingdom's entry to the European Communities, and the other (Kazimierz Łaski) in the wake of the financial and economic crisis of 2008–2012, when the European Union and its Economic and Monetary Union were seriously challenged by potential disintegration. Both exponents provided deep and complementary inputs into an understanding of the centrifugal forces at work when a region with a rudimentary federal structure (but an extremely weak ‘central state’) embarks on tight economic integration with an inadequate macroeconomic policy framework in place.

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