scholarly journals Notre maître le passé ?

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Petitclerc
Keyword(s):  
En Bloc ◽  
Changement Social ◽  
Inégalités Sociales

Résumé J’aimerais réfléchir, dans cet article, à quelques enjeux relatifs à la « crise » de l’histoire sociale québécoise et à l’émergence d’une nouvelle histoire des idées qui prétend fonder un nouveau rapport au passé. Après une période pendant laquelle l’histoire sociale a pratiquement régné sans partage, les constats d’un essoufflement, voire d’une crise, se sont succédé au cours des années 1990. Au tournant des années 2000, ces constats de crise ont laissé progressivement place à une critique plus radicale qui a rejeté en bloc l’histoire sociale, l’accusant d’avoir construit un récit moderniste méprisant à l’égard de la tradition. Cette critique a soutenu qu’une nouvelle histoire des idées, plus respectueuse de la tradition, permettrait de mieux rendre compte de la crise actuelle d’une société québécoise en perte de repères identitaires, politiques et sociaux. Cet article vise donc à explorer cette conjoncture historiographique, indissociable d’un contexte intellectuel et politique plus large, qui remet en question la pertinence même de comprendre le passé québécois à partir des thèmes centraux de l’histoire sociale, et notamment celui des inégalités sociales. Il appelle finalement les praticiens actuels de l’histoire sociale à une refondation d’un projet historiographique critique autour du problème du changement social.

scholarly journals Des brèches dans le mur : inégalités sociales, sociologie et savoirs d’expérience

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-117
Author(s):  
Christopher McAll
Keyword(s):  
Changement Social ◽  
Inégalités Sociales ◽  
Lecture Critique ◽  
Sciences Sociales

Les sociétés inégalitaires doivent se protéger du regard critique de ceux et celles qui s’en perçoivent comme les victimes. Présenter ces inégalités comme inévitables et justes devient alors d’autant plus nécessaire qu’elles risquent d’engendrer un ressentiment qui peut déclencher une demande de changement social radical. Comment la sociologie peut-elle maintenir une distance critique vis-à-vis d’arguments qui cherchent à légitimer les inégalités, afin de participer à la production d’une société plus égalitaire ? Ce texte suggère des brèches pour sortir des espaces de connaissance emmurés qui protègent les inégalités. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de revenir sur les approches qui voient dans les inégalités une condition relevant des individus eux-mêmes. Par la suite, sont examinées les perspectives selon lesquelles les inégalités sociales sont perçues comme découlant de rapports entre groupes sociaux, chaque type de rapport étant associé à la production d’un certain type de savoir racisant ou naturalisant. Dans un troisième temps, est abordé le rôle des sciences sociales dans la construction des « murs » qui protègent les inégalités sociales. Est proposée alors une lecture critique de l’État technobureaucratique, conçu comme contribuant à la production des inégalités. Le texte se termine par un appel pour une sociologie qui s’allie avec d’autres acteurs du monde social, reconnaisse les savoirs fondés sur l’expérience de vie et d’intervention et participe à la transformation de l’État social et de sa capacité de produire une société plus égalitaire et plus libre.

scholarly journals Recherche interventionnelle en santé des populations et lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé : les partenariats « en train de se faire » de la Case de Santé de Toulouse, France

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Jean-Charles Basson ◽  
Nadine Haschar-Noé ◽  
Thierry Lang ◽  
Fabien Maguin ◽  
Laurence Boulaghaf
Keyword(s):  
Santé Des Populations ◽  
Changement Social ◽  
Inégalités Sociales ◽  
De Se ◽  
Inégalités Sociales De Santé ◽  
Recherche Interventionnelle ◽  
Santé Communautaire

Une recherche interventionnelle en santé des populations permet d’analyser les modalités de lutte contre les inégalités sociales de santé que pratique la Case de Santé de Toulouse (France). Créée en 2006, selon une approche de santé communautaire, cette organisation associative comprend un centre de santé de premier recours et un pôle santé-droits visant à accroître les capacités, individuelles et collectives, d’agir des très nombreux usagers-patients démunis qu’elle accueille afin d’améliorer leur santé et leurs conditions de vie. Cette expérimentation à visée de changement social rend nécessaires des arrangements partenariaux qu’une étude menée par le bas, selon les principes de la sociologie de l’action organisée, autorise à porter au jour. Il apparaît alors que la difficulté réside dans l’articulation entre, d’une part, la création, l’entretien et le bon fonctionnement des partenariats institutionnels induits par le projet et son financement et, d’autre part, les désajustements de ces derniers provoqués par des modes d’intervention associatifs proposant un modèle alternatif en santé.

Platinum Compounds as Stains for Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 230-231
Author(s):  
S. K. Aggarwal ◽  
P. McAllister ◽  
R. W. Wagner ◽  
B. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Sarcoma 180 ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Human Lymphoma ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Blue Coloration

Uranyl acetate has been used as an electron stain for en bloc staining as well as for staining ultrathin sections in conjunction with various lead stains (Fig. 1). Present studies reveal that various platinum compounds also show promise as electron stains. Certain platinum compounds have been shown to be effective anti-tumor agents. Of particular interest are the compounds with either uracil or thymine as one of the ligands (cis-Pt(II)-uracil; cis-Pt(II)-thymine). These compounds are amorphous, highly soluble in water and often exhibit an intense blue coloration. These compounds show enough electron density to be used as stains for electron microscopy. Most of the studies are based on various cell lines (human AV, cells, human lymphoma cells, KB cells, Sarcoma-180 ascites cells, chick fibroblasts and HeLa cells) while studies on tissue blocks are in progress.

Cellular Contacts Within the Interhemal Membrane of the Rat Placenta at Term

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 146-147
Author(s):  
William P. Jollie
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Aldehyde Fixation ◽  
Chorioallantoic Placenta

By routine EM preparative techniques, the tissues which, collectively, separate maternal and fetal bloods in the fully formed chorioallantoic placenta of the rat have been shown to consist of three chorionic layers, or trophoblast, and a layer of allantoic capillary endothelium [Fig. 1]. Relationships between these layers are best demonstrated by special techniques, viz., cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixation, collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide postfixation, and en bloc staining with uranyl acetate. By using this method on placentas at term, the cells of the outermost chorionic layer (Trophoblast 1) appear to be attached to each other by means of maculae adherentes which sometimes occur in clusters [Fig. 2].

Localization of pancreatic enzymes in ultrathin frozen sections stained with metal labeled antibody

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-91
Author(s):  
Kenjiro Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Pancreatic Enzymes ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Method

Localization of amylase,chymotrypsinogen and trypsinogen in pancreas was demonstrated by Yasuda and Coons (1966), by using fluorescent antibody method. These enzymes were naturally found in the zymogen granules. Among them, amylase showed a diffuse localization around the nucleus, in addition to the zymogen granules. Using ferritin antibody method, scattered ferritin granules were also found around the Golgi area (Yasuda et al.,1967). The recent advance in the tissue preparation enables the antigen to be localized in the ultrathin frozen sections, by applying the labeled antibodies onto the sections instead of staining the tissue en bloc.The present study deals with the comparison of the localization of amylase and lipase demonstrated by applying the bismuth-labeled, peroxidase-labeled and ferritin-labeled antibody methods on the ultrathin frozen sections of pancreas, and on the blocks of the same tissue.

Lead aspartate: a new en bloc stain for electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
J.R. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Thin Sectioning ◽  
High Alkalinity

In electron microscopy, lead is the metal most widely used for enhancing specimen contrast. Lead citrate requires a pH of 12 to stain thin sections of epoxy-embedded material rapidly and intensively. However, this high alkalinity tends to leach out enzyme reaction products, making lead citrate unsuitable for many cytochemical studies. Substitution of the chelator aspartate for citrate allows staining to be carried out at pH 6 or 7 without apparent effect on cytochemical products. Moreover, due to the low, controlled level of free lead ions, contamination-free staining can be carried out en bloc, prior to dehydration and embedding. En bloc use of lead aspartate permits the grid-staining step to be bypassed, allowing samples to be examined immediately after thin-sectioning.Procedures. To prevent precipitation of lead salts, double- or glass-distilled H20 used in the stain and rinses should be boiled to drive off carbon dioxide and glassware should be carefully rinsed to remove any persisting traces of calcium ion.

Quantitative EM of gap junction distribution in mutant drosophila wing discs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 720-721
Author(s):  
J.S. Ryerse
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Intercellular Junctions ◽  
Wing Disc ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Metabolic Cooperation ◽  
Drosophila Wing ◽  
Adult Wing ◽  
Wing Discs ◽  
Wing Pouch

Gap junctions are intercellular junctions found in both vertebrates and invertebrates through which ions and small molecules can pass. Their distribution in tissues could be of critical importance for ionic coupling or metabolic cooperation between cells or for regulating the intracellular movement of growth control and pattern formation factors. Studies of the distribution of gap junctions in mutants which develop abnormally may shed light upon their role in normal development. I report here the distribution of gap junctions in the wing pouch of 3 Drosophila wing disc mutants, vg (vestigial) a cell death mutant, 1(2)gd (lethal giant disc) a pattern abnormality mutant and 1(2)gl (lethal giant larva) a neoplastic mutant and compare these with wildtype wing discs.The wing pouch (the anlagen of the adult wing blade) of a wild-type wing disc is shown in Fig. 1 and consists of columnar cells (Fig. 5) joined by gap junctions (Fig. 6). 14000x EMs of conventionally processed, UA en bloc stained, longitudinally sectioned wing pouches were enlarged to 45000x with a projector and tracings were made on which the lateral plasma membrane (LPM) and gap junctions were marked.

Ultrastructural comparison of prolactin adenomas of pituitary in men and women

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 346-347
Author(s):  
R.C. Caughey ◽  
U.P. Kalyan-Raman
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Transmission Electron

Prolactin producing pituitary adenomas are ultrastructurally characterized by secretory granules varying in size (150-300nm), abundance of endoplasmic reticulum, and misplaced exocytosis. They are also subclassified as sparsely or densely granulated according to the amount of granules present. The hormone levels in men and women vary, being higher in men; so also the symptoms vary between both sexes. In order to understand this variation, we studied 21 prolactin producing pituitary adenomas by transmission electron microscope. This was out of a total of 80 pituitary adenomas. There were 6 men and 15 women in this group of 21 prolactinomas.All of the pituitary adenomas were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, rinsed in Millonig's phosphate buffer, and post fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide. They were then en bloc stained with 0.5% uranyl acetate, rinsed with Walpole's non-phosphate buffer, dehydrated with graded series of ethanols and embedded with Epon 812 epoxy resin.

Ruthenium red and alcian blue effects on outer structures of methanotrophic bacteria

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
T.A. Fassel ◽  
M.J. Schaller ◽  
C.C. Remsen
Keyword(s):  
Research Effort ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Outer Cell ◽  
Methanotrophic Bacteria ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Methylosinus Trichosporium ◽  
Wall Structures ◽  
Methylomonas Albus ◽  
Type Strains ◽  
Outer Cell Wall

Methane, a contributor to the “greenhouse effect”, is oxidized in the natural environment by methanotrophic bacteria. As part of a comprehensive research effort, we have been examining the ultrastructure of methanotrophs. These microorganisms have complex outer cell wall structures similar to those frequently found in other chemol itho- trophic bacteria. (1,2)In our work, we have focused on the “type” strains of Methylomonas albus BG8 and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b. Between Spurr and LR White embedding resins, we found a difference 1n the preservation of an outer cup layer of BG8 external to the peripheral membranes. Cells from the same sample embedded in Spurr consistently lacked this feature (FIG. 1). This effect was overcome by an en bloc ruthenium red (RR) protocol that resulted in successful retention of the cup layer in Spurr resin (FIG. 2). For OB3b cells, the en bloc RR protocol resulted in an exterior bead feature distinguishable in thin section (FIG. 4) that previously was seen only by SEM.

Osseointegration interface of calcified bone and endosseous implants

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1096-1097
Author(s):  
K.E. Krizan ◽  
J.E. Laffoon ◽  
M.J. Buckley
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Endosseous Implants ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
One Year ◽  
And Function

With increase use of tissue-integrated prostheses in recent years it is a goal to understand what is happening at the interface between haversion bone and bulk metal. This study uses electron microscopy (EM) techniques to establish parameters for osseointegration (structure and function between bone and nonload-carrying implants) in an animal model. In the past the interface has been evaluated extensively with light microscopy methods. Today researchers are using the EM for ultrastructural studies of the bone tissue and implant responses to an in vivo environment. Under general anesthesia nine adult mongrel dogs received three Brånemark (Nobelpharma) 3.75 × 7 mm titanium implants surgical placed in their left zygomatic arch. After a one year healing period the animals were injected with a routine bone marker (oxytetracycline), euthanized and perfused via aortic cannulation with 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.2. Implants were retrieved en bloc, harvest radiographs made (Fig. 1), and routinely embedded in plastic. Tissue and implants were cut into 300 micron thick wafers, longitudinally to the implant with an Isomet saw and diamond wafering blade [Beuhler] until the center of the implant was reached.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document