scholarly journals Psychological Harassment in the Workplace

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 286-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Faulx ◽  
Sophie Delvaux ◽  
Jean-Pierre Brun
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Psychological Harassment ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

From a case-study based on an analysis model, which takes into account four levels of explanation (personal, interpersonal, group and organizational), and includes the study of the interactions between these different levels, this report puts forward six observations: (1) the importance of performing the analysis on several levels, (2) the existence within harassment situations of two types of process (victimizing and conflictual), (3) the fact that these processes can co-exist at different levels of analysis, (4) the existence of interactions between processes, (5) the variability of a situation across time, and (6) the necessity of distinguishing two categories of influence involved in contextual processes. From these conclusions, the authors develop a new analysis model, which is process-based, integrative and dynamic.

scholarly journals Internationalizing higher education: from grand plans to evolving responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefika Mertkan ◽  
Ilkay Gilanlioglu ◽  
Simon McGrath
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reciprocal Influence ◽  
Education Leaders ◽  
Higher Education Leaders ◽  
Different Levels

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the complexity of developing into an international institution from the perspective of higher education leaders through the case study of one institution engaged in institutional transformation. Design/methodology/approach This study employs the qualitative approach and involves in-depth interviews with key institutional managers. Findings Findings suggest internationalization is a dynamic change process that goes beyond the rational and predictive elements of internationalization and cannot be confined to the rational planning and grand plans solely at institutional level. Reciprocal influence of different levels of analysis – institution, society and the nation – needs to be acknowledged and internationalization efforts need to go beyond the confines of the institution and extend into the society and the nation as a whole. Originality/value Internationalization of higher education has been widely examined, but the reciprocal influence of different levels of analysis on the internationalization efforts of higher education institutions is thin to which this paper contributes.

scholarly journals Productivity Metrics and Its Implementations in Construction Projects: A Case Study of Singapore

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12132
Author(s):  
Ming Shan ◽  
Yu-Shan Li ◽  
Bon-Gang Hwang ◽  
Jia-En Chua
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Construction Productivity ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Project Company ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Design Score ◽  
Assessment Results

Although some studies have used or developed different types of metrics to assess construction productivity in the existing literature, few of them investigated those metrics systematically and the differences between assessment results. This study examined the various types of metrics used in the assessment of the productivity of construction projects. First, a literature review was conducted first to identify prevailing productivity metrics at four levels, namely trade, project, company, and industry. Then, the questionnaire was developed and disseminated to 53 Singapore-based construction companies for data collection. Subsequently, non-parametric statistical tests were conducted to analyze the data collected by the questionnaire. Results showed that the top five metrics in terms of usage frequency and relative importance were “constructability score”, “buildable design score”, “square meter of built-up floor area per man-day”, “square meter per dollar”, and “output per worker.” In addition, results showed that differences existed in the assessment results when productivity metrics at different levels were used to conduct the same measurement. This is the first study to explore the most widely used metrics in productivity assessments of construction projects and investigate possible differences in assessment results. This study could help the authorities to review, evaluate, and modify the productivity metrics used in practice. Thus, this study is beneficial to the practice as well.

The Mechnisms of Swedish–Finnish Language Shift

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Marika Tandefelt
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Bilingual Individual ◽  
Different Levels

This paper attempts to combia a theoretical model of analysis with the empirical findings from a case study concerning shift. It seems that the process of language shift ought to be studied from an ecological point of view considering different levels of explanation. In the case of the Swedishpeaking minority in Finland, a description confined to the societal level would imply that the minority holds a secure position. On the other hand it is clear that certain subgroups within the minority shift to Finish. The results from a case study suggest that every miniority memeber occupies a key position in the process of language shift. Every attempt to save a language should therefore start with the bilingual individual.

Putting up barriers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Lobina
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Neural Underpinnings ◽  
Different Levels

The study of cognitive phenomena is best approached in an orderly manner. It must begin with an analysis of the function in intension at the heart of any cognitive domain (its knowledge base), then proceed to the manner in which such knowledge is put into use in real-time processing, concluding with a domain’s neural underpinnings, its development in ontogeny, etc. Such an approach to the study of cognition involves the adoption of different levels of explanation/description, as prescribed by David Marr and many others, each level requiring its own methodology and supplying its own data to be accounted for. The study of recursion in cognition is badly in need of a systematic and well-ordered approach, and this chapter lays out the blueprint to be followed in the book by focusing on a strict separation between how this notion applies in linguistic knowledge and how it manifests itself in language processing.

scholarly journals Digital Twin for Designing and Reconfiguring Human–Robot Collaborative Assembly Lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Niki Kousi ◽  
Christos Gkournelos ◽  
Sotiris Aivaliotis ◽  
Konstantinos Lotsaris ◽  
Angelos Christos Bavelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
Assembly Lines ◽  
Flexible Assembly ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Collaborative Assembly ◽  
Geometrical Information ◽  
Line Level ◽  
Dual Arm ◽  
Different Levels

This paper discusses a digital twin-based approach for designing and redesigning flexible assembly systems. The digital twin allows modeling the parameters of the production system at different levels including assembly process, production station, and line level. The approach allows dynamically updating the digital twin in runtime, synthesizing data from multiple 2D–3D sensors in order to have up-to-date information about the actual production process. The model integrates both geometrical information and semantics. The model is used in combination with an artificial intelligence logic in order to derive alternative configurations of the production system. The overall approach is discussed with the help of a case study coming from the automotive industry. The case study introduces a production system integrating humans and autonomous mobile dual arm workers.

scholarly journals The Importance of Environmental Factors in the Planning of Container Terminals: The Case Study of the Port of Augusta

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2153
Author(s):  
Nadia Giuffrida ◽  
Maja Stojaković ◽  
Elen Twrdy ◽  
Matteo Ignaccolo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Container Terminal ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Container Terminals ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
Different Levels

Container terminals are the main hubs of the global supply chain but, conversely, they play an important role in energy consumption, environmental pollution and even climate change due to carbon emissions. Assessing the environmental impact of this type of port terminal and choosing appropriate mitigation measures is essential to pursue the goals related to a clean environment and ensuring a good quality of life of the inhabitants of port cities. In this paper the authors present a Terminal Decision Support Tool (TDST) for the development of a container terminal that considers both operation efficiency and environmental impacts. The TDST provides environmental impact mitigation measures based on different levels of evolution of the port’s container traffic. An application of the TDST is conducted on the Port of Augusta (Italy), a port that is planning infrastructural interventions in coming years in order to gain a new role as a reference point for container traffic in the Mediterranean.

unrechtliche peinliche schmehung oder dem gemeinen nutz nuetzlich?Eine Fallstudie zur Normenkonkurrenz im Schmähschriftprozess des 16. Jahrhunderts

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Jan Siegemund
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractLibel played an important and extraordinary role in early modern conflict culture. The article discusses their functions and the way they were assessed in court. The case study illustrates argumentative spaces and different levels of normative references in libel trials in 16th century electoral Saxony. In 1569, Andreas Langener – in consequence of a long stagnating private conflict – posted several libels against the nobleman Tham Pflugk in different public places in the city of Dresden. Consequently, he was arrested and charged with ‘libelling’. Depending on the reference to conflicting social and legal norms, he had therefore been either threatened with corporal punishment including his execution, or rewarded with laudations. In this case, the act of libelling could be seen as slander, but also as a service to the community, which Langener had informed about potentially harmful transgression of norms. While the common good was the highest maxim, different and sometimes conflicting legally protected interests had to be discussed. The situational decision depended on whether the articulated charges where true and relevant for the public, on the invective language, and especially on the quality and size of the public sphere reached by the libel.

scholarly journals Natural resource abundance and eminent domain: A case study from Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Obeng-Odoom
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Eminent Domain ◽  
Resource Abundance ◽  
Local Impacts ◽  
Compulsory Purchase ◽  
Oil City ◽  
Different Levels

This Viewpoint article draws on the doctrine of eminent domain (or compulsory purchase) as an analytical framework to analyse the regional and local impacts of a new source of oil. Sekondi-Takoradi, an oil city located in Ghana, West Africa, is used as a case study to explore the differentiated experiences of local people. The article shows that, although there are complex distributional issues that require different levels of compensation and betterment to be assessed and paid for, it is unlikely that they will, in fact, even be considered.

scholarly journals Phenomena of Illusory Form: Can We Bridge the Gap between Levels of Explanation?

Perception ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1333-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Spillmann ◽  
Birgitta Dresp
Keyword(s):  
Feature Detection ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Form Perception ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Occluded Objects ◽  
Neurophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
Partially Occluded ◽  
Different Levels

The study of illusory brightness and contour phenomena has become an important tool in modern brain research. Gestalt, cognitive, neural, and computational approaches are reviewed and their explanatory powers are discussed in the light of empirical data. Two well-known phenomena of illusory form are dealt with, the Ehrenstein illusion and the Kanizsa triangle. It is argued that the gap between the different levels of explanation, bottom—up versus top—down, creates scientific barriers which have all too often engendered unnecessary debate about who is right and who is wrong. In this review of the literature we favour an integrative approach to the question of how illusory form is derived from stimulus configurations which provide the visual system with seemingly incomplete information. The processes that can explain the emergence of these phenomena range from local feature detection to global strategies of perceptual organisation. These processes may be similar to those that help us restore partially occluded objects in everyday vision. To understand better the Ehrenstein and Kanizsa illusions, it is proposed that different levels of analysis and explanation are not mutually exclusive, but complementary. Theories of illusory contour and form perception must, therefore, take into account the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms and their possible interactions with cognitive and attentional processes.

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