scholarly journals Rationalité et sélection naturelle en économie

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Lagueux
Keyword(s):  
Milton Friedman ◽  
Sélection Naturelle

RÉSUMÉ Depuis la parution, en 1950, du célèbre article d'Armen Alchian, il est devenu assez fréquent d'invoquer la sélection naturelle pour appuyer certaines conclusions de l'économie néoclassique. Toute sélection n'étant toutefois pas de type « darwinien », il importe de bien distinguer les arguments qui invoquent la sélection naturelle au sens strict et les arguments crypto-téléologiques qui s'apparenteraientplutôt à un évolutionnisme de type lamarckien. A l'aide de quelques exemples fictifs, dont deux sont empruntés à un essai méthodologique de Milton Friedman de 1953, il est soutenu que les économistes doivent choisir entre des explications prétendument fondées sur la sélection naturelle et des explications fondées sur le principe de rationalité. Plus généralement, il est montré en conclusion, à l'aide de deux exemples supplémentaires, que les explications reposant sur des mécanismes impersonnels et celles reposant sur des activités intentionnelles ne peuvent être invoquées concurremment.

Note sur la théorie monétaire de Milton Friedman

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Milton Friedman

Milton Friedman (1912-2006)

2007 ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Julio H. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Free Market Economy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Milton Friedman ◽  
Television Documentary ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
World Class ◽  
Policy Arena

Milton Friedman, who died in the early morning of November 16, 2006, was a world-famous economist, and an ardent and effective advocate of the free market economy. Much of his celebrity derived from his role as public intellectual, an aspect of his work that was reflected largely in popular books, such as Capitalism and Freedom (1962) and the hugely successful Free to Choose (1980) -both co-authored with his wife, Rose (and the latter based on the television documentary of the same title)- and in the Newsweek opinion columns he wrote for many years. Though he was already well-known by the time he received the Nobel Prize in Economics, in 1976, both his stature as public figure and his effectiveness as policy advocate were greatly enhanced by that award, and this is what has been mostly stressed in the vast outpouring of obituaries and public testimonials prompted by his recent passing. It is important to recall, however, that there was another aspect of his career, one which most professional economists (and probably Friedman himself) would regard as far more important than his incursions in the policy arena. Indeed, even if "Friedman the public intellectual" had never existed, "Friedman the economic scientist" would still be renowned and respected (though perhaps not as a bona fide world-class celebrity), and his memory will live long in the lore of economics It is primarily this other aspect of his life and work that I wish to focus on in this essay.

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