scholarly journals Socio-Cultural Characteristics Found in Russian-Korean Translation of Metaphoric Expressions

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Short History ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Dynamic Activity ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Metaphoric Expression ◽  
Diverse Cultures ◽  
Additional Explanation

Abstract Translation is an act of communication across dissimilar cultures as well as a dynamic activity in which translators are required to make choices and decisions for the purpose of resolving problems. This paper draws on metaphoric expressions and their translations to recapitulate that the work of translation is not limited to the languages or the texts involved but is a dynamic activity that bridges two diverse cultures. Metaphoric expressions are non-literal, have implied meanings, and are used to emphasize a point or to enhance the expression’s impressibility. Furthermore, metaphoric expressions are affected greatly by the culture to which they belong because they are created through a complex interaction between object, image, and sense. Consequently, in order to properly communicate the true meanings of these metaphoric expressions, translators play the role of an active mediator by either replacing the metaphoric expression found in ST with a different but compatible metaphoric expression or by using non-metaphoric, descriptive expressions or by appending additional explanation. This paper uses Korean translations of metaphoric expressions found in Russian source texts as examples to discuss the socio-cultural differences between the two cultures, how these characteristics are revealed in Russian-Korean translations, and how these issues are overcome. Based on the research results, the paper also emphasizes that understanding the vastly different socio-cultural characteristics of these two cultures is essential to the field of Russian-Korean translation with its relatively short history, to not only improve the quality of translations but also for the field’s continual advancements.

Trust in the Workplace: The Role of Social Interaction Diversity in the Community and in the Workplace

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Cui ◽  
Ilan Vertinsky ◽  
Sandra Robinson ◽  
Oana Branzei
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The Impact

Extending the literature on social capital development in the community, this article examines the impact of diverse social interactions (in the community and the workplace) on the development of social trust in the workplace, and investigates whether their effects differ in individualistic and collectivistic cultures. Using survey data collected in Canada and China, the authors find that the diversity of one’s social interactions in the community is positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, and this relationship is not significantly different between the two cultures. Diversity of one’s social interactions in the workplace is also positively associated with one’s social trust in the workplace, though only in collectivistic cultures.

Benford in His Own Words

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Slusser
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Of California ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Rhetorical Devices ◽  
Cultural Phenomenon ◽  
The Two Cultures

This chapter considers the series of essays Gregory Benford wrote for University of California Riverside's Eaton Conference from 1979 to 2009. It explores Benford's personal vision by connecting the various threads of his essays, including his analysis of J. G. Ballard's term of “experience” from the point of view of the “intuitionist” school of natural philosophy; the process of alien ingestion; the narrative and rhetorical devices needed to achieve what he calls that “falsely quiet” moment when the practicing scientist senses the possibility of alien encounter; the role of aliens in science fiction; his use of the cyberpunk phenomenon to denounce what he sees as the disturbing rise of fantasy as a cultural phenomenon; and the two-cultures gap in science fiction.

scholarly journals Sir Peter Medawar: science, creativity and the popularization of Karl Popper

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Calver
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Literary Practice ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Public Role ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Way

Sir Peter Medawar was respected by scientists and literati alike. It was perhaps not surprising, then, that he would choose to involve himself in the ‘two cultures’ debate of 1959 and beyond. The focus of his intervention was the philosophy of Sir Karl Popper. However, Medawar's Popper was not the guru of falsification familiar from philosophy textbooks. Medawar's distinctive interpretation of Popper treated him instead as the source of insights into the role of creativity and imagination in scientific inquiry. This paper traces the context for Medawar's adoption of Popperian philosophy, together with its application before the debate. It then examines, within the context of the debate itself, the way in which Medawar attempted to reconcile scientific inquiry with literary practice. Medawar became increasingly convinced that not only was induction epistemologically unsound, but it was also damaging to the public role of the scientist. His construction of Popperianism would, he envisaged, provide a worthy alternative for scientists’ self-image.

scholarly journals The importance of picking Porter: the Royal Institution, George Porter and the two cultures, 1959–64

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Cole
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Science And Society ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Future Role ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Scientific Director

This paper examines the cultural reasons why in 1964 the Royal Institution (RI) selected George Porter, who became the only person so far to have been Director of the Royal Institution (1966–85), President of the Royal Society (1985–90) and President of the British Association (1985–86) at the same time, to succeed William Lawrence Bragg as the institution's scientific director and resident professor. Porter was established as first choice by an inner group of RI Managers before the formal selection process began. In this article I argue that Porter won their favour by presenting himself, during his tenure as the RI's Professor of Chemistry (1963–66), as a candidate who fitted well with the Managers' ideas about the future role of the RI—ideas that were deeply influenced by the prevailing technocratic visions of ‘science and society’, particularly C. P. Snow's writings on the ‘two cultures’.

scholarly journals Crossing the Borders of Language and Culture: Samuel Beckett’s "Waiting for Godot"

Text Matters ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Uchman
Keyword(s):  
Short Discussion ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Waiting For Godot ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
French Original ◽  
Insight Into

The aim of the paper is to compare four versions of the text of Waiting for Godot: the French original, Beckett’s own translation into English and two Polish renderings done by Julian Rogoziński and Antoni Libera. The article starts with a short discussion concerning rules governing the translation process and then its evaluation. While working on the transposition of the French original into English, Beckett introduced numerous changes, this being due to his sensitivity to the very quality of each of the languages and specific references characteristic of the two cultures. Antoni Libera, an expert in Beckett’s oeuvre, argues that Beckett’s translations should be more adequately described as second language versions and that the artist recommended further translations based on his two language versions. Libera himself followed this recommendation while translating Beckett’s works into Polish. Upon publication, he provided illuminating notes, shedding light on the differences in Beckett’s versions and providing critical insight into the texts. Julian Rogoziński, on the other hand, based his translation of Waiting for Godot only on the French original. This accounts for the fact that, at times, his rendering of the text lacks precision and may not even be quite understandable. Rogoziński’s version is less satisfactory than that of Libera due to the fact that it was written earlier and by an older man, which at times results in the use of old-fashioned, outdated Polish diction and structures.

Pride

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-23
Author(s):  
Angeliki Athanasiadou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Cultural Framework ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Metaphor And Metonymy ◽  
The Way

Abstract The aim of the paper1 is to discuss the linguistic and conceptual devices employed for the expression of the emotion of pride in English and Greek culture. The focus will be (a) on the way the emotion of pride is conceptualized in the two cultures, (b) on the way it is expressed, not only in terms of lexical entities but also in terms of expressions in which the two cognitive processes, metaphor and metonymy, feature, and moreover, how the interplay between them is realized, and (c) on the role of the emotion of pride in the English and Greek cultural framework.

Taijin Kyofusho and Social Phobia Symptoms in Young Adults in England and in Japan

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia A. Essau ◽  
Satoko Sasagawa ◽  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Yuji Sakano
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Taijin Kyofusho

The main aims of the present study were to compare the frequency of social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms among young adults in Japan and in England and to examine the role of family environment in the development of these two conditions. A total of 927 young adults (462 in England and 465 in Japan) between the ages of 19 and 24 were investigated. They completed a set of questionnaires that were used to measure social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms, as well as family background. Results showed that young adults in Japan reported significantly higher levels of taijin kyofusho and social phobia symptoms than young adults in England. Family sociability had a consistent effect on both social phobia and taijin kyofusho symptoms across the two cultures, but parental rearing attitudes showed distinct patterns between the two countries. This finding suggests that cross-cultural models need to consider familial factors that may be predictive across cultures and others that may be more culturally specific.

scholarly journals Non -verbal Politeness in English Etiquette Books and Prophetic Sunnah

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Muhammed Badeaꞌ Ahmed ◽  
Ayhan Abdul Mun’im Ghaffori
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expression ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Communication ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
High Degree

Non-verbal politeness is an important feature that characterizes human communication. Through this type of communication one can find a high degree of sophistication and civility in the language of the body, as this type of language can say and express more than language itself. Thus, there should be a use of certain cues to express courtesy and politeness such as: facial expression, eye contact, gestures, posture, and proxemics. This study aims at explaining the role of the different forms of non-verbal politeness in Prophetic Sunnah and the British etiquette books in particular, then analyzing these texts within the eclectic model of this study, highlighting points of similarity and difference between the two cultures. It is hypothesized that the two cultures display different orientations to the ways of acting non-verbally. The model adopted in this study is Martin and Nakayama (2010) with reference to Andersen (1999), Poyatos (2002) and Koneru (2008) within the framework of Brown and Levinson’s model of politeness and in accordance with Hofstede's (2001) cultural values. The main conclusions of the current study are: (i) Non-verbal politeness almost goes hand in hand with other forms of verbal politeness. (ii) Non-verbal politeness is employed differently in both the Prophetic Sunnah and English etiquette books. (iii) Islamic Sunnah as compared to English etiquette books concentrates on cordiality and maintaining positive politeness among Muslims, while English etiquette texts emphasize individuality and negative politeness.

scholarly journals ‘Exile, Secrecy, and Cunning’: Cultural Translation and Hybridity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior

MANUSYA ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-42
Author(s):  
Chutima Pragatwutisarn
Keyword(s):  
Chinese American ◽  
American Identity ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Gendered Identity ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
Woman Warrior ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
The Woman Warrior

This article discusses the construction of Chinese-American identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior. Kingston’s book reveals the role of storytelling in the construction of ethnic (and gendered) identity as the author narrates her personal experiences through the reconstruction of myths, legends, and ‘talk stories’ she inherited from her mother. The method Kingston uses to make sense of these stories is that of translation. Translation refers to a performance of ethnic and gendered identity in Kingston’s narrative. Here the complex identity known as Chinese-American is not an accumulation of discrete, distinct cultures, ‘Chinese and American’. As a result of translating between these different positions, Chinese-American in Kingston’s The Woman Warrior designates a new identity, one that exposes the fictions of any closed categories, either Chinese or American. This process of self-definition is represented in terms of Kingston’s rewriting of stories of her ethnic culture in an attempt to reclaim them as her own and to make their meaning relevant to her American context. This Chinese-American identity as a product of discursive practice transcends the monolithic conception of Chinese and American cultures. It is in Kingston’s struggle to find her own voice that she tentatively combines the two cultures and reconciles herself with her mother.

scholarly journals TRANSLATION AS A MEAN FOR INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: THE LATEST LITERARY TRANSLATIONS FROM UKRAINIAN TO ROMANIAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Aliona Bivolaru
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Intercultural Relations ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The Two Cultures ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this article is to present literary translations from Ukrainian to Romanian in the context of Romanian-Ukrainian intercultural relations. The specificity of translation is analyzed as a special type of interlingual and intercultural communication. It also considers the role of the translator as facilitator of the connections between different societies and cultures, highlighting the main translators from the contemporary period of Ukrainian literature in Romania, as well as the literary translations from the 90s to the 20th century, which have generated literary reviews and studies in the Romanian cultural space. In the same context for the lack of a complete image of the Ukrainian literature were given explanations in the consciousness of the Romanian reader. The article did not address the topic of the Romanian literary critics of the Ukrainian literature, who wrote works of great significance for the Ukrainian literature, but most of them are in Ukrainian, thus they did not contribute to a better knowledge of the Ukrainian literature among the Romanian readers. Starting from the idea that the Ukrainians over time had a different image in the eyes of the Romanians, from negative stereotypes, to better understanding the Ukrainian problems after the events on the Maidan and targeting of the Ukrainian problems by the Romanian media. Thus Ukraine became interesting for Romanians, hence the increased interest in literary translation, as one of the bridges that make the connection between the two cultures. The translation also facilitates the reader’s understanding and perception regarding the Ukrainian nation and the culture of the Ukrainian people.

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