scholarly journals Redefining Translation Competence in an Electronic Age. In Defence of a Minimalist Approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pym
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
Translator Training ◽  
Multicomponent Model ◽  
Professional Change

Abstract Since the 1970s the notion of “translation competence” has been viewed as at least 1) a mode of bilingualism, open to linguistic analysis, 2) a question of market demands, given to extreme historical and social change, 3) a multicomponent competence, involving sets of skills that are linguistic, cultural, technological and professional, and 4) a “supercompetence” that would somehow stand above the rest. The general trend among theorists has been to expand the multicomponent model so as to bring new skills and proficiencies into the field of translator training. This trend may be expected to continue with the increasing use of electronic tools. Here it is argued, however, that the multicomponential expansions of competence are partly grounded in institutional interests and are conceptually flawed in that they will always be one or two steps behind market demands. On the other hand, a simple minimalist concept of translation competence, based on the production then elimination of alternatives, can help orient translator training in times of rapid technological and professional change.

scholarly journals Wieloaspektowość międzyjęzykowej ekwiwalencji stałych połączeń wyrazowych a ujęcie onomazjologiczne na przykładzie frazeologizmów typu tęga głowa

2020 ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Joanna Szerszunowicz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Lexical Item ◽  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Multiword Expressions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minor Significance ◽  
The Cross

The aim of this paper is to discuss the usefulness and reliability of the onomasiological approach in the cross-linguistic analysis of fixed multiword expressions based on the example of Polish phrases coined according to the model: ADJECTIVENOM FEM SING + GŁOWA ‘HEAD’ and their English and Italian counterparts. The three corpora are constituted by expressions registered in general and phraseological dictionaries of the respective languages to ensure that the units belong to the canon of Polish, English and Italian phraseological stock. The analysis of units collected for the purpose of the study clearly shows that in order to determine the true picture of cross-linguistic equivalence, the study should be focused on semantics of analysed phrases. Furthermore, the formal aspectmay be of minor significance in some cases due to the similarity of imagery of a source language idiom and the target language lexical item. On the other hand, stylistic value may have a great impact on the relation of cross-linguistic correspondence of the analysed units.

scholarly journals Cyclical theories of social change: Spengler and Toynbee

Sociologija ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-312
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Kaurin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The West ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Cycles ◽  
Proper Unit ◽  
Oswald Spengler

This paper is centrally concerned with discussing critically and rethinking the theoretical concepts put forward by Oswald Spengler in Decline of the West and Arnold Toynbee in A Study of History. It focuses on the theoretical, heuristic and epistemological value of these theories in the era of renaissance of philosophic history in some quarters (see for example Graham, 2002) and cooperation between social sciences. Spengler is credited with the idea of historical cycles, rethinking of the progressivist view and discovering a radically different approach to the study of the human past, which is embodied in his idea of culture as the proper unit for historical and sociological study. However, some of his views proved to be intrinsically intellectually dubious, but on the whole, his was a major contribution to the study of social change. Arnold Toynbee on the other hand was more empirically and sociologically oriented, while Spengler?s views are more heavily philosophical. Toynbee partly developed his ideas rather consistently, but at the same time included many unclear and inaccurate points in his theory. Both authors can be rightfully considered to be classical authors in this field and both provided incentive for studies that cross-cut social sciences (philosophy, history, sociology). Moreover, Decline of the West and A Study of History are truly post-disciplinary works.

scholarly journals Fundamentalist and tolerant islamic discourse in john updike’s terrorist and jonathan wright’s translation the televangelist: a corpus-based critical discourse analysis of semantic prosody

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam Ahmed Mohamed Othman
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Semantic Prosody

Corpus-based critical discourse analysis studies have gained momentum in the last decade. Corpus Linguistics allowed critical discourse analysts to avoid bias in data selection and enlarge their samples for more representative findings. Critical Discourse Analysis, on the other hand, gave depth to corpus linguistic analysis by contextualizing it. The present study combines the two approaches to analyze the semantic prosody of Islamic keywords common to John Updike's Terrorist published in 2006 and Jonathan Wright’s translation The Televangelist published in 2016. The results of the corpus-based analysis show that while the semantic prosody of Islamic keywords is negative in Updike’s novel, it is highly positive in the translated novel. The conclusion is that Van Dijk’s proposition of the polarized representation of ‘us’ versus ‘them’ holds for Updike’s fundamentalist Islamic discourse which negatively represents Islam and Muslims. However, Van Dijk’s proposition holds only partially for Wright's tolerant Islamic discourse which positively represents Islam and Muslims without misrepresenting the other.

scholarly journals Menelaah Pembagian Profesi Catur Warna ditinjau dari Implementasi Ajaran Catur Asrama

Dharma Duta ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tardi Edung
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Caste System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rule Of Life

Social change is bound to happen and this continues as long as there is life on this earth. Increasing the individual's social status in society occurs in accordance with the profession occupied, change and increase one's position is absolutely there. How is the social status of an individual seen from the teachings of boarding chess. The problematic of life is quite diverse and complex, requiring individuals to live governed by the rules, norms and rules that exist in that society and none of them may deny it. Caste is the profession of a person in society who forms themselves in groups, natural arrangements. Color / caste depicts the characteristic spirit which is synthesis in Hindu mind with belief towards collaboration from race and cooperation from culture, caste system is the result of tolerance and belief. On the other hand racial color / caste is the emphasis of definite differences in human groups that cannot possibly be erased or destroyed by social change. This teaching determines whether an individual is respectable or not in his position in a homogeneous and multicultural society based on values ​​and norms as a rule of life. Transition of individual social status is adjusted to the profession occupied in society, both based on knowledge, appreciation in the form of honor and power. Changes in the profession can occur because of science, maturation of a household, self-introspection and leaving all positions in this world to more complex stages. Boarding Chess gives direction to the position of individuals in society

Editorial Policy: Texts and Translations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary-Ann Constantine ◽  
Éva Guillorel
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Minimalist Approach ◽  
Printed Text ◽  
Internal Division ◽  
Policy Texts

The ballad texts in Breton reproduce the spelling of individual collectors, and are thus markedly different from each other, since Breton orthography varies across time and across the dialect regions, and collectors had their own ways of noting down songs. The internal division of songs into couplets or verses, on the other hand, has in a very few cases been altered for ease of reading. We have opted for a minimalist approach to punctuation – these words were sung, not written, after all – and we have, for the same reasons, reduced the sometimes dense punctuation of many of the Breton texts. It should be noted here, too, that the songs on the accompanying CD are not always the same versions as the printed text, but variant versions of the same ballad, often collected considerably later. Each ballad text is accompanied by an analysis which provides further context for the song – and, where known, information about the circumstances of its collection. A short bibliography notes any further studies of the piece in order of relevance....

Levels of linguistic variation in Durham

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Kerswill
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Lexical Variation ◽  
Other Hand

Sociolinguistic studies have shown that variation may occur on any of the accepted levels of linguistic analysis. Variation on the phonological level has been the most commonly treated in studies of English from Labov's (1966) New York study onwards. By contrast, it is rather rare that we find studies of morphological or lexical variation (the latter being the variation in the lexical form of words, for example, the Belfast alternation of /Λ/ and /Λ/ in the word foot (L. Milroy, 1980: 118)). However, morphological and lexical variation has been favoured in studies of some other languages, for instance Norwegian (Fintoft & Mjaavatn, 1980; Kerswill, 1985a), Swedish (Thelander, 1982) and Persian (Jahangiri & Hudson, 1982). On the other hand, studies of syntactic and prosodie variation have been altogether much less common (but see Cheshire, 1982; Local, 1982). In spite of differences in emphasis, the various methodologies used have all had the aim of discovering co-variation between linguistic and non-linguistic parameters.

The Study of ‘Social Change’ in British West Africa

Africa ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Little
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
West Africa ◽  
The Other ◽  
Western Civilization ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Electric Light ◽  
Opening Paragraph ◽  
Foreign Consumption

Opening ParagraphA visitor to West Africa today will find most of the conventional trappings of a western civilization. He can travel on trains and in motor-cars and airplanes, and stay at rest-houses equipped with electric light and a flushed toilet. He can visit African homes furnished in the latest western style in which there is refrigeration and cooking is done by electricity. He will see Africans working in shops, offices, and factories, growing crops for foreign consumption, and leasing and renting land. He will visit churches and schools, play outdoor games, attend dances, performances of amateur dramatics, baby shows, and buy a flag for charity—all these activities being organized by Africans. On the other hand, he will also see a majority of Africans living in huts of wattle and daub and of grass, herding cattle, and cultivating their farms and plots with home-made implements, pounding their food in mortars, crossing rivers in dug-out canoes, dancing to the music of wooden drums, and worshipping ancient gods and spirits.

scholarly journals RECONSTRUCTION OF ISLAMIC FAMILY LAW IN THE FIELD OF LEGAL INHERITANCE IN RELIGIOUS PLURALISM AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO NATIONAL LAW (Ijtihad Study Of Judges Of Religious Court On Development Of Inheritance Law In The Compilation Of Islamic Law)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Religious Pluralism ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Values ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Legal Discovery

The juridical-theological-philosophical distinction of religion is one of the obstacles of a person to be an heir. On the other hand, empirically-historically-sociologically isnot so, because of the existence of illat or other reasons that allow a person of different religions to gain inheritance from the heirs who are Muslims by considering the factors of justice. It is an act of makrufconstructive ‘wasiatwajibah’ to the relatives in need and oriented towards human values, usefulness and benefit which need to be realized in pluralist society of diverse life. It can contribute to the national law which is the result of ijtihad in the form of development of compilation The Islamic Law texts (tahrij al-ahkam 'alanash al-qanun) as a form of legal discovery with a progressive paradigm in realizing the function of the judiciary that the judiciary is a tool of social change.

'This is a cage for migrants': the rise of racism and the challenges for social work in the Greek context

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitra-Dora Teloni ◽  
Regina Mantanika
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Core Values ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Culture Of Silence

Greece has been an emblematic case for the European Union's implementation of anti-immigration securitisation and externalisation. These policies have been translated into non-tolerance and intimidation towards certain populations, which, in turn, has resulted in more and more violent forms of the rejection of migration, which has become mainstream. Parallel to this are racist attacks, pogroms and acts of violence committed by neo-Nazi groups. On the other hand, a growing anti-racist movement has emerged in the form of human rights defence and solidarity networks and anti-racist resistance. This article aims to show the ways in which the rise of situations of rejection and racism have come to challenge the work of social workers and to understand how social work can be rearticulated with regard to its core values of social change and social justice, the antithesis of the profession's traditional 'neutrality' and 'culture of silence'.

scholarly journals The legal status of the psychologist in the courtroom

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
Psychological Testimony

In discussing the legal status of the psychologist in the courtroom, the more important but hidden issue of the social status of the psychologist must also be explored. Thus, although psychologists now routinely testify as expert witnesses on a whole range of issues in criminal and civil matters, a perception lingers in the minds of judges and jurors that the psychologist is a “second-rate” expert compared to the forensic psychiatrist. The roots of this assumption are examined, and it is suggested that psychologists themselves have helped perpetuate this myth. On the other hand, psychologists clearly do have special skills and techniques uniquely preparing them for certain courtroom work; in addition, participation in the judicial process enables psychologists to serve as advocates for social change. Psychologists must thus confront the background of the anticourtroom bias and educate all participants in the litigation process as to the need for appropriate psychological testimony.

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