Temples and Mysteries in Romantic Infidel Writing

2009 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Martin Priestman
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Religious Imagery ◽  
First Cause ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

Abstract Not all apparently religious imagery in Romantic Period writing is in fact religious. Temples—particularly when presided over by a priestess and linked with the ideas of reason or nature—often denote active hostility to Christianity if not to all religion. Examples from the Temple of Reason in revolutionary Paris to Shelley are considered, as well as references to Eleusinian and other Greek Mystery cults, seen as revealing hidden truths to an elite while concealing them from the masses. For Coleridge, these truths were quasi-Christian; for many others, they were materialistic and religiously subversive, but suppressed for political reasons. Hints of the latter position are briefly examined in Godwin, Richard Payne Knight, and Blake, as are some parallels in Freemasonry. Perhaps the fullest poetic use of temple and Mystery imagery is in The Temple of Nature (1803) by Erasmus Darwin, grandfather of Charles, whose evolutionary theory it anticipates. Despite a brief deistic identification of God as First Cause, its opening uses an exciting technique of imagistic montage to overthrow the story of Adam and Eve as a vulgar myth, to be replaced by an Eleusinian-style initiation of the few into the truths of the materialist self-sufficiency of nature. Its elaboration of these images makes it a crucial reference-point for their use in religiously unorthodox Romantic period literature.

“I Turned away from the Temple”: Sethian Counterculture in the Apocryphon of John

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Grant Adamson
Keyword(s):  
Frame Story ◽  
Adam And Eve ◽  
The Temple

In the myth as well as the frame story of the Apocryphon of John, Sethian conflict with others is narrativized. For instance, Adam and Eve withdraw from the biblical creator just as John turns away from the temple in Jerusalem after an altercation with a Jewish antagonist. The gnostic authors of the text portrayed the creator so negatively that he is incomparable with most demiurgic figures in Platonism, Judaism, and Christianity. Their ignorant, boastful, jealous and apostate Ialdabaoth was shocking to their ancient opponents. And for modern scholars, this countercultural vilification of the creator makes it difficult to categorize the authors of the apocryphon in Platonic, Jewish, or Christian terms.

scholarly journals The Masses and the Elite: the Conception of Social Inequality in 1840s Scandinavian Literature

Romantik ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Schiedermair
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Present Article ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Elite Theory ◽  
The People ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Scandinavian Literature

The opposition between the masses and the elite is the constituting formula by which the classic texts of elite theory justified social inequality around 1900. Nowadays, contemporary theorists of social inequality interpret this opposition primarily as a panic reaction to demographic developments that occurred towards the end of the 19th century. Uncovering the same mechanisms in fiction from that period is an obvious task for literary scholars. In the present article, however, it will be argued that the ‘true’ contemporaries of elite theories are already manifest in texts from around 1840 – texts that are usually regarded as belonging to the Romantic period. The argument is based on Johan Ludvig Heiberg’s essay ‘Folk og Publikum’ [The People and the Audience] and the drama ‘Den indiske Cholear’ (1835) [The Indian Cholera] by Henrik Wergeland. Heiberg’s and Wergeland’s texts will not be read as anachronistic reflections of 1900 elite theories, but rather as complex analyses of precisely those bourgeois concerns that led to the emergence of the elite theories toward the end of the century.

Medicine for the Masses: The Placebo Effect of Early Modern Medical Frontispieces and the Commercialization of Socialized Medicine

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
Ryan Church
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Placebo Effect ◽  
Social Power ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Masses

 By focusing on a single case study of Girolamo Ruscelli‟s famous Secreti del reverend donno Alessio Piemontese (1555), I argue that the frontispiece contained in this manuscript transformed the knowledge and practices contained within it through the placebo effect, thus helping to generate and mobilize social power through medical self-sufficiency. This tremendous change undercut the economic power of institutional medicine, thus altering the medical landscape toward a utilitarian model in the Early Modern period.

scholarly journals GAFATAR DAN DINAMIKA GERAKAN SOSIALNYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Enkin Asrawijaya
Keyword(s):  
Political Opportunity ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Opportunities ◽  
The People ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Current Reform ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Masses

Gafatar is a form of community upheaval in Indonesia in the current reform era. Issues surrounding the ideology and the attempts of treason case became the problem that caused Gafatar to lose the masses of the public. Gafatar has the concept of food self-sufficiency which is then implemented in a peasant movement as its criticism of the government. To explain the dynamics of the Gafatar social movement, used the theory of McAdam et al, about Political Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Cultural Framings. The political opportunity arises from the distrust of government programs that have been offered to the people who are deemed to be ineffective. Mobilizing Structur Gafatar movement is manifested through the formation of the organization, forming a network of cooperation and collective action. While cultural framing, created through the issues addressed to Gafatar causing the formation of negative stigma in society.

scholarly journals Domesticating the Child: Maternal Responses to Hereditary Discourse in The Tenant of Wildfell Hall

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Pellerito
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Traditional Gender Roles ◽  
Alternate Version ◽  
The One ◽  
Maternal Responses ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

This article examines the early nineteenth century connections between human, animal and plant by placing Erasmus Darwin’s The Botanic Garden (1791) and The Temple of Nature (1803) in conversation with Anne Brontë’s The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848). I argue that the Romantic versions of heredity described in Darwin’s poetry tended to reinscribe traditional gender roles. Brontë’s Tenant, on the other hand, revises earlier notions of heredity and motherhood via Helen Huntingdon, the wife of an alcoholic who tries to prevent her son from activating his genetic taint. By reconfiguring the supposedly natural connections between patriarchal inheritance of the land on the one hand and biological traits on the other, and by reclaiming and reinscribing popular metaphors of breeding, Anne Brontë’s female protagonist creates and attempts to implement a maternalist version of heredity while remaining entrenched within the nineteenth-century cult of motherhood. Whereas the Romantic and romanticized poetry of Erasmus Darwin and his contemporaries’ approach to natural history bestowed human characteristics on plants in order to make their reproduction more comprehensible, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall does the opposite. Without a satisfactory framework in place to express the anxieties surrounding human heredity, Brontë turns the tables on the metaphor and applies the language of breeding and agriculture to a human child. In doing so, she creates an alternate version of heredity based on maternal strength and power rather than one predicated upon patriarchal structures of kinship and economic inheritance.

scholarly journals Las inscripciones perdidas de la basílica altomedieval de San Salvador de Oviedo = The Lost Inscriptions of the Early Medieval Basilica of San Salvador In Oviedo

2020 ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
César García de Castro Valdés ◽  
José Antonio Valdés Gallego
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Eighth Century ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
San Salvador ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Temple

El Liber Testamentorum Ouetensis, elaborado por orden del obispo Pelayo (1097-1130), ha preservado el texto de unas inscripciones colocadas en el presbiterio, a ambos lados del altar mayor, de la basílica altomedieval del Salvador de Oviedo. Conmemoraban la fundación por Fruela I (757-768) y la restauración a cargo de su hijo Alfonso II (791-842), se disponían misas en honor de este, y se dedicaba el templo al Salvador. Hemos procurado reconstruir la disposición original de los textos gracias a sus recursos poéticos, inadvertidos hasta la fecha. Pensamos que los epígrafes fueron tres, de forma cuadrada. Su contenido sufrió una interpolación relativa a la periodicidad de las misas por Alfonso II. Se ha examinado el origen del patrocinio doble de la basílica ovetense: el Salvador y el colegio apostólico. La elección del primero responde a una oleada europea contemporánea, probable reflejo de disposiciones de los papas Gregorio II y III, en el segundo cuarto del siglo VIII; la del segundo evoca la concepción isoapostólica de Constantino, importada de Bizancio quizá por intermediación de Pipino III, ya en época de Fruela I.AbstractThe Liber Testamentorum Ouetensis, prepared by order of Bishop Pelayo (1097-1130), has preserved the text of some inscriptions placed in the presbytery, on both sides of the main altar, of the early medieval Saviour’s basilica of Oviedo. They commemorated the foundation by King Fruela I (757-768) and its restoration by his son King Alfonso II (791-842), arranging masses in honor of the latter, and dedicating the temple to the Saviour.We have tried to reconstruct the original layout of the texts thanks to their poetic resources, unnoticed to date. We think that we are dealing with three square-designed epigraphs. Its content suffered an interpolation regarding the periodicity of the masses prayed for Alfonso II. The origin of the double dedication of the Oviedo’s basilica has been examined: the Saviour and the Apostolic College. The choice of the first responds to a contemporary European wave, likely a reflection of the provisions of both Popes Gregory II and Gregory III, in the second quarter of the eighth century; that of the second evokes the isoapostolic self-consciousness of Emperor Constantine, imported from Byzantium perhaps through the intermediation of King Pipin III, already at the time of Fruela I.

Flora's Go-betweens: Nectar, Insects, and Flowers in the Romantic Natural History of Pollination

Romanticism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Hankinson
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Plant Reproduction ◽  
Boundary Crossing ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Romantic Period ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Erasmus Darwin

A boundary-crossing substance connecting flowers and insects, nectar occupied a contested position during the Romantic period, provoking debates regarding who stood most to profit from it: insects or the plants themselves? Such questions also surrounded another floral substance: pollen mediated between the plant and animal kingdoms, constituting not only a means of plant reproduction but also a food for bees. Despite these shared qualities, a direct link between nectar and the dissemination of pollen was not made until the late eighteenth century, when Kölreuter and Sprengel separately discovered the secret of their connection. Taking into consideration speculations on nectar in the writings of Erasmus Darwin, as well as discussions regarding plant-insect analogy, competition, sexuality, and nutrition, I describe how naturalists came to understand (or refused to understand) the relationships governing pollination, in the process confronting a nature far more hybrid and mediated than they initially imagined.

scholarly journals Pulsation Modal Behavior of Classical Cepheids in the HR Diagram

1978 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur N. Cox ◽  
Stephen W. Hodson
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Distance Scale ◽  
Instability Strip ◽  
Classical Cepheids ◽  
Modal Behavior ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Hr Diagram

Mapping of the Cepheid region of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram has been difficult to do from a theoretical viewpoint because the masses and compositions of the Cepheids have always been very uncertain. It now appears that the various mass anomalies have been solved by distance scale changes and by the realization of very helium rich convection zones. This helium enrichment is caused by a Cepheid wind which blows away more hydrogen than helium, just as in the solar wind. Now with the evolutionary theory masses, radii, luminosities, and our new composition structures, the predicted blue edges of the instability strip and periods throughout the strip agree very well with observations.

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